Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade-IV astrocytoma, which is the most common and aggressive type of brain tumor, spreads rapidly and has a life-threatening catastrophic effect. GBM mostly occurs in adults with an average survival time of 15 to 18 months, and the overall mortality rate is 5%. Significant invasion and drug resistance activity cause the poor diagnosis of GBM. Naringenin (NRG) is a plant secondary metabolite byproduct of the flavanone subgroup. NRG can cross the blood-brain barrier and deliver drugs into the central nervous system when conjugated with appropriate nanocarriers to overcome the challenges associated with gliomas through naringenin-loaded nanoformulations. Here, we discuss several nanocarriers employed that are as delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanosuspensions, and nanoemulsions. These naringenin-loaded nanoformulations have been tested in various in vitro and in vivo models as a potential treatment for brain disorders. This review nanoformulations of NRG can a possible therapeutic alternative for the treatment of neurological diseases are discussed.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41984-021-00118-w]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.25467] [PMID: 29930746]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9110690] [PMID: 31684142]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06641-1] [PMID: 34427888]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00494] [PMID: 32581676]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14010116] [PMID: 35057010]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/16.CJON.S1.2-8] [PMID: 27668386]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11010028] [PMID: 30597838]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2015.07.014] [PMID: 26408079]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.066] [PMID: 30391464]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2004.07.005]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13020291] [PMID: 33672366]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18754-6] [PMID: 35119637]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201019666180514170122] [PMID: 29766801]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800018-2.00020-0]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-398456-2.00047-5]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121784] [PMID: 33339267]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.3531] [PMID: 26053258]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000000325] [PMID: 26421421]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.042] [PMID: 28322845]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v24.i16.1679] [PMID: 29713125]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112442] [PMID: 35062053]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa106] [PMID: 32879962]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-022-04389-1] [PMID: 35184257]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020457] [PMID: 32059369]
[PMID: 30391464]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040718] [PMID: 32290154]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5093367] [PMID: 23989753]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/162750]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.136051] [PMID: 27881391]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bionut.2010.06.001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612828666220729104433] [PMID: 35909283]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2018-0521] [PMID: 31544490]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112701] [PMID: 34828981]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2003.12.016] [PMID: 15207256]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09522] [PMID: 20944627]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2013.07.001] [PMID: 23968694]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.13412] [PMID: 26277326]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn1824] [PMID: 16371949]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015908785777210] [PMID: 19506719]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2015.1129476] [PMID: 27141418]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-003-0810-2] [PMID: 14730455]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.153.3.543] [PMID: 11331305]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/not002] [PMID: 23460322]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nov164] [PMID: 26359209]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NEN.0b013e31816fd622] [PMID: 18431253]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S79592] [PMID: 25926719]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nov119] [PMID: 26203067]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41389-017-0011-9] [PMID: 29362402]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01805-2016] [PMID: 28679607]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.38147]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5732/cjc.013.10207] [PMID: 24384238]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090860] [PMID: 32927610]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.034] [PMID: 24120142]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-1010] [PMID: 16912155]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00506] [PMID: 31263678]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdv127] [PMID: 25732040]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/now113] [PMID: 27286795]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4389] [PMID: 26143636]
[PMID: 14522905]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-4269] [PMID: 21788346]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr3781] [PMID: 31143308]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000994] [PMID: 34581301]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells6040045] [PMID: 29165393]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41420-019-0227-x] [PMID: 31815002]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.200390] [PMID: 33906413]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2012.126] [PMID: 22929442]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.21189] [PMID: 17265466]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa043330] [PMID: 15758009]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13311-022-01228-5] [PMID: 35391662]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.008] [PMID: 29753958]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2022.2154409] [PMID: 36597214]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120645] [PMID: 33915182]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D1BM01398J] [PMID: 34710207]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v7i3.14693]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/oxim.2.5.9498] [PMID: 20716914]
[PMID: 18996871]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.6.G1148] [PMID: 11093936]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.048] [PMID: 16289744]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.05.026]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.09.009] [PMID: 14592471]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120752]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11655-011-0644-z] [PMID: 21660680]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1955285] [PMID: 34739306]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1503264] [PMID: 30398375]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.022] [PMID: 31005717]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1173] [PMID: 18239068]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3994] [PMID: 28352360]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.03.060] [PMID: 20230793]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1216131] [PMID: 27564838]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules16021471] [PMID: 21311414]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2007.01.006] [PMID: 17289242]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-9983-9]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12934-018-0879-x] [PMID: 29506528]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.918772] [PMID: 31901198]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.22677] [PMID: 30431227]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11030350] [PMID: 33669097]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5517] [PMID: 26560814]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2014.951732] [PMID: 25256786]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2015.12.011] [PMID: 26721195]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2016.07.012] [PMID: 27417253]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.010] [PMID: 23987422]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1679085] [PMID: 31650849]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2020.102153] [PMID: 32289738]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.04.002]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.020] [PMID: 34695522]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.055] [PMID: 29677547]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111461] [PMID: 33706131]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120609] [PMID: 35526592]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10637-020-00979-2] [PMID: 32767162]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9100275] [PMID: 31618942]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1735-5362.235156] [PMID: 30065762]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.190] [PMID: 30001606]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.065]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.008] [PMID: 31889876]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01081] [PMID: 33405831]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4024/N27KA19A.ntp.18.01]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12799] [PMID: 28636787]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00180-1] [PMID: 12176234]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.01.007] [PMID: 21266197]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.001] [PMID: 23333302]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics5010036] [PMID: 24300396]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfm279] [PMID: 18300382]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2011.00033] [PMID: 21772821]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1001925] [PMID: 20483702]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.005] [PMID: 23165187]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.284]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2016.1244187] [PMID: 27730820]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00280-017-3247-3]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100365]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btm2.10600]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abb3945]