Abstract
Stimulated by the 5-steps rule during the last decade or so, computational proteomics has achieved remarkable progresses in the following three areas: (1) protein structural class prediction; (2) protein subcellular location prediction; (3) post-translational modification (PTM) site prediction. The results obtained by these predictions are very useful not only for an in-depth study of the functions of proteins and their biological processes in a cell, but also for developing novel drugs against major diseases such as cancers, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s. Moreover, since the targets to be predicted may have the multi-label feature, two sets of metrics are introduced: one is for inspecting the global prediction quality, while the other for the local prediction quality. All the predictors covered in this review have a userfriendly web-server, through which the majority of experimental scientists can easily obtain their desired data without the need to go through the complicated mathematics.
Keywords: Five-steps rules, Protein structural classes, Protein subcellular localization, Post-translational modifications, Webserver, Global and local metrics.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81417-8] [PMID: 9695946]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17656] [PMID: 27135929]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf7066] [PMID: 27338706]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06531] [PMID: 18235503]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10257] [PMID: 21785437]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsb1101-990] [PMID: 11685248]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12283] [PMID: 23739335]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.1707] [PMID: 19898475]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.01.009] [PMID: 26853147]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80572-3] [PMID: 10089877]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0504920102] [PMID: 16043693]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.044] [PMID: 17055436]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.1943] [PMID: 20890284]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.08.019] [PMID: 20813252]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.3059] [PMID: 26167881]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620316114] [PMID: 28325874]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b09352] [PMID: 29193965]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01333-8] [PMID: 10745077]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01246-5] [PMID: 9426218]
[http://dx.doi.org/[http://10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.016] [PMID: 15178425]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr050145a] [PMID: 16212421]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2002.6686] [PMID: 11922623]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr049905s] [PMID: 15473697]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr049931q] [PMID: 15359741]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.123] [PMID: 15845357]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr050135+] [PMID: 16212418]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.235] [PMID: 17266937]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.016] [PMID: 19523442]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028111] [PMID: 22140516]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038546] [PMID: 22685582]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1450] [PMID: 23303794]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2013.05.024] [PMID: 23756733]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1019] [PMID: 25361964]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2014.06.022] [PMID: 25016190]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/286419] [PMID: 24991545]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.08.025] [PMID: 26362104]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2014.12.009] [PMID: 25596338]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2014.998710] [PMID: 25513722]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2015.12.009] [PMID: 26723495]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw387] [PMID: 27354696]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv604] [PMID: 26476782]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.13758] [PMID: 27926534]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2018.09.002] [PMID: 30201554]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2018.03.012] [PMID: 29858081]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.10.008] [PMID: 29107015]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.01.005] [PMID: 29360500]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2018.12.019] [PMID: 30593778]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.02.007] [PMID: 30768975]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.10.021] [PMID: 30312687]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.12.015] [PMID: 30550863]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178615666180724103325]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178615666180802122953]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666181119145030] [PMID: 30451108]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666181113120948] [PMID: 30421671]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666181127101039] [PMID: 30479209]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190507082559] [PMID: 31060481]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.017] [PMID: 29842950]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz016] [PMID: 30649179]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbz041] [PMID: 31067315]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bby079] [PMID: 30351377]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bby028] [PMID: 29897410]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.01.023] [PMID: 29408627]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bby077] [PMID: 30184176]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty522] [PMID: 29947803]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.02.006] [PMID: 30779939]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-019-01570-y]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.017] [PMID: 30822398]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2019.03.017] [PMID: 30930199]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.03.011] [PMID: 30880183]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2019.04.007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202920666190325162307] [PMID: 31555063]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.10.046] [PMID: 30365947]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.12.024] [PMID: 21168420]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2018.04.031]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17067.x] [PMID: 1633801]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(92)81728-9] [PMID: 1297323]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1993.1053] [PMID: 8331952]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00813744] [PMID: 24189732]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026038] [PMID: 8489703]
[PMID: 8071322]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01886766] [PMID: 7662113]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01886788] [PMID: 8590599]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025116] [PMID: 8141996]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(95)00245-5] [PMID: 7729532]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01886884] [PMID: 8561854]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/8.5.425] [PMID: 8532663]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-213815-7.X5000-6]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022576400291] [PMID: 9588944]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.1325] [PMID: 10527868]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203003381379] [PMID: 12369916]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0097-8485(01)00113-9] [PMID: 11868916]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.128] [PMID: 16023077]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2006.10507088] [PMID: 16615809]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.06.016] [PMID: 18634802]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.09.014] [PMID: 17959199]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(19980401)31:1<97:AID-PROT8>3.0.CO;2-E] [PMID: 9552161]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.06.025] [PMID: 16908032]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2006.07.022] [PMID: 16920060]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20354] [PMID: 16429410]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20554] [PMID: 17330882]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-007-0496-1] [PMID: 17308864]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20955] [PMID: 18381630]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0170-2] [PMID: 18726140]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2010.09.002] [PMID: 21106461]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10930-009-9222-z] [PMID: 20049515]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986612799789332] [PMID: 22185506]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.11.021] [PMID: 24316044]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.04.008] [PMID: 24735902]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.10.003] [PMID: 29055184]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.07.012] [PMID: 28743071]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986612803217051] [PMID: 22185510]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986612799789350] [PMID: 22316305]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2015.01.004]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.04.027] [PMID: 28476562]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.05.033] [PMID: 29870696]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00232a004] [PMID: 2021631]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560010312] [PMID: 1304347]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr025527k] [PMID: 12645914]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.10719]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014556] [PMID: 21283518]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(03)70050-2] [PMID: 12719255]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.05.034] [PMID: 16043193]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406411666141229162834] [PMID: 25548930]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bth466] [PMID: 15308540]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00775-7] [PMID: 12745090]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.10500] [PMID: 14517979]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.10790] [PMID: 15048874]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr0500399] [PMID: 15952744]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.11.017] [PMID: 15721043]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.05.035] [PMID: 16040052]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.196] [PMID: 16325146]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr050331g] [PMID: 16457597]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009603] [PMID: 20300175]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010972] [PMID: 20532046]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2011.12.003] [PMID: 22178444]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042517] [PMID: 22880014]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt709] [PMID: 24318998]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2014.968624] [PMID: 25252709]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.09.029] [PMID: 25264267]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.09.001] [PMID: 27615149]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-015-1108-5] [PMID: 26319782]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep42362] [PMID: 28205576]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.07.022] [PMID: 28763688]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.22585] [PMID: 29296195]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.11.031] [PMID: 30529702]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.12.017] [PMID: 30562500]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.07.018] [PMID: 30031793]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.12.025] [PMID: 29305179]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.08.042] [PMID: 30179589]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.03.003] [PMID: 29548799]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-018-1498-2] [PMID: 30291426]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026617666170414145508] [PMID: 28413951]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2007.10.012] [PMID: 17976365]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2012.03.015] [PMID: 22459120]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt072] [PMID: 23426256]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms15033495] [PMID: 24577312]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016409789973707]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2014.04.001] [PMID: 24732113]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5MB00155B] [PMID: 26099739]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx579] [PMID: 28968797]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.12.034] [PMID: 30590059]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv458] [PMID: 25958395]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2017.94007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M204161200] [PMID: 12186861]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2007.07.006] [PMID: 17698024]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2009.07.046] [PMID: 19651102]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986609789839322] [PMID: 20001911]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009931] [PMID: 20368981]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011335] [PMID: 20596258]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.01.018] [PMID: 20093124]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2010.10507351] [PMID: 20645651]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018258] [PMID: 21483473]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1mb05232b] [PMID: 21984117]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.06.005] [PMID: 21684290]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C1MB05420A] [PMID: 22134333]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020592] [PMID: 21698097]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986612798472839] [PMID: 21919865]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3mb25466f] [PMID: 23370050]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7MB00267J] [PMID: 28702580]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx476] [PMID: 29036535]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2017.99032]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.08.005] [PMID: 28818512]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.10.002] [PMID: 28989035]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx711] [PMID: 29106451]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.09.005] [PMID: 30201434]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.08.007] [PMID: 30179658]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty628] [PMID: 30010789]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3mb25555g] [PMID: 23536215]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.087] [PMID: 16002049]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr060635i] [PMID: 17397210]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr800957q] [PMID: 19226167]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055844] [PMID: 23409062]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0134(20010101)42:1<136:AID-PROT130>3.0.CO;2-F] [PMID: 11093267]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/14.2.75] [PMID: 11297664]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0196-9781(01)00540-X] [PMID: 11786179]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10409239509083488] [PMID: 7587280]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2007.494] [PMID: 18274516]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2010.210136]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.1071] [PMID: 11354006]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986610792231564] [PMID: 20450487]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.10251] [PMID: 12471598]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986612801619589] [PMID: 22316312]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.06.003] [PMID: 23770403]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.06.034] [PMID: 23850480]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.08.037] [PMID: 24035842]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzt042] [PMID: 24048266]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.171] [PMID: 24109555]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms150610410] [PMID: 24918295]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/947416] [PMID: 24977164]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms15057594] [PMID: 24857907]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105018] [PMID: 25121969]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms150711204] [PMID: 24968264]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2015.08.021] [PMID: 26314792]
[PMID: 28427142]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.01.020] [PMID: 26807806]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9148] [PMID: 27153555]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.02.020] [PMID: 26908349]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2015.12.017] [PMID: 26748145]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.10027] [PMID: 27322424]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw380] [PMID: 27334473]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9987] [PMID: 27323404]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150819110421] [PMID: 26286211]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2017.03.006] [PMID: 28624191]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.08.020] [PMID: 28886434]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406413666170515120507] [PMID: 28521678]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406413666170623082245] [PMID: 28641529]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17104] [PMID: 28476023]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406413666170419150052] [PMID: 28425870]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36203-8] [PMID: 30560923]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.055] [PMID: 29694908]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2018.04.021] [PMID: 29704476]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-018-4417-z] [PMID: 30311130]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.04.037] [PMID: 29727634]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-019-2700-1] [PMID: 30841845]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2009.12011]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106691] [PMID: 25184541]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms15034915] [PMID: 24651462]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu083] [PMID: 24504871]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms15021746] [PMID: 24469313]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/623149] [PMID: 24967386]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.011] [PMID: 25908206]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121501] [PMID: 25821974]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9057] [PMID: 27147572]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21010095] [PMID: 26797600]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.11975] [PMID: 27626500]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2015.1014422] [PMID: 25645238]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw186] [PMID: 27153623]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2015.1095116] [PMID: 26375780]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.7815] [PMID: 26942877]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep32333] [PMID: 27581095]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.14524] [PMID: 28076851]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx302] [PMID: 28903538]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw539] [PMID: 27531102]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17028] [PMID: 28938573]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2017.04.008] [PMID: 28624202]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty155] [PMID: 29547915]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty458] [PMID: 29878118]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty140] [PMID: 29528364]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty508] [PMID: 29931187]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty312] [PMID: 29684124]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.24616] [PMID: 29989083]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx670] [PMID: 29069280]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920305774329368] [PMID: 16248794]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu820] [PMID: 25504848]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-015-1078-7] [PMID: 26085220]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.25689] [PMID: 30958587]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2019.2919025]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.03.017] [PMID: 30928350]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.05.024] [PMID: 31150762]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(80)80002-0] [PMID: 7225518]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(80)80003-2] [PMID: 7225519]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj1870829] [PMID: 7188428]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v81-107]
[PMID: 6487745]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2090573] [PMID: 6870784]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2150465] [PMID: 6362659]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2220169] [PMID: 6477507]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(84)84234-4] [PMID: 6428481]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(84)80005-8] [PMID: 6487745]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2210027] [PMID: 6466317]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-8130(85)90035-2]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(85)83782-6] [PMID: 4052563]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-8130(85)90035-2]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(85)80045-4] [PMID: 4052576]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(86)87001-6] [PMID: 3101760]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360260209] [PMID: 3828475]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(88)85002-6] [PMID: 3046672]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.4980200209]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(89)90026-1] [PMID: 2763333]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(89)82676-1] [PMID: 2775828]
[PMID: 2745429]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(90)80056-D] [PMID: 2183882]
[PMID: 7681060]
[PMID: 7686907]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00077a008] [PMID: 7687145]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01992044] [PMID: 7507441]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(94)90077-9] [PMID: 7516658]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1994.1405] [PMID: 7529005]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360340114] [PMID: 8110966]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(95)02390-9] [PMID: 8602869]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.160] [PMID: 16140260]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.21025] [PMID: 17577213]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v08-020]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875036200903010031]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.014] [PMID: 19819222]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2008.13025]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2009.13020]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920010791514261] [PMID: 20446902]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018587] [PMID: 21525996]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340611794072698] [PMID: 21235516]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.06.006] [PMID: 21718705]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340612800493692] [PMID: 22385180]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955712802762275] [PMID: 22420575]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340612800493601] [PMID: 22385179]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10989-019-09893-5]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2009.13020]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.09.001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10989-019-09910-7]