Fluorine-Containing Inhalation Anesthetics: Chemistry, Properties and Pharmacology

doi:10.2174/0929867326666191003155703
摘要

本文综述了氟化吸入麻醉药的研究，包括合成，物理化学和药理学。回顾吸入麻醉剂的历史，发现它们越来越依赖氟和醚结构。氟烷引起罕见但严重的基于免疫的肝毒性，在1970年代被安氟醚所取代。异氟烷在1980年代取代了环戊烷，显示出适度的优势（例如，较低的溶解度，更好的代谢稳定性以及无惊厥倾向）。地氟醚和七氟醚在1990年代开始使用，比异氟烷麻醉效果更好（肝毒性较小，溶解度较低和/或刺激性明显降低）。但是，它们仍然不够完美。为了获得更理想的吸入麻醉药，制备了许多氟化卤代烃，多氟环烷烃，多氟环烯烃，氟代芳烃和多氟氧杂环丁烷，并对其效能和毒性进行了评估。尽管药理学研究表明这些药物中的某些能产生麻醉作用，但由于它们明显缺乏麻醉药，因此未对这些化合物进行进一步的研究。而且，不能从分子结构简单地预测麻醉活性，而必须从实验中推断出麻醉活性。通过实验研究发现了一些规律性：1）当分子量增加时，饱和直链卤代醚的效力和毒性增加； 2）当候选物的沸点增加时，安全裕度降低，恢复时间延长； 3）具有不对称碳末端的化合物具有良好的麻醉效果。然而，不仅由于目前已知的不良的结构/活性关系，而且由于合成问题，开发优于地氟醚和七氟醚的新型吸入麻醉剂仍然具有挑战性。
关键词: 氟，麻醉药，吸入，挥发性，药理学，卤代烃。
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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666191003155703	Print ISSN 0929-8673
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-533X
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