Abstract
Background: The amalgamation of biological sciences with nano stuff has significantly expedited the progress of biological strategies, greatly promoting practical applications in biomedical fields.
Objective: With distinct optical attributes (e.g., robust photostability, restricted emission spectra, tunable broad excitation, and high quantum output), fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) have been feasibly functionalized with manageable interfaces and considerably utilized as a new class of optical probe in biological investigations.
Methods: In this review article, we structured the current advancements in the preparation methods and attributes of QDs. Furthermore, we extend an overview of the outstanding potential of QDs for biomedical research and radical approaches to drug delivery.
Conclusion: Notably, the applications of QDs as smart next-generation nanosystems for neuroscience and pharmacokinetic studies have been explained. Moreover, recent interests in the potential toxicity of QDs are also apprised, ranging from cell investigations to animal studies.
Keywords: Drug carrier, immunoassay, nanomaterials, QDs, quantum dots, toxicity.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Priyadarshini E, Rawat K. Quantum dots as nanoreporters in biomedicines: a view point. JSM Nanotechnol Nanomed 2017; 5(2): 1053.
[2]
Jahangir MA, Imam SS, Kazmi I. Type 2 diabetes current and future medications: a short review. Int J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 1: 101.
[3]
Tuncer-Degim I, Kadioglu D. Cheap, suitable, predict- able and manageable nanoparticles for drug delivery: quantum dots. Curr Drug Deliv 2013; 10(1): 32-8.
[4]
Probst CE, Zrazhevskiy P, Bagalkot V, Gao X. Quantum dots as a platform for nanoparticle drug delivery vehicle design. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65(5): 703-18.
[6]
Wang AZ, Langer R, Farokhzad OC. Nanoparticle delivery of cancer drugs. Annu Rev Med 2011; 63: 185-98.
[7]
Ghaderi S, Ramesh B, Seifalian AM. Fluorescence nanoparticles “quantum dots” as drug delivery system and their toxicity: a review. J Drug Target 2011; 19(7): 475-86.
[8]
Malam Y, Loizidou M, Seifalian AM. Liposomes and nanoparticles: nanosized vehicles for drug delivery in cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2009; 30: 592-9.
[9]
Obonyo O, Fisher E, Edwards M, Douroumis D. Quantum dots synthesis and biological applications as imaging and drug delivery systems. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 30(4): 283-301.
[10]
Bruchez MJ, Moronne M, Gin P, et al. Semiconductor nano crystals as fluorescent biological labels. Science 1998; 281: 2013-6.
[11]
Chan WC, Nie S. Quantum dot bio conjugates for ultrasensitive non-isotopic detection. Science 1998; 281: 2016-8.
[12]
Chan WC, Maxwell DJ, Gao XH, et al. Luminescent quantum dots for multiplexed biological detection and imaging. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2002; 13: 4046.
[13]
Dabbousi BO, Rodriguez-Viejo J, Mikulec FV, et al. (CdSe) ZnS core-shell quantum dots: synthesis and characterization of a size series of highly luminescent nano crystallites. J Phys Chem 1997; 101: 9463-75.
[14]
Lim YT, Kim S, Nakayama A, et al. Selection of quantum dot wavelengths for biomedical assays and imaging. Mol Imaging 2003; 2: 5064.
[15]
Mattoussi H, Kuno MK, Goldman ER, et al. Colloidal semiconductor quantum dot conjugates in biosensing. In Optical Biosensors: Present and Future; Elsevier: Amsterdam, Netherlands 2002; pp. 537-69.
[16]
Peng ZA, Peng X. Formation of high-quality CdTe, CdSe, and CdSnanocrystals using CdO as precursor. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123: 183-4.
[17]
Murray CB, Norris DJ, Bawendi MG. Synthesis and characterization of nearly monodisperseCdE (E = sul- fur, selenium, tellurium) semiconductor nanocrystal- lites. J Am Chem Soc 1993; 115: 8706-15.
[18]
Yin Y, Xu X, Ge X, et al. Synthesis and characterization of ZnS colloidal particles via gamma-radiation. Radiat Phys Chem 1999; 55: 353-6.
[19]
Dunstan DE, Hagfeld A, Almgren M, et al. Importance of surface reactions in the photochemistry of zinc sulphide colloids. Phys Chem 1990; 94: 6797-804.
[20]
Yadong Y, Xiangling X, Xuewa G, et al. Synthesis and characterization of ZnS colloidal particles via γ- radiation. Radiat Phys Chem 1999; 55: 353-6.
[21]
Tu W, Liu H. Rapid synthesis of nanoscale colloidal metal clusters by microwave irradiation. Mater Chem 2000; 10: 2207-11.
[22]
Tsuji M, Hashimoto M, Nishizawa Y, et al. Micro- wave assisted synthesis of metallic nanostructures in solution. Chem Eur J 2005; 11: 440-52.
[23]
Liu LZ, Ling YX, Lee YJ, et al. Physical and electro- chemical characterizations of microwave-assisted polyol preparation of carbon-supported PtRu nanoparticles. Lamgmuir 2004; 20: 181-7.
[24]
Grieser F, Furlong N, Scoberg D, et al. Size quantised semiconductor cadmium chalcogenide particles in Langmuir- Blodgett films. Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1992; 88: 2207-14.
[26]
Feldmann C, Metzmacher C. Polyol mediated synthesis of nanoscale MS particles (M=Zn, Cd, Hg). Mater Chem 2001; 11: 2603-6.
[27]
Feldmann C. Polyol-mediated synthesis of nanoscale functional materials. Solid State Sci 2005; 7: 868-73.
[28]
Lifshitz E, Dag I, Litvin I, et al. Optical properties of CdSe nanoparicels films prepared by chemical deposi- tion and sol-gel methods. Science 1998; 288: 188-96.
[29]
Harris DC. 1991. Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 3rd edition (p. 86). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. Hench LL, West JK. 1990.
[30]
Gao X, Cui Y, Levenson RM, et al. In vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dots. Nat Biotechnol 2004; 22: 969-76.
[31]
Peng X, Schlamp MC, Kadavanich AV, et al. Epitaxial growth of highly luminescent CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals with photostability and electronic accessibility. J Am Chem Soc 1997; 119: 7019-29.
[32]
Chan WCW, Nie SM. Quantum dot bio conjugates for ultrasensitive non isotopic detection. Science 1998; 281: 2016-8.
[33]
Wu XY, Liu H, Liu J, et al. Immuno fluorescent labelling of cancer marker Her2 and other cellular targets with semiconductor QDs. Nat Biotechnol 2003; 21: 41-6.
[34]
Lee SW, Mao C, Flynn EC, Belcher MA. Ordering of quantum dots using genetically engineered viruses. Science 2002; 296: 892-5.
[35]
Koshman YE, Waters SB, Walker LA, et al. Delivery and visualization of proteins conjugated to quantum dots in cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 45: 853-6.
[36]
Patil SD, Rhodes DG, Burgess DJ. DNA-based therapeutics and DNA delivery systems: a comprehensive review. AAPS J 2005; 7: 61-77.
[37]
Rizk T, Montero-Menei C, Jollivet C, et al. Pitfalls in the detection of lipid vectors in neural cell culture and in brain tissue. J Biomed Mater Res A 2004; 68: 360-4.
[38]
Kang EC, Kataoka OK, Nagasaki Y. Preparation of water-soluble PEGylated semiconductor nanocrystals. Chem Lett 2004; 33: 840-1.
[39]
Uyeda HT, Medintz IL, Jaiswal JK, et al. Synthesis of compact multidentate ligands to prepare stable hydro- philic quantum dot fluorophores. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127: 3870-8.
[40]
Dey NS, Rao MB. Quantum dot: novel carrier for drug delivery. Int J Res Pharm Biomed Sci 2011; 2: 448-58.
[41]
Sonvico F, Dubernet C, Colombo P, Couvreur P. Metallic colloid nano- technology applications in diagnosis and therapeutics. Curr Pharm Des 2005; 11: 2091-105.
[42]
Jamiesona T, Bakhshi R, Petrovaa D, et al. Biological applications of quantum dots. Biomaterials 2007; 28: 4717-32.
[43]
Muthusankar G, Sangili A, Chen SM, et al. In situ assembly of sulfur-doped carbon quantum dots surrounded iron(III) oxide nanocompo- site; a novel electrocatalyst for highly sensitive detection of antipsychotic drug olanzapine. J Mol Liq 2018; 268: 471-80.
[44]
Modani SH, Kharwade ME, Nijhawan MO. Quantum dots: a novelty of medical field with multiple applica- tions. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2013; 5(4): 55-9.
[45]
Oliveira E, Santos HM, Jorge S, et al. Sustainable synthesis of luminescent CdTe quantum dots coated with modified silica mesoporous nanoparticles: towards new protein scavengers and smart drug delivery carriers. Dyes Pigm 2019; 161: 360-9.
[46]
Kim MW, Jeong HY, Kang SJ, et al. Cancer-targeted nucleic acid delivery and quantum dot imaging using EGF receptor aptamer-conjugated lipid nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7(1): 9474.
[47]
Akerman ME, Chan WCW, Laak KP. Nano crystal targeting in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2002; 2: 198-210.
[48]
Baoquan S, Xie W, Guangshun Y. Micro miniaturied immunoassays using quantum dots as fluorescent la- bel by laser confocal scanning fluorescence detection. J of Immunol Methods 2001; 249: 85-9.
[50]
Pathak S, Cao E, Davidson MC, et al. Quantum dot applications to neuroscience: new tools for probing neurons and glia. J Neurosci 2006; 26(7): 1893-5.
[51]
Walters R, Medintz IL, Delehanty JB, et al. The role of negative charge in the delivery of quantum dots to neurons. ASN Neuro 2015; 7(4): 1-12.
[52]
Cheki M, Moslehi M, Assadi M. Marvellous applications of quantum dots. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17: 1141-8.
[53]
Zhao MX, Zhu BJ. The research and applications of quantum dots as nano-carriers for targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy. Nano scale Res Let 2016; 11(1): 207.
[54]
Zrazhevskiy P, Sena M, Gao X. Designing multifunctional quantum dots for bioimaging, detection, and drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39: 4326-54.
[55]
Zrazhevskiy P, Gao X. Multifunctional quantum dots for personalized medicine. Nano Today 2009; 4: 414-28.
[56]
Zhu HY, Zhu JP, Xie AM, et al. Visible quantum-dot- based targeted siRNA delivery for HIF-1α gene silencing. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014; 24(5): 445-51.
[57]
Zhang H, Yee D, Wang C. Quantum dots for cancer diagnosis and therapy: biological and clinical perspectives. Nanomedicin 2008; 3: 83-91.
[58]
Hoshino A, Hanaki K, Suzuki K, Yamamoto K. Applications of T-lymphoma labeled with fluorescent quantum dots to cell tracing markers in mouse body. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 314: 46-53.
[59]
Hoshino A, Fujioka K, Oku T, et al. Physiochemical properties and cellular toxicity of nanocrystal quantum dots depend on their surface modification. Nano Lett 2004; 4: 2163-9.
[60]
Lovric J, Bazzi HS, Cuie Y, et al. Differences in sub- cellular distribution and toxicity of green and red emitting CdTe quantum dots. J Mol Med 2005; 83: 377-85.
[61]
Zhang LW, Yu WW, Colvin VL, et al. Biological interactions of quantum dot nanoparticles in skin and in human epidermal keratinocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 228: 200-11.
[62]
Zhang H, Yee D, Wang C. Quantum dots for cancer diagnosis and therapy: biological and clinical perspectives. Nanomedicine 2008; 3: 83-91.
[63]
Juzenas P, Chen W, Sun YP, et al. Quantum dots and nanoparticles for photodynamic and radiation thera- pies of cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60: 1600-14.
[64]
Bardajee GR, Bayat M, Nasri S, et al. pH-Responsive fluorescent dye-labeled metal-chelating polymer with embedded cadmium telluride quantum dots for controlled drug release of doxorubicin. React Funct Polym 2018; 133: 45-56.
Related Journals
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Current Bioactive Compounds
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews
Current Diabetes Reviews
Current Drug Safety
Current Drug Targets
Current Drug Therapy
Related Books
Anthocyanins: Pharmacology and Nutraceutical Importance
Nanotechnology: A Quick Guide to Materials and Technologies
The Roles and Responsibilities of Clinical Pharmacists in Hospital Settings
Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy and Chemoprevention
Recent Advancements in Multidimensional Applications of Nanotechnology
Thin Film Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Innovative Energy Applications
Advanced Materials and Nano Systems: Theory and Experiment (Part 3)
Nanoelectronic Devices and Applications
Drug Addiction Mechanisms in the Brain
Software and Programming Tools in Pharmaceutical Research
Article Metrics
31
5
1