Abstract
Background: A new method has been developed for the determination of food dye tartrazine in soft drinks. Tartrazine is determined by hyphenated technique Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass spectrometry. The solid-phase extraction was used for the extraction of tartrazine.
Methods: For the LC-MS analysis of tartrazine acetonitrile, water (80:20) was used as a mobile phase whereas, the C-18 column was selected as the stationary phase. The chromatographic run was allowed for 1 min. The adsorbent of the solid-phase extraction was synthesized from the waste corn cob.
Results: Method found to be linear in the range of 0.1 mg L-1 - 10 mg L-1, limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 0.0165 mgL-1 and 0.055 mgL-1, respectively. Tartrazine, in the real sample, was found to be 20.39 mgL-1 and 83.26 mgL-1.
Conclusion: The developed UPLC-MS method is rapid, simple, precise and can be used for the quantitative analysis of tartrazine. The solid-phase extraction also involves a cost-effective procedure for extraction as it does not involve the commercial cartridge.
Keywords: Method development, soft drinks, solid phase extraction, tartrazine, UPLC-MS, adsorbent.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Moutinho, I.L.D.; Bertges, L.C.; Assis, R.V.C. Prolonged use of the food dye tartrazine (FD&C yellow no 5) and its effects on the gastric mucosa of Wistar rats. Braz. J. Biol., 2007, 67(1), 141-145.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842007000100019] [PMID: 17505761]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842007000100019] [PMID: 17505761]
[2]
de Andrade, F.I.; Florindo Guedes, M.I.; Pinto Vieira, Í.G.; Pereira Mendes, F.N.; Salmito Rodrigues, P.A.; Costa Maia, C.S.; Marques Ávila, M.M.; de Matos Ribeiro, L. Determination of synthetic food dyes in commercial soft drinks by TLC and ion-pair HPLC. Food Chem., 2014, 157, 193-198.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.100] [PMID: 24679770]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.100] [PMID: 24679770]
[4]
Abu Shawish, H.M.; Ghalwa, N.A.; Saadeh, S.M.; El Harazeen, H. Development of novel potentiometric sensors for determination of tartrazine dye concentration in foodstuff products. Food Chem., 2013, 138(1), 126-132.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.048] [PMID: 23265466]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.048] [PMID: 23265466]
[5]
Shawish, H.M.A.; Ghalwa, N.A.; El Harazeen, H. Assay of tartrazine dye concentration in foodstuff products by new potentiometric carbon paste electrode. Sens. Lett., 2012, 10, 894-901.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2012.2600]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2012.2600]
[6]
Lipskikh, O.I.; Nikolaeva, A.A.; Korotkova, E.I. Voltammetric determination of Tartrazine in food. J. Anal. Chem., 2017, 72(4), 396-401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1061934817040062]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1061934817040062]
[7]
Song, Y.Z.; Xu, J.M.; Lv, J.S.; Zhong, H.; Ye, Y.; Xie, J.M. Electrochemical reduction of tartrazine at multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified pyrolytic graphite electrode. Indian J. Chem., 2010, 49A(8), 1030-1034.
[8]
Ghoreishi, S.M.; Behpour, M.; Golestaneh, M. Simultaneous voltammetric determination of Brilliant Blue and Tartrazine in real samples at the surface of a multi-walled carbon nanotube paste electrode Anal. Met., 2011, 3, 2842-2847.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ay05327b]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ay05327b]
[9]
Ghoreishi, S.M.; Behpour, M.; Golestaneh, M. Selective voltammetric determination of tartrazine in the presence of red 10B by nanogold‐modified carbon paste electrode. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. (Taipei), 2013, 60(1), 120-126.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.201200143]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.201200143]
[10]
Perdomo, Y.; Arancibia, V.; García-Beltrán, O.; Nagles, E. Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of amaranth and tartrazine in drinks and gelatins using a screen-printed carbon electrode. Sensors (Basel), 2017, 17(11), 2665.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17112665] [PMID: 29156561]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17112665] [PMID: 29156561]
[11]
Karim-Nezhad, G.; Khorablou, Z.; Zamani, M.; Seyed Dorraji, P.; Alamgholiloo, M. Voltammetric sensor for tartrazine determination in soft drinks using poly (p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid)/zinc oxide nanoparticles in carbon paste electrode. Yao Wu Shi Pin Fen Xi, 2017, 25(2), 293-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.002] [PMID: 28911670]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.002] [PMID: 28911670]
[12]
Nevado, J.J.B.; Floresa, J.R.; Llerena, M.J.V. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow and Ponceau 4R in commercial products by partial least squares and principal component regression multivariate calibration methods. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1998, 361(5), 465-472.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050927]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050927]
[13]
Nevado, J.J.B.; Flores, J.R.; Llerena, M.J.V.; Fariñas, N.R. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of tartrazine, patent blue V, and indigo carmine in commercial products by partial least squares and principal component regression methods. Talanta, 1999, 48(4), 895-903.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(98)00301-4] [PMID: 18967532]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(98)00301-4] [PMID: 18967532]
[14]
Antakli, S.; Nejem, L.; Katran, S. Simultaneous determination of tartrazine and brilliant blue in foodstuffs by spectrophotometric method. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2015, 7(6), 214-218.
[15]
Sha, O.; Zhu, X.; Feng, Y.; Ma, W. Determination of sunset yellow
and tartrazine in food samples by combining ionic liquid-based
aqueous two-phase system with high performance liquid chromatography. J Anal. Met. Chem., 2014,, 2014. Article ID 964273..
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/964273]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/964273]
[16]
Vlase, L.; Muntean, D.; Cobzac, S.C.; Filip, L. Development and validation of an HPLC-UV method for determination of synthetic food colorants. Rev. Roum. Chim., 2014, 59(9), 719-725.
[17]
Gao, H-G.; Gong, W-J.; Zhao, Y-G. Rapid method for quantification of seven synthetic pigments in colored Chinese steamed buns using UFLC-MS/MS without SPE. Anal. Sci., 2015, 31(3), 205-210.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.31.205] [PMID: 25765275]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.31.205] [PMID: 25765275]
[18]
Nagappan, K.; Yamjala, K.; Sathyaseelan, M.; Byran, G. Stability evaluation of tartrazine by liquid chromatography-diode array detector and high-resolution electron spray ionization quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 2017, 10(7), 295-299.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i7.17191]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i7.17191]
[19]
Ates, E.; Mittendorf, K.; Senyuva, H. LC/MS method using cloud point extraction for the determination of permitted and illegal food colors in liquid, semiliquid, and solid food matrixes: single-laboratory validation. J. AOAC Int., 2011, 94(6), 1853-1862.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-220] [PMID: 22320093]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-220] [PMID: 22320093]
[20]
Chen, B.; Wang, W.; Huang, Y. Cigarette filters as adsorbents of solid-phase extraction for determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in environmental water samples coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta, 2012, 88, 237-243.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.066] [PMID: 22265493]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.066] [PMID: 22265493]
[21]
Chen, B.; Wang, S.; Zhang, Q.; Huang, Y. Highly stable magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotube composites for solid-phase extraction of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in environmental water samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Analyst (Lond.), 2012, 137(5), 1232-1240.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2an16030g] [PMID: 22262090]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2an16030g] [PMID: 22262090]
[22]
Wang, W.; Chen, B.; Huang, Y. Eggshell membrane-based biotemplating of mixed hemimicelle/admicelle as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent for carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2014, 62(32), 8051-8059.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf501877k] [PMID: 25025712]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf501877k] [PMID: 25025712]
[23]
Jiménez, S.; Velásquez, C.; Mejía, F.; Hormaza, A. Proceedings of
the international conference of recent trends in environmental science and engineering (RTESE'17). Toronto, Canada Paper No.
141, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/rtese17.141]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/rtese17.141]
[24]
Farnane, M.; Tounsadi, H.; Machrouhi, A.; Elhalil, A.; Mahjoubi, F.Z.; Sadiq, M.; Abdennouri, M.; Qourzal, S.; Barka, N. Dye removal by raw maize corncob and H3PO4 activated maize corncob. J. Water Reuse Desalin., 2017, 8(2), 214-224.
[25]
Aljeboree, A.M.; Alkaim, A.F. Comparative removal of three textile dyes from aqueous solutions byadsorption: As a model (corn-cob source waste) of plants role in environmental enhancement. Plant Arch., 2019, 19(1), 1613-1620.
[26]
Foo, K.Y.; Hameed, B.H. Preparation and characterizationof activated carbon from pistachio nut shells via microwave-induced chemical activation. Biomass Bioenergy, 2011, 35(7), 3257-3326.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.023]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.023]
Article Metrics
7