Abstract
Background: An investigation of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) for a two-area, multi-source, interconnected power system under deregulation is presented in this article. For a more realistic approach, physical constraints namely Generation Rate Constraints (GRC) and Time Delay (TD) are incorporated into the system.
Objective: This article proposed a novel hybrid Improved Gravitational Search Algorithm – Binary Particle Search Optimization (IGSA-BPSO) optimized Fractional Order Proportional-Integral- Derivative (FOPID) controller to regulate the frequency of a multi-area multi-source (thermalhydro- gas) interconnected power system in a deregulated environment.
Methods: Integral Time Multiplied by Absolute Error (ITAE) is used as the objective function to be minimized by optimization techniques for getting optimum parameters of FOPID controllers installed in each area.
Results: To inspect the efficacy of the suggested method, the dynamics of the system are investigated for poolco, bilateral and contract violation cases and the comparative results are also presented and analyzed. The supremacy of the recommended technique is studied by comparing with other well-known techniques namely GSA and PSO.
Conclusion: The robustness of the proposed system is examined by sensitivity analysis after variations in different system parameters. In this paper, the AC-DC tie-line model is incorporated for the AGC mechanism. Dynamic load changes condition is also tested and verified. The study found that the proposed controller provides improved system dynamics in all competitive electricity market contract situations under varied system uncertainties.
Graphical Abstract
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