Abstract
The transition metal-catalyzed C-C and C-X (X=heteroatom) homo and crosscoupling reactions were pioneered as a momentous strategy for the total synthesis of natural products, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, etc. Among the various transition metal-catalyzed reactions, manganese catalysis held a distinctive identity owing to its earth-abundance and eco-friendliness apart from its unique characteristics. Despite having many synthetic advancements, exploiting manganese as a catalyst for coupling reactions has recently gained pivotal gravity. An in-depth comprehension of the molecular mechanism of the chemical reaction will provide further insight to optimize the reaction conditions. The mechanisms adopted by Mn-catalyzed couplings are found to differ from other first-row transition metal counterparts. Hence in this article, we provide the state-of-the-art on the detailed theoretical aspects of manganese-catalyzed carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-heteroatom (C-X; X=Si) coupling reactions.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D1QO00705J]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0QO01092H]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201101380] [PMID: 21717531]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.190303602174]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4CS00192C]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11008] [PMID: 22498623]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B814973A] [PMID: 20419215]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020214]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13030553]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.001] [PMID: 23956470]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2CC00146B] [PMID: 35593224]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cy20111a]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9517(02)00128-8]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202101880] [PMID: 34269488]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.55.1029]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3np70071b] [PMID: 24154547]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200900587]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2PY00139J]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.07.007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.6b00570] [PMID: 27129099]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om060605p]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2020.114869]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b711884h] [PMID: 17971973]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr9000786] [PMID: 20148539]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201404577] [PMID: 24889777]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(03)01174-2]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201704170] [PMID: 28960610]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01854a006]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200801539] [PMID: 18506862]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201901031]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201901389]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2019.11.001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202101804]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00219a054]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00018a068]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)99950-7]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201902180]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201801787]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ardp.201700251] [PMID: 29227011]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527346028]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00214-022-02910-9]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b907148b] [PMID: 19924312]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr980404y] [PMID: 11749240]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja075417k] [PMID: 17944469]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.04.029]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-1693(95)04648-8]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.197702991]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c01137] [PMID: 34123484]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.025]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41557-020-00589-8] [PMID: 33318674]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b11308]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0SC04896H] [PMID: 36299676]