Antimicrobial Peptides: Amphibian Host Defense Peptides

doi:10.2174/0929867325666180713125314
摘要

抗菌肽（AMPs）是先天免疫系统中最常见的成分之一，可保护多细胞生物免受微生物侵袭。绝大多数AMPs是从蛙皮中分离出来的。 Anuran（青蛙和蟾蜍）皮肤含有丰富的AMP，可以通过治疗来开发。这样的肽是独特但多样的分子组。通常，超过50％的氨基酸残基形成分子的疏水部分。通常，没有保守的结构基序负责活性，尽管由于存在多个赖氨酸残基，绝大多数AMPs是阳离子的。这种阳离子性与抗菌活性密切相关。值得注意的是，最近的证据表明，在蛙皮中合成AMPs可以赋予特定物种以优势，尽管它们对生存并不是必需的。青蛙皮肤的AMP通过渗透和破坏质膜并使细胞内靶失活，从而对抗生素抗性细菌，原生动物，酵母和真菌发挥有效作用。重要的是，由于它们不与特异性受体结合，因此AMPs不太可能诱导耐药机制。当前，最著名的两栖动物AMP是七叶草素，brevinins，ranacyclins，ranatuerins，nigrocin-2，magainins，dermaseptins，bombinins，temporins和japonicins-1和-2以及palustrin-2。这篇综述着重于这些青蛙皮肤的AMP及其抗菌活性的潜在机制。我们希望这次审查将提供进一步的信息，以促进对AMPs的进一步研究，并为新型和更安全的杀菌剂提供新的思路。
关键词: 抗菌肽（AMPs），抗菌，两栖防御肽，七叶草素，短纤维蛋白，雷纳环素，拉那豆素。
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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180713125314	Print ISSN 0929-8673
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-533X
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