Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Drug Therapy

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1574-8855
ISSN (Online): 2212-3903

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Inclusive Exploration of Harmonizing and Alternative Treatments for Hypothyroidism

Author(s): Jaspreet Lagah, Rashmi Saxena Pal*, Motamarri Venkata Naga Lalitha Chaitanya, Yogendra Pal and Sonia Morya

Volume 19, Issue 7, 2024

Published on: 28 November, 2023

Page: [780 - 793] Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/0115748855276876231114074145

Price: $65

Abstract

A clinical syndrome known as hypothyroidism occurs due to a shortage of thyroid hormone as a result of decreased production, abnormal distribution, or no action of thyroid hormones. The most typical clinical symptoms included are dry skin, hair loss, weight gain, painful-prolonged periods, infertility, balance problems, slow speech, bradycardia, hypothermia, fatigue, anxiety & depression, joint pain, and indigestion. Basically, age, gender, the severity of the ailment, and a few other factors affect the various signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism. The limitations of allopathic modalities necessitate the investigation of alternative treatment options. Future healthcare initiatives for the poor world will increasingly depend on CAM approaches to these concerns because lifestyle, diet, obesity, lack of exercise, and stress are significant contributing factors to the development of hypothyroidism. This review's objective is to provide information on herbs as well as complementary and alternative medications which are grouped into five major domains: Biologically Based therapies, Manipulative body-based therapies, Mind body-based therapies, and the whole Medical system. These have traditionally been used to treat thyroid dysfunction. The distribution of diseases in emerging nations is altering as a result of globalization. Hence the existing and potential roles of CAM techniques in the general practice of medicine are illustrated in these approaches. Scientists are being compelled to consider traditional herbal medical treatments and CAM therapy in order to combat adverse medication occurrences, high treatment costs, and compliance problems thus described in this review paper.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Duntas LH, Yen PM. Diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in the elderly. Endocrine 2019; 66(1): 63-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-02067-9] [PMID: 31482381]
[2]
Taylor PN, Albrecht D, Scholz A, et al. Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14(5): 301-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2018.18] [PMID: 29569622]
[3]
Bornikowska K, Gietka-Czernel M, Raczkiewicz D, Glinicki P, Zgliczyński W. Improvements in quality of life and thyroid parameters in hypothyroid patients on ethanol-free formula of liquid levothyroxine therapy in comparison to tablet LT4 form: An observational study. J Clin Med 2021; 10(22): 5233.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10225233] [PMID: 34830515]
[4]
Loh HH, Lim LL, Yee A, Loh HS. Association between subclinical hypothyroidism and depression: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19(1): 12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-2006-2] [PMID: 30621645]
[5]
Davis MG, Phillippi JC. Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and evidence‐based treatment. J Midwifery Womens Health 2022; 67(3): 394-7.
[6]
Ni W, Zhang M, Wang X, et al. Age-specific serum thyrotropin reference range for the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism and its association with lipid profiles in the elderly population. Sci Rep 2022; 12(1): 20872.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24182-w]
[7]
Salazar P, Cisternas P, Martinez M, Inestrosa NC. Hypothyroidism and cognitive disorders during development and adulthood: Implications in the central nervous system. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56(4): 2952-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1270-y] [PMID: 30073507]
[8]
Uthayaseelan K, Kadari M, Subhan M, et al. Congenital anomalies in infant with congenital hypothyroidism: A review of pathogenesis, diagnostic options, and management protocols. Cureus 2022; 14(5): e24669.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.24669] [PMID: 35663669]
[9]
Biondi B, Cooper DS. Thyroid hormone therapy for hypothyroidism. Endocrine 2019; 66(1): 18-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-02023-7] [PMID: 31372822]
[10]
Hughes K, Eastman C. Thyroid disease: Long-term management of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Aust J Gen Pract 2021; 50(1-2): 36-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31128/AJGP-09-20-5653] [PMID: 33543160]
[11]
Singh B, Sundar S, Shukla A. Herbal medicines for thyroid diseases.In: Treating Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders With Herbal Medicines. IGI Global 2021; pp. 256-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4808-0.ch011]
[12]
A study of clinical profile of types of anemia in primary hypothyroidism
[13]
Talebi S, Ghaedi E, Sadeghi E, et al. Trace element status and hypothyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197(1): 1-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01963-5] [PMID: 31820354]
[14]
Caimari F, Keddie S, Lunn MP, D’Sa S, Baldeweg SE. Prevalence and course of endocrinopathy in POEMS syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104(6): 2140-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-01516] [PMID: 30239770]
[15]
Giorda CB, Carnà P, Romeo F, Costa G, Tartaglino B, Gnavi R. Prevalence, incidence and associated comorbidities of treated hypothyroidism: An update from a European population. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176(5): 533-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-16-0559]
[16]
Habib A, Shojazadeh A, Molayemat M, et al. Prevalence and predictive factors of transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism in Fars province, Iran. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21(1): 264.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02729-6] [PMID: 34090374]
[17]
Churilov LP, Sobolevskaia PA, Stroev YI. Thyroid gland and brain: Enigma of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 33(6): 101364.
[18]
Jin HY. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in obese children or adolescents and association between thyroid hormone and the components of metabolic syndrome. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54(9): 975-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13926] [PMID: 29768692]
[19]
Bridwell RE, Willis GC, Gottlieb M, Koyfman A, Long B. Decompensated hypothyroidism: A review for the emergency clinician. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 39(39): 207-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.09.062] [PMID: 33039222]
[20]
Christian N, Rhodes MA, Adams CS, Bragg S. Thyroid and parathyroid conditions: Hypothyroidism. FP Essent 2022; 514(514): 18-23.
[PMID: 35235282]
[21]
Alam MA, Quamri MA, Sofi G, Ansari S. Update of hypothyroidism and its management in Unani medicine. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32(2): 1-0.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0121]
[22]
Dwyer JB, Aftab A, Radhakrishnan R, et al. Hormonal treatments for major depressive disorder: State of the art. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177(8): 686-705.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19080848]
[23]
Chiovato L, Magri F, Carlé A. Hypothyroidism in context: Where we’ve been and where we’re going. Adv Ther 2019; 36(S2): 47-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-01080-8] [PMID: 31485975]
[24]
López-Muñoz E, Mateos-Sánchez L, Mejía-Terrazas GE, Bedwell-Cordero SE. Hypothyroidism and isolated hypothyroxinemia in pregnancy, from physiology to the clinic. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58(6): 757-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2019.09.005]
[25]
Dv KV, Kundoor N, Bashetti S, Rayaprolu P. Altered lipid profile in hypothyroidism: Abiochemical viewpoint. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018; 11(7): 64-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i7.24277]
[26]
Garla VV, Cardozo LL, Lien LF. Thyroid Disease and Reproduction. Springer 2018.
[27]
Gosi SK, Garla VV. Subclinical hypothyroidism.In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing 2021.
[28]
Ekor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: Issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharmacol 2014; 10(4): 177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00177]
[29]
Das S. A review on thyroprotective plants. Int J Fundam Appl Sci 2021; 7(1): 59-63.
[30]
Welz AN, Emberger-Klein A, Menrad K. Why people use herbal medicine: Insights from a focus-group study in Germany. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018; 18(1): 92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2160-6] [PMID: 29544493]
[31]
Paudel N, Dahal A, Shah B, Maharjan S. Ayurvedic Interventions in Hypothyroidism – A Review. Healer 2021; 2(2): 81-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.51649/healer.72]
[32]
Anwaar M, Hafiz MFR, Jabeen Q. Insight into therapeutic role of plant-derived medicines in thyroid dysfunction. Am J Biomed Sci & Res 2021; 12(6)
[33]
Krutika J, Tavhare S, Panara K, Kumar P, Karra N. Studies of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera dunal). Int J Pharm Biol Arch 2016; 7(1): 1-1.
[34]
Sharma AK, Basu I, Singh S. Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in subclinical hypothyroid patients: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 24(3): 243-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2017.0183]
[35]
Hosny EN, El-Gizawy MM, Sawie HG, Abdel-Wahhab KG, Khadrawy YA. Neuroprotective effect of ashwagandha extract against the neurochemical changes induced in rat model of hypothyroidism. J Diet Suppl 2021; 18(1): 72-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2020.1713959]
[36]
Alam MA, Quamri MA. Herbal preparations in the management of hypothyroidism in Unani medicine. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 35(3)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dmpt-2020-0123]
[37]
Kunnumakkara AB, Banik K, Bordoloi D, et al. Googling the Guggul (Commiphora and Boswellia) for prevention of chronic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 6(9): 686.
[38]
Tomar R, Kaur G, Sannd R, Singh H, Sarkar B. A review on guggulu formulations used in Ayurveda. Annals Ayurvedic Med 2014; 3: 96-113.
[39]
Ragavi R, Surendran SA. Commiphora mukul: An Overview. Res J Pharm Technol 2018; 11(7): 3205-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00589.9]
[40]
Panthi S, Gao T. Diagnosis and management of primary hypothyroidism in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Traditional Indian Medicine (Ayurveda). Int J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 1(1): 009.
[41]
Kulbat-Warycha K, Oracz J, Żyżelewicz D. Bioactive properties of extracts from plectranthus barbatus (coleus forskohlii) roots received using various extraction methods. Molecules 2022; 27(24): 8986.
[42]
Behera B. Recent advances in research on plant drugs for hypothyroidism. J Ayurveda Phy Sci 2017; 4(2)
[43]
Prachee F. A review on application of medicinal plants in hypothyroidism Doctoral dissertation, Brac University
[44]
Kala CP. MEDICINAL PLANTS OF. SOUTH ASIA 2019; 14: 135.
[45]
Joshi MA. Plectranthus Barbatus Syn. Coleus Forskohlii: The Plant with Dynamic Medicinal Potential. Medicinal Plant Treasures of India: 1
[46]
Shahana S, Nikalje AP, Nikalje G. A brief review on Bauhinia variegata: Phytochemistry, antidiabetic and antioxidant potential. Am J Pharmtech Res 2017; 7: 186-97.
[47]
Khare P, Kishore K, Sharma DK. Historical aspects, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological review of bauhinia variegata. Asian J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 4(5): 546-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31024/ajpp.2018.4.5.3]
[48]
Kumari I, Kaurav H, Choudhary G. An ornamental Plant with significant value in Ayurvedic and Folk Medicinal system. Himal J Health Sci 2021; 6: 1-6.
[49]
Alisha RP, Haider A. Seaweed: Nutritional and health benefits. Pharm Innov J 2019; 8: 80-3.
[50]
Catarino MD, Silva AM, Cardoso SM. Phycochemical constituents and biological activities of Fucus spp. Mar Drugs 2018; 16(8): 249.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16080249]
[51]
El-Mansy GM, Salem ZA. Role of fucus vesiculosusl. alga in promoting thyroid function in experimental rats. Egypt J Nutr 2022; 37(1): 101-44.
[52]
Al-Hamdany DM, Saleh HS, Faris SA. Preservation of chemotherapy-affected thyroid gland by herbal products-iodine rich fraction. J Sci Educ Technol 2019; 9(1): 169-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq.jceps.09.01.17]
[53]
Vigneshwar R, Arivalagan A, Palanivel M. Thyrogenic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) on experimental hypothyroidism in rats. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2021; 10(1): 454-8.
[54]
Dubey T, Chinnathambi S. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): An ayurvedic herb against the Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 676: 108153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2019.108153] [PMID: 31622587]
[55]
Mathur D, Goyal K, Koul V, Anand A. The molecular links of re-emerging therapy: A review of evidence of Brahmi (Bacopa monniera). Front Pharmacol 2016; 4(7): 44.
[56]
Barcan R. Complementary and alternative medicine: bodies, therapies, senses. Routledge 2020; p. 26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003084990]
[57]
Ng JY, Mohiuddin U. Quality of complementary and alternative medicine recommendations in low back pain guidelines: a systematic review. Eur Spine J 2020; 29(8): 1833-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-020-06393-9] [PMID: 32236685]
[58]
Fjær EL, Landet ER, McNamara CL, Eikemo TA. The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in Europe. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20(1): 1-9.
[59]
Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health: What’s In a Name? National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health US Department of Health and Human Services 2019. Available from: https://nccih.nih.gov/health/integrative-health
[60]
Complementary And Alternative Medicine Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam (Accessed on: 21 January 2023).
[61]
Trkulja V, Barić H. Current research on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the treatment of anxiety disorders: An evidence-based review. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020; 1191: 415-49.
[62]
Benvenga S, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Bonofiglio D, Asamoah E. Current research on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the treatment of anxiety disorders: An evidence-based review. Nutrients 2019; 11(9): 2214.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092214]
[63]
McGregor B. The role of selenium in thyroid autoimmunity: A review. J Restor Med 2015; 4: 83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14200/jrm.2015.4.0102]
[64]
Ventura M, Melo M, Carrilho F. Selenium and thyroid disease: From pathophysiology to treatment. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017: 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1297658] [PMID: 28255299]
[65]
Healthy Foods High in Selenium. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diet/foods-high-in-selenium#1
[66]
Rabbani E, Golgiri F, Janani L, et al. Randomized study of the effects of zinc, vitamin a, and magnesium co-supplementation on thyroid function, oxidative stress, and hs-CRP in patients with hypothyroidism. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199(11): 4074-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02548-3] [PMID: 33409923]
[67]
Arora M, Mahat RK, Kumar S, Mustafa I, Sah SP. Study of trace elements in patients of hypothyroidism with special reference to zinc and copper. Biomed J 2018; 2: 5.
[68]
Sangeetha VJ, Dutta S, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Zinc nutrition and human health: Overview and implications. eFood 2022; 3(5): e17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/efd2.17]
[69]
Toloza FJ, Motahari H, Maraka S. Consequences of severe iodine deficiency in pregnancy: Evidence in humans. Front Endocrinol 2020; 19(11): 409.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00409]
[70]
Liontiris MI, Mazokopakis EE. A concise review of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and the importance of iodine, selenium, vitamin D and gluten on the autoimmunity and dietary management of HT patients. Points that need more investigation. Hell J Nucl Med 2017; 20(1): 51-6.
[71]
Ma B, Yang P, Gao J, et al. Relationship of vitamin a and thyroid function in individuals with obesity and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Front Nutr 2022; 9: 824193.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.824193] [PMID: 35399676]
[72]
Appunni S, Rubens M, Ramamoorthy V, et al. Association between vitamin D deficiency and hypothyroidism: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21(1): 224.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00897-1] [PMID: 34772378]
[73]
Ashok T, Palyam V, Azam AT, et al. Relationship between vitamin D and thyroid: An enigma. Cureus 2022; 14(1): e21069.
[74]
Benvenga S, Ferrari SM, Elia G, et al. Nutraceuticals in thyroidology: A review of in vitro, and in vivo animal studies. Nutrients 2020; 12(5): 1337.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051337] [PMID: 32397091]
[75]
Gonçalves CF, De Freitas ML, Ferreira AC. Flavonoids, thyroid iodide uptake and thyroid cancer—a review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18(6): 1247.
[76]
Huang Y, Cai L, Zheng Y, et al. Association between lifestyle and thyroid dysfunction: A cross-sectional epidemiologic study in the She ethnic minority group of Fujian Province in China. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19(1): 83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12902-019-0414-z] [PMID: 31362731]
[77]
Wu K, Zhou Y, Ke S, et al. Lifestyle is associated with thyroid function in subclinical hypothyroidism: A cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21(1): 112.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00772-z] [PMID: 34049544]
[78]
Chu SW, Ng WJ, Yeam CT, et al. Manipulative and body-based methods in chronic kidney disease patients: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 48: 101593.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101593]
[79]
Ernst E. The safety of massage therapy. Rheumatology 2003; 42(9): 1101-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keg306]
[80]
Cheng FK. An overview of the contribution of acupuncture to thyroid disorders. J Integr Med 2018; 16(6): 375-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2018.09.002]
[81]
Arsovska B, Zhu J. Thyroid disorder: Treatment with acupuncture. Int J Sci Res 2017; 3(7): 227-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20173095]
[82]
Nair PM, Jyothi N. Role of acupuncture and fire cupping in reducing the thyroxine dose and improving the thyroid function in hypothyroidism patients: A case series. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2021; 14(5): 200-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.51507/j.jams.2021.14.5.200]
[83]
Arsovska B, Zhu J, Kozovska K. Case report: Acupuncture treatment for hypothyroidism. IJIR 2016; 2(5): 184-7.
[84]
Mooventhan A, Nivethitha L. Scientific evidence-based effects of hydrotherapy on various systems of the body. N Am J Med Sci 2014; 6(5): 199-209.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.132935] [PMID: 24926444]
[85]
Cheleschi S, Gallo I, Tenti S. A comprehensive analysis to understand the mechanism of action of balneotherapy: Why, how, and where they can be used? Evidence from in vitro studies performed on human and animal samples. Int J Biometeorol 2020; 64(7): 1247-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-01890-4] [PMID: 32200439]
[86]
Bansal A, Kaushik A, Singh CM, Sharma V, Singh H. The effect of regular physical exercise on the thyroid function of treated hypothyroid patients: An interventional study at a tertiary care center in Bastar region of India. Arch Med Health Sci 2015; 3(2): 244.
[87]
Ezzat W, Abd-El Hamid MS. Aerobic exercise mediated increase in BDNF expression ameliorates depression in propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism in adult rats. J Affect Disord 2021; 6: 100268.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100268]
[88]
Salehi A, Hashemi N, Imanieh MH, Saber M. Chiropractic: is it efficient in treatment of diseases? Review of systematic reviews. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery 2015; 3(4): 244-54.
[PMID: 26448951]
[89]
Correct Thyroid Dysfunction With Chiropractic Care. Available from: https://enlightenedchiropractic.com/blog/correct-thyroid-dysfunction-with-chiropractic-care
[90]
Dean Fuller DC, Brian Douts DC. Improved thyroid function following chiropractic care to reduce vertebral subluxation: A case study & review of the literature. J Vertebr Subluxat Res 2018; 2018: 57-67.
[91]
Embong NH, Soh YC, Ming LC, Wong TW. Perspectives on reflexology: A qualitative approach. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7(3): 327-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.08.008]
[92]
Embong NH, Soh YC, Ming LC, Wong TW. Revisiting reflexology: Concept, evidence, current practice, and practitioner training. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 5(4): 197-206.
[93]
Fogaça LZ, Portella CFS, Ghelman R, Abdala CVM, Schveitzer MC. Mind-Body therapies from traditional chinese medicine: Evidence map. Front Public Health 2021; 9: 659075.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.659075] [PMID: 34988045]
[94]
Venkatesh T, Ravikumar I. Development of a yoga module for hypothyroidism. J Clin Diagnostic Res 2021; 15(4)
[95]
Rani S, Maharana S, Metri KG, Bhargav H, Nagaratna R. Effect of yoga on depression in hypothyroidism: A pilot study. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11(4): 375-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.01.001]
[96]
Sharma H. Meditation: Process and effects. Ayu 2015; 36(3): 233-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.182756] [PMID: 27313408]
[97]
Pascoe MC, Thompson DR, Ski CF. Meditation and endocrine health and wellbeing. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31(7): 469-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.012]
[98]
Borrego-Jimenez PS, Flores-Fraile J, Padilla-Fernández BY, et al. Improvement in quality of life with pelvic floor muscle training and biofeedback in patients with painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis. J Clin Med 2021; 10(4): 862.
[99]
Häuser W, Hagl M, Schmierer A, Hansen E. The efficacy, safety and applications of medical hypnosis: A systematic review of meta-analyses. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016; 113(17): 289-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2016.0289] [PMID: 27173407]
[100]
Vinudha S. Efficacy of Ujjayi Pranayama on Hypothyroidism in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy