Abstract
α-Substituted α,β-unsaturated aldehydes represent a highly reactive class of compounds with a broad scope of application. Therefore, the development of methods for the synthesis of these bifunctional compounds is a dynamically progressing area of research. This review summarizes and highlights methods for the synthesis of α-alkyl α,β-alkenals.
Keywords: Aldol reactions, organocatalysis, α -alkyl α, β-alkenals, α, β-unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated heteroatomic compounds, organic synthesis.
Graphical Abstract
(b) Sharma, S.K.; Srivastava, V.K.; Shukla, R.S.; Parikh, P.A.; Jasra, R.V. One pot synthesis of C8 aldehydes/alcohols from propylene using eco-friendly hydrotalcite supported HRhCO(PPh3)3 catalyst. New J. Chem., 2007, 31, 277-286.
(c) Jose, T.; Sudheesh, N.; Shukla, R.S. Amino functionalized chitosan as a catalyst for selective solvent free self-condensation of linear aldehydes. J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 2010, 333, 158-166.
(b) Sy, L.K.; Brown, G.D. Coniferaldehyde derivatives from tissue culture of Artemisia annua and Tanacetum parthenium. Phytochemistry, 1999, 50, 781-785.
(c) Strunz, G.M.; Bethell, R.; Sampson, G.; White, P. On the Baylis-Hillman reaction of acrylate, acrylonitrile, and acrolein with some non-enolizable α-dicarbonyl compounds: Synthesis of phytotoxic bipolaroxin models. Can. J. Chem., 1995, 73, 1611-1674.
(d) Schneider, J.A.; Nakanishi, K. A new class of sweet potato phytoalexins. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1983, 7, 353-355.
(b) Robert, F.; Héritier, J.; Quiquerez, J.; Simian, H.; Blank, I. Synthesis and sensorial properties of 2-alkylalk-2-enals and 3-(acetylthio)-2-alkyl alkanals. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52(11), 3525-3529.
(b) Keiko, N.A.; Vchislo, N.V. α,β‐Unsaturated aldehydes in the synthesis of five‐membered heterocyclic compounds with one heteroatom: Recent advances from developments in metal‐ and organocatalysis. Asian J. Org. Chem., 2016, 5, 439-461.
(b) Noble, A; Anderson, J.C. Nitro-Mannich reaction. Chem. Rev., 2013, 113(5), 2887-2939.
(b) Giacalone, F.; Gruttadauria, M.; Agrigento, P.; Noto, R. Low-loading asymmetric organocatalysis. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012, 41(6), 2406-2447.
(c) Alemán, J.; Cabrera, S Applications of asymmetric organocatalysis in medicinal chemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42(2), 774-793.
(b) Verkade, J.M.M.; van Hemert, L.J.C.; Quaedflieg, P.J.L.M.; Rutjes, F.P.J.T. Organocatalysed asymmetric Mannich reactions. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2008, 37(1), 29-41.
(c) Cai, X-H.; Xie, B. Recent advances on organocatalysed asymmetric Mannich reactions. ARKIVOC, 2013, i, 264-293.
(b) McNulty, J.; Zepeda Velazquez, C.; McLeod, D. Development of a robust reagent for the two-carbon homologation of aldehydes to (E)-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in water. Green Chem., 2013, 15, 15-3149.
(b) Mandal, S.; Mandal, S.; Ghosh, S.K.; Ghosh, A.; Saha, R.; Banerjies, S.; Saha, B. Review of the aldol reaction. Synth. Commun., 2016, 46, 1327-1342.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(02)02313-4]
(b) Sharma, S.K.; Parikh, P.A.; Jasra, R.V. Eco-friendly synthesis of jasminaldehyde by condensation of 1-heptanal with benzaldehyde using hydrotalcite as a solid base catalyst. J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 2008, 286, 55-62.
(c) Sharma, S.K.; Patel, H.A.; Jasra, R.V. Synthesis of jasmin-aldehyde using magnesium organo silicate as a solid base catalyst. J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 2008, 280, 61-67.
(d) Kitazume, T.; Nagura, H.; Koguchi, S. One step synthesis of 2-substituted 3-tri-(or di-)fluoromethyl-2-propenals in an ionic liquid. J. Fluor. Chem., 2004, 125, 79-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2010.10.012]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2008.03.047]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b918349c]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2003.10.010]
(b) Erkkilä, A.; Pihko, P.M. Mild organocatalytic α-methylenation of aldehydes. J. Org. Chem., 2006, 71(6), 2538-2541.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra00114h]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527608214]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201403302] [PMID: 25179918]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol500916g] [PMID: 24787700]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.03.015]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(00)00872-3]