Lipid Oxidation Products in the Pathogenesis of Inflammation-related Gut Diseases

Title:Lipid Oxidation Products in the Pathogenesis of Inflammation-related Gut Diseases

Volume: 25 Issue: 11

Author(s): Barbara Sottero, Daniela Rossin, Giuseppe Poli and Fiorella Biasi*

Affiliation:

• Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin),Italy

Keywords: Gut, intestinal bowel disease, acrolein, isoprostanes, 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, oxysterols, polyphenols.

Abstract: Background: A defective mucosal barrier function is the principal cause of the uncontrolled onset and progression of a number of human inflammatory gut diseases, most of which are characterized by chronic intermittent immune and inflammatory responses leading to structural intestinal damage, which can represent a potential risk for colorectal cancer development.

During the active disease phase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and the induction of oxidative reactions by activated leukocytes and epithelial cells represent the main event in the intestinal inflammation.

Objective: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of intestinal damage. Indeed reactive oxygen species and their oxidized by-products regulate redox-sensitive signaling pathways and transcription factors, which sustain inflammation within the intestinal layer.

Methods: Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol are the principal targets of oxidative modifications.

These lipids, which are cell membrane constituents or are present in food, readily undergo non-enzymatic oxidation to form chemically-reactive species that can induce a wide range of biological effects including inflammation, programmed cell death, and proliferation.

Results and Conclusions: In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of lipid oxidation products in regulating redox pathways involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation- related gut diseases. In particular, lipid peroxidation end products, such as isoprostanes and aldehydes, and cholesterol oxidation-derived oxysterols are taken into consideration.

The control of oxidative damage and consequently tissue local over-production of lipid oxidation products by using specific antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules in the diet may have clinical and therapeutic benefits.

Cite this article as:

Sottero Barbara , Rossin Daniela , Poli Giuseppe and Biasi Fiorella *, Lipid Oxidation Products in the Pathogenesis of Inflammation-related Gut Diseases, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (11) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170619104105