Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Analytical Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4110
ISSN (Online): 1875-6727

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Simultaneous Determination of Nicotine and Phenolic Compounds in Tobacco by Capillary Electrophoresis with Pipette Tip Electrodes

Author(s): Chunbo Liu, Farui Li, Xinle Zhang, Zhenjie Li and Gang Chen*

Volume 18, Issue 9, 2022

Published on: 09 September, 2022

Page: [1029 - 1036] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/1573411018666220815152616

Price: $65

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this work is to fabricate pipette tip electrodes for the capillary electrophoretic determination of nicotine and phenolic compounds in tobacco.

Background: The content of nicotine affects not only the quality of tobacco products but also the health of smokers. Phenolic compounds are important flavor precursors in tobacco. The quantity of phenolic compounds is one of the most important evaluation indicators of tobacco quality. It is of high importance to determine nicotine and phenolic compounds in tobacco for quality control and the health of smokers.

Objective: A method based on capillary electrophoresis and amperometric detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of nicotine, rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid in tobacco leaves. Pipette electrodes were designed and fabricated for their amperometric detection.

Methods: Nicotine, rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid were determined by capillary electrophoresis in combination with the detection electrodes that were fabricated by packing the composite of carbon nanotube and epoxy in pipette tips.

Results: Detection potentials, the acidity and concentrations of background electrolyte, separation voltages, and injection times were optimized. At a high voltage of 12 kV, separation of the seven analytes could be achieved in less than 11 min in a piece of 40 cm long fused silica capillary with a background electrolyte of 50 mM borate buffer (9.2). Linearity was observed between the peak currents and the concentrations, with the limits of detection ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 μM for the seven analytes at the pipette electrodes. The method was applied in the simultaneous determination of nicotine and phenolic compounds with satisfactory assay results.

Conclusion: The pipette tip electrodes were successfully coupled with capillary electrophoresis for tobacco analysis. The CE-AD method provides not only a simple approach for the quality control of tobacco and its preparations but also an alternative technique for the constituent and fingerprint investigation of other plants.

Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis, amperometric detection, pipette tips, tobacco, nicotine, phenolic compounds.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Kakar, K.U.; Nawaz, Z.; Cui, Z.; Ahemd, N.; Ren, X. Molecular breeding approaches for production of disease-resilient commercially important tobacco. Brief. Funct. Genomics, 2020, 19(1), 10-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elz038] [PMID: 31942928]
[2]
Hidayat, S.; Alayyannur, P.A. The content of harmful and potentially harmful constituents in heated tobacco product: Systematic review. J. Drug Deliv. Ther., 2021, 11(3-S), 111-120.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i3-S.4830]
[3]
Li, F.R.; Jiang, K.M.; Wu, Q.Y.; Li, Z.J.; Chen, G. Fabrication of graphene-cuprous oxide hybrid paste electrodes for capillary electrophoretic measurement of polyhydroxy compounds. Electroanalysis, 2022, elan.202200183.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.202200183]
[4]
Wolford-Clevenger, C.; Hill, S.V.; Cropsey, K. Correlates of tobacco and nicotine use among transgender and gender diverse people: A systematic review guided by the minority stress model. Nicotine Tob. Res., 2022, 24(4), 444-452.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab159] [PMID: 34375426]
[5]
O’Brien, D.; Long, J.; Quigley, J.; Lee, C.; McCarthy, A.; Kavanagh, P. Association between electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 2021, 21(1), 954.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10935-1] [PMID: 34078351]
[6]
Akiyama, Y.; Sherwood, N. Systematic review of biomarker findings from clinical studies of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products. Toxicol. Rep., 2021, 8, 282-294.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.014] [PMID: 33552927]
[7]
Ekezie, W.; Murray, R.L.; Agrawal, S.; Bogdanovica, I.; Britton, J.; Leonardi-Bee, J. Quality of smoking cessation advice in guidelines of tobacco-related diseases: An updated systematic review. Clin. Med. (Lond.), 2020, 20(6), 551-559.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2020-0359] [PMID: 33199319]
[8]
Zhao, J.; Zhao, Y.; Hu, C.; Zhao, C.; Zhang, J.; Li, L.; Zeng, J.; Peng, X.; Lu, X.; Xu, G. Metabolic profiling with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry reveals the carbon-nitrogen status of tobacco leaves across different planting areas. J. Proteome Res., 2016, 15(2), 468-476.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00807] [PMID: 26784525]
[9]
Jiang, Z.P.; Tian, Z.Z.; Zhang, C.T.; Li, D.K.; Wu, R.X.; Tian, N.; Xing, L.X.; Ma, L.C. Recent advances in speciation analyses of tobacco and other important economic crops. Curr. Anal. Chem., 2022, 18, 518-528.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411017999201201115234]
[10]
Chen, M.; Chen, L.; Pan, L.; Liu, R.; Guo, J.; Fan, M.; Wang, X.; Liu, H.; Liu, S. Simultaneous analysis of multiple pesti-cide residues in tobacco by magnetic carbon composite-based QuEChERS method and liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 2022, 1668, 462913.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462913] [PMID: 35247721]
[11]
Chen, A.X.; Akmam Morsed, F.; Cheah, N.P. A simple method to simultaneously determine the level of nicotine, glycerol, propylene glycol, and triacetin in heated tobacco products by gas chromatography-flame-ionization detection. J. AOAC Int., 2022, 105(1), 46-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsab140] [PMID: 34648035]
[12]
Cai, K.; Zhao, H.N.; Xiang, Z.M.; Cai, B.; Pan, W.J.; Lei, B. Enzymatic hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy for determination of glycosides in tobacco and method optimization by response surface methodology. Anal. Methods, 2014, 6(17), 7006-7014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4AY01056F]
[13]
Qin, Y.H.; Wu, Y.Q.; Zhang, C.M.; Liu, W.; Ye, L.; Wang, K.M.; Li, C.; Hua, J.H.; Yang, Y.L. Determination of nicotine in reconstituted tobacco wastewater using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with microscopic spectro-photometry. Chin. J. Anal. Lab, 2018, 37, 696-700.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.13595/j.cnki.issn1000-0720.2018.0132]
[14]
Barathi, P.; Kumar, A.S. Quercetin tethered pristine-multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode as an efficient electrochemical detector for flow injection analysis of hydrazine in cigarette tobacco samples. Electrochim. Acta, 2014, 135, 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.003]
[15]
Mishra, P.; Kumar, R.; Dwivedi, A.; Rai, A.K. Analysis of constituents present in smokeless tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)using spectroscopic techniques. Methods Appl. Fluoresc., 2022, 10(3), 034001.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2050-6120/ac5e11] [PMID: 35290966]
[16]
Guezguez, F.; Abdelwaheb, M.; Anane, I.; Rekik, S.; Saguem, S.; Charfeddine, B.; Rouatbi, S. Chemical characteristics and cancer risk assessment of smokeless tobacco used in Tunisia (neffa). Pan Afr. Med. J., 2021, 40, 45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2021.40.45.24751] [PMID: 34795826]
[17]
Kong, G.H.; Li, Y.; Pang, T.; Shi, J.L. Quantitation of 18 polyphenols in tobacco leaf using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chin. J. Anal. Chem., 2015, 43, 1313-1319.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.11895/j.issn.0253-3820.150706]
[18]
Avagyan, R.; Spasova, M.; Lindholm, J. Determination of nicotine-related impurities in nicotine pouches and tobacco-containing products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Separations, 2021, 8(6), 8060077.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8060077]
[19]
Zhang, H.; Pang, Y.; Luo, Y.; Li, X.; Chen, H.; Han, S.; Jiang, X.; Zhu, F.; Hou, H.; Hu, Q. Enantiomeric composition of nicotine in tobacco leaf, cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and e-liquid by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Chirality, 2018, 30(7), 923-931.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.22866] [PMID: 29722457]
[20]
Chen, Y.; Chen, W.; Lan, Y.; Wang, K.; Wu, Y.; Zhong, X.; Ying, K.; Li, J.; Yang, G. Determination of 18 phenolic acids in tobacco and rhizosphere soil by ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J. Sep. Sci., 2019, 42(4), 816-825.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201800819] [PMID: 30580494]
[21]
Li, Y.; Lin, Q.; Pang, T.; Shi, J. Determination of 12 flavonoids in tobacco leaves using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Se Pu, 2015, 33(7), 746-752.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1123.2015.03001] [PMID: 26672204]
[22]
Qi, D.W.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, J.L.; Fei, T.; Wu, D.; Lu, J. Determination of volatiles in flue-cured tobacco by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with chemometrics. Anal. Lett., 2022, 55(9), 1398-1411.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2021.2006681]
[23]
Tang, L.; Yang, H.W.; He, L.; Wang, M.; Zhu, B.K.; Liao, T.G. Direct analysis of free-base nicotine in tobacco leaf by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Accredit. Qual. Assur., 2019, 24(5), 341-349.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-019-01381-z]
[24]
Jorgenson, J.W.; Lukacs, K.D. Zone electrophoresis in open-tubular glass-capillaries. Anal. Chem., 1981, 53(8), 1298-1302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00231a037]
[25]
Chen, G.; Zhu, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xu, X.; Lu, T. Determination of bioactive constituents in traditional Chinese medicines by CE with electrochemical detection. Curr. Med. Chem., 2006, 13(21), 2467-2485.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706778201657] [PMID: 17017905]
[26]
Chen, Q.; Zhang, L.; Chen, G. Facile preparation of graphene-copper nanoparticle composite by in situ chemical reduction for electrochemical sensing of carbohydrates. Anal. Chem., 2012, 84(1), 171-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac2022772] [PMID: 22098222]
[27]
Mao, H.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, G. Determination of three phenolic acids in Cimicifugae rhizoma by capillary electrophoresis with a graphene-phenolic resin composite electrode. Anal. Methods, 2019, 11(3), 303-308.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8AY01942H]
[28]
Montazarolmahdi, M.; Masrournia, M.; Nezhadali, A. Determination of salicylic acid using a highly sensitive and new electroanalytical sensor. Curr. Anal. Chem., 2022, 18(1), 133-140.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411017666210111095822]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy