Stereoselective Pharmacokinetics and Chiral Inversions of Some Chiral Hydroxy Group Drugs

Fuxin       Chen; Qiaoxiu       Bai; Qingfeng       Wang; Suying       Chen; Xiaoxian       Ma; Changlong       Cai; Danni       Wang; Ahsan       Waqas; Pin       Gong

doi:10.2174/1389201021666200727144053

Abstract

Background: Chiral safety, especially chiral drug inversion in vivo, is the top priority of current scientific research. Medicine researchers and pharmacists often ignore that one enantiomer will be converted or partially converted to another enantiomer when it is ingested in vivo. So that, in the context that more than 50% of the listed drugs are chiral drugs, it is necessary and important to pay attention to the inversion of chiral drugs.

Methods: The metabolic and stereoselective pharmacokinetic characteristics of seven chiral drugs with one chiral center in the hydroxy group were reviewed in vivo and in vitro including the possible chiral inversion of each drug enantiomer. These seven drugs include (S)-Mandelic acid, RS-8359, Tramadol, Venlafaxine, Carvedilol, Fluoxetine and Metoprolol.

Results: The differences in stereoselective pharmacokinetics could be found for all the seven chiral drugs, since R and S isomers often exhibit different PK and PD properties. However, not every drug has shown the properties of one direction or two direction chiral inversion. For chiral hydroxyl group drugs, the redox enzyme system may be one of the key factors for chiral inversion in vivo.

Conclusion: In vitro and in vivo chiral inversion is a very complex problem and may occur during every process of ADME. Nowadays, research on chiral metabolism in the liver has the most attention, while neglecting the chiral transformation of other processes. Our review may provide the basis for the drug R&D and the safety of drugs in clinical therapy.

Keywords: Chiral drugs, chiral safety, metabolism, stereoselective pharmacokinetics, chiral inversion, drug enantiomer.

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Graphical Abstract

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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200727144053	Print ISSN 1389-2010
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1873-4316

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Stereoselective Pharmacokinetics and Chiral Inversions of Some Chiral Hydroxy Group Drugs

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