Microwave-Assisted Organic Reduction Reactions

Christine      Schmoger; Achim      Stolle; Werner      Bonrath; Bernd      Ondruschka

doi:10.2174/138527211793979808

Abstract

The present review covers the topic of microwave-assisted reduction of organic compounds including catalytic (metalcatalyzed hydrogenation, catalytic transfer hydrogenation) and stochiometric reactions (ionic and transfer hydrogenation). The article is subcategorized with respect to the different functionalities which so far have been subjected to reduction: C-C multiple bonds, carbonyls, N-containing functional groups, aromatics and heteroaromatics, reductive deprotection strategies, and miscellaneous reactions like dehalogenation or hydrogen-deuterium exchange.

Keywords: Enantioselective hydrogenation, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, ionic hydrogenation, microwave irradiation, transfer hydrogenation, Reduction Reactions, metal-catalyzed hydrogenation, catalytic transfer hydrogenation, stochiometric reactions, microwave chemistry, condensations, cycliza-tions, oxidations, synthetic chemistry, natural product syntheses, fine chemistry, Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reaction, homogenous (e.g. Wilkinson catalyst), heterogeneous (e.g. Pd/C, Pd/Al2O3), diformic acid salt, tetramethyl-ethylenediamine (TMEDA), formic acid, triethylamine (NEt3), [HCOO][NHEt3], diimine, chemoselective, unsaturated moieties (e.g. carbonyl groups), cinnamyl-derivatives, chalcones, chemose-lectivity, rasp-berry ketone, Amberlit, triethylammonium formate, N-butyl-N-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, camphes-terol, sitosterol, charcoal, Stryker's reagent, hydrosilylation, stereoselective synthesis, Burk's catalyst, QRS (Quartz-Reactor-System), stoichiometric amounts, Meer-wein-Ponndorf-Verley-reduction (MPV-Reduction), acetophenone, hydrogen acceptor, esterification, deuterated hydride, 1H NMR-spectra, chiral diamines, asymmetric reduction, enanti-omeric ratio, Bechamp-reduction, p-nitro-o-chlorobenzaldehydoxime, p-fluoro-m-chloronitrobenzene, TpI2 kinase inhibitors, NH4Cl + Fe as reductant-systems, Imatinib, nucleo-philic, electrophilic substitution, ambient pressure, lactone, cyclic io-donium, ND-functionalization, p-alkoxylated ben-zonitriles, Eschweiler-Clarke methylation, in situ imine-formation, dioxo-lan, pipecolinic acid, N-Deprotection, N-PMB (p-methoxybenzoyl), O-Bn-Deprotection, Raney-Ni, carpetimycin, azetidine, Wolff, –, Kishner reduction, Huang-Minlon modification, furanoid sugar-aza-crown ethers, Dehalogenation, CEM Voyager, Cannizzaro Reaction, scavenger