RAAS Inhibition and Renal Protection

Leoncini      Giovanna; Viazzi      Francesca; Pontremoli      Roberto

doi:10.2174/138161212799436520

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease has become a major public health problem worldwide mainly as a consequence of the emerging epidemic of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. It is currently estimated that nearly 15% of the general population has some degree of renal damage, a figure that reaches 50% in at-risk subgroups. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors represent the agents of choice to control hypertension and reduce urinary albumin excretion, thereby delaying renal function deterioration. Greater blockade of the RAAS either by the combined use of multiple drugs or by supramaximal doses of single agents may provide greater renal protection. Furthermore, it has been proposed especially in the presence of proteinuria. However, at this time there is insufficient evidence to routinely recommend this therapeutic approach in patients with chronic kidney disease. The present article examines the currently available evidence and practical implications of pharmacological disruption of RAAS activity for renal protection.

Keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, antihypertensive treatment, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, progression, proteinuria, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, diabetes, urinary albumin