Abstract
Pyrimidine and Triazine are rewarding pharmacophores as seen from their presence in different naturally and synthetically occurring drug molecules. Hybridization is a functional concept used in drug design. This updated review encompasses various synthetic procedures that have been used to prepare molecular hybrids of Pyrimidine and Triazine, detailed structureactivity relationship, and molecular docking studies with patents granted. The most potent and promising hybrid compounds have also been identified. The study has revealed the synthetic feasibility of Pyrimidine-Triazine hybrids along with a plethora of potent biological activities such as anticonvulsant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesics, etc. This paper highlights the importance of coupling Pyrimidine and Triazine to provide better insight for medicinal chemists to further explore the hybrid for a significant therapeutic effect.
Keywords: Molecular Hybridization, Pyrimidine, Triazine, Review, Synthesis, Biological activity
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104315] [PMID: 33007742]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213839] [PMID: 31731387]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150309115922] [PMID: 25751009]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871524914666140923130138] [PMID: 25756819]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113218] [PMID: 33540357]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.042] [PMID: 24090920]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.021] [PMID: 27769034]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2018.08.021] [PMID: 30150104]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.010] [PMID: 31867165]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.075] [PMID: 30739825]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.039] [PMID: 30780087]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00113] [PMID: 30803229]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112471] [PMID: 32619887]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2019.08.029]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01741] [PMID: 33280384]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112601] [PMID: 32682202]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112630] [PMID: 32683165]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113108] [PMID: 33385852]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.008] [PMID: 32963944]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.001] [PMID: 31384539]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/202784] [PMID: 25383216]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557514666140131111837] [PMID: 24479860]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272043369845]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111804] [PMID: 31675510]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2006.08.009] [PMID: 16945542]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.12.012] [PMID: 16540207]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.027] [PMID: 30469039]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113034] [PMID: 33276991]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986707781058805] [PMID: 17627520]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17460441.2016.1135125] [PMID: 26727036]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557517666161111110121] [PMID: 27834131]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/celc.201900682]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9GC03028J]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129833]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126982] [PMID: 32001137]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104555] [PMID: 33376011]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03561] [PMID: 32215327]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.061] [PMID: 25462261]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.09.018]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.024] [PMID: 28222317]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135222] [PMID: 32619652]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112705] [PMID: 32961434]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026620666200310122741] [PMID: 32156236]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113457] [PMID: 33892270]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103479] [PMID: 31901517]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.12.003] [PMID: 16472891]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.020] [PMID: 15686925]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm010854+] [PMID: 11585449]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115453] [PMID: 32278710]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.052] [PMID: 31078409]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.01.016] [PMID: 19217698]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.046] [PMID: 19800787]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.02.015] [PMID: 20371140]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.029] [PMID: 23669354]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.05.031] [PMID: 19586688]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ardp.201700146]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.064] [PMID: 28478343]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.12.003] [PMID: 23376247]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061339]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13065-018-0424-3] [PMID: 29796716]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00623-1] [PMID: 14611852]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.2386]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1070363219040273]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4NJ00978A]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127964] [PMID: 33744436]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.844]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.10.127]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2017.20832]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2012.09.002] [PMID: 23960847]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.127] [PMID: 23976798]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201402832]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197677] [PMID: 31376401]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802609789753653] [PMID: 19807666]