Generic placeholder image

Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2211-7385
ISSN (Online): 2211-7393

Research Article

Formulation Optimization and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of Imatinib Mesylate Loaded β-cyclodextrin Nanosponges

Author(s): Milind Kamble*, Zahid Zaheer*, Santosh Mokale and Rana Zainuddin

Volume 7, Issue 5, 2019

Page: [343 - 361] Pages: 19

DOI: 10.2174/2211738507666190919121445

Abstract

Background: Many researchers have prepared and evaluated nanosponges and claimed their advantages as an effective drug carrier, especially it was observed prominently in case of anti-fungal drugs. The materials employed to synthesize nanosponges were mainly crosslinking agents, different beta-cyclodextrin and other cellulose-based polymers. Many of them had used ratio proportions of cross-linking agents, d polymers to synthesize these nanosponges which ultimately produce a porous mesh-like network known as nanosponges where actually drug is encapsulated or loaded.

Objective: In the present investigation, we observed the effect of various levels of crosslinking agents and beta-cyclodextrin concentrations on porosity, drug encapsulation, zeta potential and drug release by employing the quality by design approach to synthesize nanosponges rather than merely keeping both concentrations in proportions.

Methods: We have slightly modified the method reported earlier i.e. melting method in which we have used rota evaporator receiver vessel for melting cross-linking agent and beta- cyclodextrin, rotated at 20 RPM at 100°C.

Results: In a quality by design approach, we observed that out of four dependent variables i.e. porosity, drug loading, zeta potential and drug release, three significantly depend on the crosslinking of beta-cyclodextrin molecules which is highly appreciated by the amount of cross-linking agent present in the reaction. The pharmacokinetics of Imatinib loaded optimized nanosponges were compared with the reference product to observe the pattern of absorption and disposition.

Conclusion: Nanosponges synthesized by optimization technique could be effective means of anti-cancer drug oral administration as they encapsulate the drug effectively and offer a prolonged release of drug which gradually releases the drug and avoids unnecessary exposure of the drug.

Keywords: Beta-cyclodextrin, crosslinking agents, drug encapsulation, imatinib mesylate, nanosponges, zeta potential.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Li D, Ma M. Cyclodextrin polymer separation materials. WO9822197 1998.
[2]
Trotta F, Cavalli R. Ultrasound assisted synthesis of cyclodextrin based nanosponges. WO0002814A1 2006.
[3]
Trotta F, Zanetti M, Cavalli R. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as drug carriers. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8: 2091-9.
[4]
Trotta F, Cavalli R. Characterization and applications of new hyper-cross-linked Cyclodextrins. Compos Interfaces 2009; 16: 39-48.
[5]
Tejashri G, Amrita B, Darshana J. Cyclodextrin based nanosponges for pharmaceutical use: a review. Acta Pharm 2013; 63(3): 335-58.
[6]
Sherje AP, Dravyakar BR, Kadam D, Jadhav M. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges: a critical review. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173: 37-49.
[7]
Shankar S, Pradeep R, Francesco T, et al. Structural evidence of differential forms of nanosponges of beta-cyclodextrin and its effect on solubilization of a model drug. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 2013; 76: 201-11.
[8]
Shankar S, Vavia PR, Francesco T, Satyen T. Formulation of betacyclodextrin based nanosponges of itraconazole. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 2007; 57: 89-94.
[9]
Monica R, Amrita B, Ishwar K, Ghanshyam M, Francesco T. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of b-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges of telmisartan. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 2012; 12: 224-7.
[10]
Darandale S, Vavia P. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges of curcumin: formulation and physicochemical characterization. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 2012; 75: 315-22.
[11]
Barbara M, Alessandro B, Silvia M, et al. In vitro enhancement of anticancer activity of paclitaxel by a Cremophor free cyclodextrin-based nanosponge formulation. Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 2012; 74: 201-10.
[12]
Mufassir M, Zahid Z, Rana Z, Jaiprakash N. Extended release delivery of erlotinib glutathione nanosponges for targeting lung cancer. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2018; 45(8): 1064-75.
[13]
Trotta F, Dianzani C, Caldera F, Mognetti B, Cavalli R. The application of nanosponges to cancer drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11(6): 931-41.
[14]
National Center for Biotechnology Information. Pub- Chem Compound Database; CID=123596,. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/123596 (accessed Apr. 1, 2018).
[15]
Mughal TI, Schrieber A. Principal long-term adverse effects of imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase. Biologics 2010; 4: 315-23.
[16]
Rao MR, Bhingole RC, Rohini C. Nanosponge-based pediatric-controlled release dry suspension of Gabapentin for reconstitution. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 41(12): 2029-36.
[17]
Moore GE, Gerner RE, Franklin HA. Culture of normal human leukocytes. JAMA 1967; 199(8): 519-24.
[18]
Lee Y-L, Chen C-W, Liu F-H, Huang Y-W, Huang H-M. Aclacinomycin A sensitizes K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells to imatinib through p38MAPK-mediated erythroid differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8(4)e61939
[19]
Momin MM, Zaheer Z, Zainuddin R, Sangshetti JN. Extended release delivery of erlotinib glutathione nanosponge for targeting lung cancer. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2018; 46(5): 1064-75.
[20]
Sadat Shandiz SA, Shafiee Ardestani M, Shahbazzadeh D, et al. Novel imatinib-loaded silver nanoparticles for enhanced apoptosis of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2017; 45(6): 1-10.
[21]
Mehdizadeh M, Rouhani H, Sepehri N, et al. Biotin decorated PLGA nanoparticles containing SN-38 designed for cancer therapy. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2017; 45(3): 495-504.
[22]
Cho EC, Xie J, Wurm PA, Xia Y. Understanding the role of surface charges in cellular adsorption versus internalization by selectively removing gold nanoparticles on the cell surface with a I2/KI etchant. Nano Lett 2009; 9(3): 1080-4.
[23]
Xiao W, Chen WH, Xu XD, et al. Design of a cellular-uptake-shielding “plug and play” template for photo controllable drug release. Adv Mater 2011; 23(31): 3526-30.
[24]
Gambacorti-Passerini C, Zucchetti M, Russo D, et al. α1 acid glycoprotein binds to imatinib (STI571) and substantially alters its pharmacokinetics in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9(2): 625-32.
[25]
Gambacorti-Passerini C, Barni R, le Coutre P, et al. Role of α1 acid glycoprotein in the in vivo resistance of human BCR-ABL(+) leukemic cells to the abl inhibitor STI571. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92(20): 1641-50.
[26]
Shankar S, Pradeep V, Francesco T, et al. Structural evidence of differential forms of nanosponges of beta-cyclodextrin and its effect on solubilisation of a model drug. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 2013; 76: 201-11.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version2.18sRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[13:23:54] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[13:23:56] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[13:23:56] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (93.73ms)time
  • Application (2.09s)time
  • 1 x Application (95.7%)
    2.09s
    1 x Booting (4.3%)
    93.73ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    32 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 28 unique. Show only duplicated133ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('309779056','',1,1739971436,1739971436) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739971436
      1.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('309779056','/article/100907',1,1739971436,1739971436)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309779056 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309779056) limit 1
      13.64msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 309779056
      • 1: 309779056
      • 2: 309779056
      • 3: 309779056
      • 4: 309779056
      • 5: 309779056
      • 6: 309779056
      • 7: 309779056
      • 8: 309779056
      • 9: 309779056
      • 10: 309779056
      • 11: 309779056
      • 12: 309779056
      • 13: 309779056
      • 14: 309779056
      • 15: 309779056
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=100907
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 133 limit 1
      760μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 133
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=133) and sj.journal_id!=133 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=133) and sj.journal_id!=133 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      760μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=133) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.31msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=133) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.11msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '100907'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 100907
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '100907'
      1.26msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 100907
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '100907' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      2.19msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 100907
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      550μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 133 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      34.46msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 133 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      5.21msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 133 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      2.85msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 100907 limit 1
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 100907
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 100907 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      860μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid article_nid,a.title article_title,j.title journal_title from content_by_diseases cd inner join article a on a.article_id=cd.content_id inner join journal j on j.journal_id=a.journal_id where cd.pid = 16 and cd.sub_disease_id = 466 and content_id!=100907 and cd.content_type = 'article' order by rand() limit 20
      56.13msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#769
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:769
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2098
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 174994 limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 174994
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'PNT' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: PNT
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '100907' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '343' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9387 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 343
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '361' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9387 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 361
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 100907 limit 1
      2.48msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 100907
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 133 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739971436 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739971436 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.14msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 133
      • 3: 1739971436
      • 4: 1739971436
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 133 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739971436 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739971436 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.12msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 133
      • 3: 1739971436
      • 4: 1739971436
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='72b583e02fa62637e6f601bd76d69d18'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        ZlaGGHNAkHlkCJihasJVh8YAnl9u9x0H2oqWgnt5
        uc_cart_id
        72b583e02fa62637e6f601bd76d69d18
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/100907" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/100907
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkxUVUNkbk9uNXVMOXoyUDJjSXU0UGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidjZOVjdBY2t2TXVsclUvOEp4ODF5TUF4TC9CVFFJMUlFQ0Z4SFRLUFZRZzU0ZFJpWGxUY1hwS1FmZnl5SGRDbUZ5ZDhiaXpuRSsrdm5JaXJyeWovelE9PSIsIm1hYyI6IjRjZjg5N2JlZjVhMTAxMmJhYzk3NzZkN2QxZGJkMmUwYmI2YjYxZDQwOTM5NmIzYWZkYzRhMGQ3ZWJkNTZiZTUiLCJ0YWciOiIifQ%3D%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkxUVUNkbk9uNXVMOXoyUDJjSXU0UGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidjZOVjdBY2t2TXVsclUvOEp4ODF5TUF4TC9CVFFJMUlFQ0Z4SFRLUFZRZzU0ZFJpWGxUY1hwS1FmZnl5SGRDbUZ5" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 19 Feb 2025 13:23:56 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImFzU21lRUVBNzdSUUw3TmZMazZtbHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSHJaUWhBVXg4SzBpSGhuejJJdExxaGpCUzZsaVhnRmMzc2pWMDdTdlBMY2hQVnZxVU1EMW8ycXd6cm56MzFicnF2YkRnVnNNZkJ0WGpTbkpBMWVsSmtxb0U1MWhLMjM3d1RyTXNrMjNlbjg5T3JDK1kxZmlXN2gvSnZUd2d4eUMiLCJtYWMiOiI4MTI1NDAyNmQ2ZmQ1MjNkNTBmZDMyODM1OWJmN2YyNTViNDM4NDdiM2E5OTYxNWJmOTFhMzhiNzk0MjU1YmVkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:23:56 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImFzU21lRUVBNzdSUUw3TmZMazZtbHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSHJaUWhBVXg4SzBpSGhuejJJdExxaGpCUzZsaVhnRmMzc2pWMDdTdlBMY2hQVnZxVU1EMW8ycXd6cm56MzFicnF2YkRnV" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkpaWTI3NnBrbHVSZzQrc1k3Z0tMVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYUFzRlRJZjNPN2kvdlRqVGlqZFpBa1RtMkVZV1lXRnFkcFVMMjVWRUNnNWZVemVVM2RXYVdnekdMblM3akVkeXIvS1FjVno1Q3NlRnA5QTdTYVB5ckNIaStGTUVVY2tlL29UVUVkNnkzL2Rwc1d3TTdIL3RKMC9RRSsvUUdrSzAiLCJtYWMiOiIyNDZjNjE2ZjM2ZDBhMmM4NGJhOWI1ZTMxOTMyNTk1OTAwODRjYjQ1OTI0MjRhOTQwZjIwZjE3ZDkzOTFlNGM1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkpaWTI3NnBrbHVSZzQrc1k3Z0tMVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYUFzRlRJZjNPN2kvdlRqVGlqZFpBa1RtMkVZV1lXRnFkcFVMMjVWRUNnNWZVemVVM2RXYVdnekd" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImFzU21lRUVBNzdSUUw3TmZMazZtbHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSHJaUWhBVXg4SzBpSGhuejJJdExxaGpCUzZsaVhnRmMzc2pWMDdTdlBMY2hQVnZxVU1EMW8ycXd6cm56MzFicnF2YkRnVnNNZkJ0WGpTbkpBMWVsSmtxb0U1MWhLMjM3d1RyTXNrMjNlbjg5T3JDK1kxZmlXN2gvSnZUd2d4eUMiLCJtYWMiOiI4MTI1NDAyNmQ2ZmQ1MjNkNTBmZDMyODM1OWJmN2YyNTViNDM4NDdiM2E5OTYxNWJmOTFhMzhiNzk0MjU1YmVkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22-Feb-2025 01:23:56 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImFzU21lRUVBNzdSUUw3TmZMazZtbHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSHJaUWhBVXg4SzBpSGhuejJJdExxaGpCUzZsaVhnRmMzc2pWMDdTdlBMY2hQVnZxVU1EMW8ycXd6cm56MzFicnF2YkRnV" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkpaWTI3NnBrbHVSZzQrc1k3Z0tMVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYUFzRlRJZjNPN2kvdlRqVGlqZFpBa1RtMkVZV1lXRnFkcFVMMjVWRUNnNWZVemVVM2RXYVdnekdMblM3akVkeXIvS1FjVno1Q3NlRnA5QTdTYVB5ckNIaStGTUVVY2tlL29UVUVkNnkzL2Rwc1d3TTdIL3RKMC9RRSsvUUdrSzAiLCJtYWMiOiIyNDZjNjE2ZjM2ZDBhMmM4NGJhOWI1ZTMxOTMyNTk1OTAwODRjYjQ1OTI0MjRhOTQwZjIwZjE3ZDkzOTFlNGM1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkpaWTI3NnBrbHVSZzQrc1k3Z0tMVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYUFzRlRJZjNPN2kvdlRqVGlqZFpBa1RtMkVZV1lXRnFkcFVMMjVWRUNnNWZVemVVM2RXYVdnekd" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "ZlaGGHNAkHlkCJihasJVh8YAnl9u9x0H2oqWgnt5" "uc_cart_id" => "72b583e02fa62637e6f601bd76d69d18" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/100907" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 13:23:56GET/article/100907314321