Abstract
Aryl-aryl bond formation is one of the most important tools in modern organic synthesis. Therefore, there is a high level of interest to develop green, effective reaction system to obtain biaryls. This review summarized the recent advances in the metal-catalyzed Ullmann reaction in which the aryl-aryl bond was formed directly. Furthermore, different types of catalytic mechanisms, especially the surface reaction, have been summarized to help the design of the catalyst.
Keywords: Aryl-aryl bond, biaryl skeletons, catalyst, graphene-based materials, metal-catalyzed synthesis, Ullman reaction.
Graphical Abstract
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