Generic placeholder image

Current Drug Metabolism

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-2002
ISSN (Online): 1875-5453

Review Article

Interaction between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Author(s): Jiajia Li, Qing Liang and GuangChun Sun*

Volume 20, Issue 9, 2019

Page: [701 - 713] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190827160212

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for medical purposes since the ancient time and has gradually gained recognition worldwide. Nowadays, patients with thrombus presiding to anticoagulant/ antiplatelet drugs prefer taking TCM. However, an increasing number of studies on herb–drug interactions have been shown. Nevertheless, findings are frequently conflicting and vague. In this review, we discuss the herb–drug interactions between TCM and anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs to provide guidance on concomitant ingestion with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

Methods: We undertook a structured search of medicine and drug databases for peer-reviewed literature using focused review questions.

Results: Danshen, Ginkgo, Ginger, H. Perforatum, SMY and Puerarin injection had directional regulation effects on the efficacy of anticoagulant drugs by altering the CYPs, pharmacokinetic indexs and hemorheological parameters. H. Perforatum inhibited the efficacy of Clopidogrel by enhancing the CYP3A4 activity and Ginkgo increased the efficacy of Ticlopidine. Additionally, Renshen, the formulae except SMY and injections except Puerarin injection could increase or decrease the efficacy of anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs via regulating the CYPs, platelet aggregation, hemorheological parameters and others.

Conclusion: Some cases have reported that TCMs may increase the bleeding risk or has no effect on coagulation when anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs are concurrently used. However, pharmacokinetic studies have presented either consistent or slightly varying results. So it is difficult to ascertain whether the concurrent use of TCM may increase or reduce the pharmacologic effects of anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs with adverse reactions. Therefore, herb–drug interactions of TCM and anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs should be further explored and defined.

Keywords: Traditional Chinese medicine, anticoagulant drugs, antiplatelet drugs, herb-drug interactions, thrombus, metabolites.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Raskob, G.E.; Angchaisuksiri, P.; Blanco, A.N.; Buller, H.; Gallus, A.; Hunt, B.J.; Hylek, E.M.; Kakkar, A.; Konstantinides, S.V.; McCumber, M.; Ozaki, Y.; Wendelboe, A.; Weitz, J.I. Thrombosis: A major contributor to the global disease burden. J. Thromb. Haemost., 2014, 12(10), 1580-1590.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.12698] [PMID: 25302663]
[2]
Scheres, L.J.J.; Lijfering, W.M.; Cannegieter, S.C. Current and future burden of venous thrombosis: Not simply predictable. Res. Pract. Thromb. Haemost, 2018, 2(2), 199-208.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rth2.12101] [PMID: 30046722]
[3]
Lozano, R.; Naghavi, M.; Foreman, K.; Lim, S.; Shibuya, K.; Aboyans, V.; Abraham, J.; Adair, T.; Aggarwal, R.; Ahn, S.Y.; Alvarado, M.; Anderson, H.R.; Anderson, L.M.; Andrews, K.G.; Atkinson, C.; Baddour, L.M.; Barker-Collo, S.; Bartels, D.H.; Bell, M.L.; Benjamin, E.J.; Bennett, D.; Bhalla, K.; Bikbov, B.; Bin Abdulhak, A.; Birbeck, G.; Blyth, F.; Bolliger, I.; Boufous, S.; Bucello, C.; Burch, M.; Burney, P.; Carapetis, J.; Chen, H.; Chou, D.; Chugh, S.S.; Coffeng, L.E.; Colan, S.D.; Colquhoun, S.; Colson, K.E.; Condon, J.; Connor, M.D.; Cooper, L.T.; Corriere, M.; Cortinovis, M.; de Vaccaro, K.C.; Couser, W.; Cowie, B.C.; Criqui, M.H.; Cross, M.; Dabhadkar, K.C.; Dahodwala, N.; De Leo, D.; Degenhardt, L.; Delossantos, A.; Denenberg, J.; Des Jarlais, D.C.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Dorsey, E.R.; Driscoll, T.; Duber, H.; Ebel, B.; Erwin, P.J.; Espindola, P.; Ezzati, M.; Feigin, V.; Flaxman, A.D.; Forouzanfar, M.H.; Fowkes, F.G.; Franklin, R.; Fransen, M.; Freeman, M.K.; Gabriel, S.E.; Gakidou, E.; Gaspari, F.; Gillum, R.F.; Gonzalez-Medina, D.; Halasa, Y.A.; Haring, D.; Harrison, J.E.; Havmoeller, R.; Hay, R.J.; Hoen, B.; Hotez, P.J.; Hoy, D.; Jacobsen, K.H.; James, S.L.; Jasrasaria, R.; Jayaraman, S.; Johns, N.; Karthikeyan, G.; Kassebaum, N.; Keren, A.; Khoo, J.P.; Knowlton, L.M.; Kobusingye, O.; Koranteng, A.; Krishnamurthi, R.; Lipnick, M.; Lipshultz, S.E.; Ohno, S.L.; Mabweijano, J.; MacIntyre, M.F.; Mallinger, L.; March, L.; Marks, G.B.; Marks, R.; Matsumori, A.; Matzopoulos, R.; Mayosi, B.M.; McAnulty, J.H.; McDermott, M.M.; McGrath, J.; Mensah, G.A.; Merriman, T.R.; Michaud, C.; Miller, M.; Miller, T.R.; Mock, C.; Mocumbi, A.O.; Mokdad, A.A.; Moran, A.; Mulholland, K.; Nair, M.N.; Naldi, L.; Narayan, K.M.; Nasseri, K.; Norman, P.; O’Donnell, M.; Omer, S.B.; Ortblad, K.; Osborne, R.; Ozgediz, D.; Pahari, B.; Pandian, J.D.; Rivero, A.P.; Padilla, R.P.; Perez-Ruiz, F.; Perico, N.; Phillips, D.; Pierce, K.; Pope, C.A., III; Porrini, E.; Pourmalek, F.; Raju, M.; Ranganathan, D.; Rehm, J.T.; Rein, D.B.; Remuzzi, G.; Rivara, F.P.; Roberts, T.; De León, F.R.; Rosenfeld, L.C.; Rushton, L.; Sacco, R.L.; Salomon, J.A.; Sampson, U.; Sanman, E.; Schwebel, D.C.; Segui-Gomez, M.; Shepard, D.S.; Singh, D.; Singleton, J.; Sliwa, K.; Smith, E.; Steer, A.; Taylor, J.A.; Thomas, B.; Tleyjeh, I.M.; Towbin, J.A.; Truelsen, T.; Undurraga, E.A.; Venketasubramanian, N.; Vijayakumar, L.; Vos, T.; Wagner, G.R.; Wang, M.; Wang, W.; Watt, K.; Weinstock, M.A.; Weintraub, R.; Wilkinson, J.D.; Woolf, A.D.; Wulf, S.; Yeh, P.H.; Yip, P.; Zabetian, A.; Zheng, Z.J.; Lopez, A.D.; Murray, C.J.; AlMazroa, M.A.; Memish, Z.A. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet, 2012, 380(9859), 2095-2128.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0] [PMID: 23245604]
[4]
Cohen, A.T.; Agnelli, G.; Anderson, F.A.; Arcelus, J.I.; Bergqvist, D.; Brecht, J.G.; Greer, I.A.; Heit, J.A.; Hutchinson, J.L.; Kakkar, A.K.; Mottier, D.; Oger, E.; Samama, M.M.; Spannagl, M. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Europe. The number of VTE events and associated morbidity and mortality. Thromb. Haemost., 2007, 98(4), 756-764.
[PMID: 17938798]
[5]
Kearon, C.; Akl, E.A.; Ornelas, J.; Blaivas, A.; Jimenez, D.; Bounameaux, H.; Huisman, M.; King, C.S.; Morris, T.A.; Sood, N.; Stevens, S.M.; Vintch, J.R.E.; Wells, P.; Woller, S.C.; Moores, L. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest, 2016, 149(2), 315-352.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026] [PMID: 26867832]
[6]
Quinn, G.R.; Singer, D.E.; Chang, Y.; Go, A.S.; Borowsky, L.H.; Udaltsova, N.; Fang, M.C. Effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation taking warfarin. Am. J. Cardiol., 2014, 114(4), 583-586.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.05.037] [PMID: 25001151]
[7]
Haimovici, H.; Bergan, J.J. Coumadin-induced skin necrosis versus venous gangrene of the extremities. J. Vasc. Surg., 1987, 5(4), 655-656.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(87)90236-9] [PMID: 3560361]
[8]
Sheng, G.H.; Aronowitz, P. The lesser known side-effect of warfarin: warfarin-induced venous limb gangrene. Mayo Clin. Proc., 2014, 89(5)e47
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.05.037] [PMID: 24797650]
[9]
Dempfle, C.E. Direct oral anticoagulants-pharmacology, drug interactions, and side effects. Semin. Hematol., 2014, 51(2), 89-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.seminhematol.2014.03.005] [PMID: 24861792]
[10]
Tsai, H.H.; Lin, H.W.; Chien, C.R.; Li, T.C. Concurrent use of antiplatelets, anticoagulants, or digoxin with Chinese medications: A population-based cohort study. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2013, 69(3), 629-639.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-012-1359-6] [PMID: 22875040]
[11]
Ramsay, N.A.; Kenny, M.W.; Davies, G.; Patel, J.P. Complimentary and alternative medicine use among patients starting warfarin. Br. J. Haematol., 2005, 130(5), 777-780.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05689.x] [PMID: 16115136]
[12]
Ernst, E. Prevalence of use of complementary/alternative medicine: A systematic review. Bull. World Health Organ., 2000, 78(2), 252-257.
[PMID: 10743298]
[13]
Xu, A. Clinical application of radix astragali and radix ampelopsis in Wu Shi Er Bing Fang. Tradit. Chin. Med. Res., 2008, 10, 59-61.
[14]
Izzo, A.A. Interactions between herbs and conventional drugs: Overview of the clinical data. Med. Princ. Pract., 2012, 21(5), 404-428.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000334488] [PMID: 22236736]
[15]
Uygur Bayramıçlı, O.; Kalkay, M.N.; Oskay Bozkaya, E.; Doğan Köse, E.; Iyıgün, O.; Görük, M.; Sezgın, G. St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) and warfarin: Dangerous liaisons! Turk. J. Gastroenterol., 2011, 22(1), 115.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4318/tjg.2011.0175] [PMID: 21480130]
[16]
Rivera, C.A.; Ferro, C.L.; Bursua, A.J.; Gerber, B.S. Probable interaction between Lycium barbarum (goji) and warfarin. Pharmacotherapy, 2012, 32(3), e50-e53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.2012.01018.x] [PMID: 22392461]
[17]
McEwen, B.J. The influence of herbal medicine on platelet function and coagulation: A narrative review. Semin. Thromb. Hemost., 2015, 41(3), 300-314.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1549089] [PMID: 25839871]
[18]
Park, J.W.; Lee, S.H.; Yang, M.K.; Lee, J.J.; Song, M.J.; Ryu, S.Y.; Chung, H.J.; Won, H.S.; Lee, C.S.; Kwon, S.H.; Yun, Y.P.; Choi, W.S.; Shin, H.S. 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I, a major component from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Dansham), inhibits rabbit platelet aggregation by suppressing intracellular calcium mobilization. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2008, 31(1), 47-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-008-1119-4] [PMID: 18277607]
[19]
Chan, K.W.; Ho, W.S. Anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects of lithospermic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo. Oncol. Rep., 2015, 34(2), 673-680.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4068] [PMID: 26081670]
[20]
Cao, H.; Zhang, L.; Sun, Z.B.; Cheng, X.H.; Zhang, Y.; Zou, H.B. Salvia miltiorrhiza prevents deep vein thrombosis via antioxidative effects in endothelial cells. Mol. Med. Rep., 2015, 11(5), 3593-3600.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3153] [PMID: 25572347]
[21]
Wu, L.C.; Lin, X.; Sun, H. Tanshinone IIA protects rabbits against LPS-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2012, 33(10), 1254-1259.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aps.2012.84] [PMID: 22983394]
[22]
Han, J.Y.; Fan, J.Y.; Horie, Y.; Miura, S.; Cui, D.H.; Ishii, H.; Hibi, T.; Tsuneki, H.; Kimura, I. Ameliorating effects of compounds derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza root extract on microcirculatory disturbance and target organ injury by ischemia and reperfusion. Pharmacol. Ther., 2008, 117(2), 280-295.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.09.008] [PMID: 18048101]
[23]
van Poppel, P.C.; Breedveld, P.; Abbink, E.J.; Roelofs, H.; van Heerde, W.; Smits, P.; Lin, W.; Tan, A.H.; Russel, F.G.; Donders, R.; Tack, C.J.; Rongen, G.A. Salvia Miltiorrhiza root water-extract (Danshen) has no beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors. A randomized double-blind cross-over trial. PLoS One, 2015, 10(7)e0128695
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128695] [PMID: 26192328]
[24]
Ohkura, N.; Yokouchi, H.; Mimura, M.; Nakamura, R.; Atsumi, G. Screening for hemostatic activities of popular Chinese medicinal herbs in vitro. J. Intercult. Ethnopharmacol., 2015, 4(1), 19-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jice.20141128032845] [PMID: 26401379]
[25]
Yu, C.; Ye, S.; Sun, H.; Liu, Y.; Gao, L.; Shen, C.; Chen, S.; Zeng, S. PXR-mediated transcriptional activation of CYP3A4 by cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA. Chem. Biol. Interact., 2009, 177(1), 58-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2008.08.013] [PMID: 18805405]
[26]
Kuo, Y.H.; Lin, Y.L.; Don, M.J.; Chen, R.M.; Ueng, Y.F. Induction of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase by extracts of the medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2006, 58(4), 521-527.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/jpp.58.4.0012] [PMID: 16597370]
[27]
Yang, X.F.; Wang, N.P.; Lu, W.H.; Zeng, F.D. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract and tanshinone on cytochrome P-450 isozymes and glutathione transferase in rats. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2003, 24(10), 1033-1038.
[PMID: 14531948]
[28]
Zhang, R.; Sun, J.; Ma, L.; Wu, X.; Pan, G.; Hao, H.; Zhou, F. A, J.; Liu, C.; Ai, H.; Shang, L.; Gao, H.; Peng, Y.; Wan, P.; Wu, H.; Wang, G. Induction of cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2 by tanshinones in human HepG2 hepatoma cell line. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2011, 252(1), 18-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2011.01.008] [PMID: 21262253]
[29]
Fan, H.Y.; Fu, F.H.; Yang, M.Y.; Xu, H.; Zhang, A.H.; Liu, K. Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of salvianolic acid A. Thromb. Res., 2010, 126(1), e17-e22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2010.04.006] [PMID: 20451955]
[30]
Yang, Y.; Lin, J.; Lin, Q. Clinical efficacy of low molecular heparin and Salvia miltiorrhiza anticoagulation in the treatment of severe early-onset preeclampsia. Obstet. Gynecol., 2010, 19, 655-659.
[31]
Hu, Z.; Yang, X.; Ho, P.C.; Chan, S.Y.; Heng, P.W.; Chan, E.; Duan, W.; Koh, H.L.; Zhou, S. Herb-drug interactions: A literature review. Drugs, 2005, 65(9), 1239-1282.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200565090-00005] [PMID: 15916450]
[32]
Holbrook, A.M.; Pereira, J.A.; Labiris, R.; McDonald, H.; Douketis, J.D.; Crowther, M.; Wells, P.S. Systematic overview of warfarin and its drug and food interactions. Arch. Intern. Med., 2005, 165(10), 1095-1106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.10.1095] [PMID: 15911722]
[33]
Wu, W.W.; Yeung, J.H. Inhibition of warfarin hydroxylation by major tanshinones of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) in the rat in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine, 2010, 17(3-4), 219-226.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.05.005] [PMID: 19577456]
[34]
Chan, T.Y. Interaction between warfarin and danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza). Ann. Pharmacother., 2001, 35(4), 501-504.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.19029] [PMID: 11302416]
[35]
Yao, M.J.; Liu, J.P.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, H.; Sun, J.M. Study on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of ginseng. Jilin J. Chin. Med., 2017, 12(37), 1261-1263.
[36]
Wang, C.Z.; Moss, J.; Yuan, C.S. Commonly used dietary supplements on coagulation function during surgery. Medicines (Basel), 2015, 2(3), 157-185.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines2030157] [PMID: 26949700]
[37]
Lau, A.J.; Toh, D.F.; Chua, T.K.; Pang, Y.K.; Woo, S.O.; Koh, H.L. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects of Panax notoginseng: Comparison of raw and steamed Panax notoginseng with Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2009, 125(3), 380-386.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.07.038] [PMID: 19665534]
[38]
Do, J.; Gwak, J.; Rho, J.J.; Lee, K.; Irfan, M.; Rhee, M.H.; Kim, D.C. Aqueous extract of taegeuk ginseng inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. J. Med. Food, 2018, 21(11), 1137-1144.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2017.4145] [PMID: 30273091]
[39]
Chen, C.H.; Su, X.L.; Zhang, J.X.; Lin, R.C.; Yan, Y.Y.; Qiu, X.W.; Tong, L.J.; Chen, S.J. The effects of R1 and Rd extracted from Panax notoginseng saponins on microcirculation and blood coagulation. J. West China Univ. Med. Sci, 2002, 33, 550-552.
[40]
Zhang, L.L.; Liu, X.J.; Ming, D.; Zhang, J.X. Molecular simulation of direct thrombin inhibitors based on chinese herbal medicines. Chem. Res. Applica., 2017, 29(8), 1148-1154.
[41]
Li, C.T.; Wang, H.B.; Xu, B.J. A comparative study on anticoagulant activities of three Chinese herbal medicines from the genus Panax and anticoagulant activities of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2. Pharm. Biol., 2013, 51(8), 1077-1080.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2013.775164] [PMID: 23742679]
[42]
Endale, M.; Lee, W.M.; Kamruzzaman, S.M.; Kim, S.D.; Park, J.Y.; Park, M.H.; Park, T.Y.; Park, H.J.; Cho, J.Y.; Rhee, M.H. Ginsenoside-Rp1 inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation via impaired glycoprotein VI signalling pathway, tyrosine phosphorylation and MAPK activation. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2012, 167(1), 109-127.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01967.x] [PMID: 22471932]
[43]
Xiong, L.; Qi, Z.; Zheng, B.; Li, Z.; Wang, F.; Liu, J.; Li, P. Inhibitory effect of triterpenoids from panax ginseng on coagulation factor X. Molecules, 2017, 22(4), 22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040649] [PMID: 28441767]
[44]
Viviano, A.; Steele, D.; Edsell, M.; Jahangiri, M. Over-the-counter natural products in cardiac surgery: A case of ginseng-related massive perioperative bleeding. BMJ Case Rep. 2017, 2017, pii: bcr- 2016-218068.,
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2016-218068]
[45]
Dong, H.; Ma, J.; Li, T.; Xiao, Y.; Zheng, N.; Liu, J.; Gao, Y.; Shao, J.; Jia, L. Global deregulation of ginseng products may be a safety hazard to warfarin takers: Solid evidence of ginseng-warfarin interaction. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1), 5813.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05825-9] [PMID: 28725042]
[46]
Malati, C.Y.; Robertson, S.M.; Hunt, J.D.; Chairez, C.; Alfaro, R.M.; Kovacs, J.A.; Penzak, S.R. Influence of Panax ginseng on cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in healthy participants. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2012, 52(6), 932-939.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270011407194] [PMID: 21646440]
[47]
Fung, F.Y.; Wong, W.H.; Ang, S.K.; Koh, H.L.; Kun, M.C.; Lee, L.H.; Li, X.; Ng, H.J.; Tan, C.W.; Zhao, Y.; Linn, Y.C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study on the anti-haemostatic effects of Curcuma longa, Angelica sinensis and Panax ginseng. Phytomedicine, 2017, 32, 88-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.004] [PMID: 28732813]
[48]
Kim, M.G.; Kim, Y.; Jeon, J.Y.; Kim, D.S. Effect of fermented red ginseng on cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein activity in healthy subjects, as evaluated using the cocktail approach. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2016, 82(6), 1580-1590.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13080] [PMID: 27495955]
[49]
Gb, E. EGb 761: Ginkgo biloba extract, Ginkor. Drugs R D., 2003, 4(3), 188-193.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00126839-200304030-00009] [PMID: 12757407]
[50]
Lesk, M.R.; Wajszilber, M.; Deschenes, M.C. The effects of systemic medications on ocular blood flow. Can. J. Ophthalmol., 2008, 43(3), 351-355.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3129/i08-057] [PMID: 18493276]
[51]
Zhong, J.S.; Chen, L.H.; Li, M.Q.; Zhong, J.J.; Li, L.F. Clinical study on treatment of ischemic stroke with Ginkgo biloba extract injection. J. Prac. Tradit. Chin. Med., 2017, 33(3), 258-259.
[52]
Tang, Z.M.; Ni, Y.M. Effect of Ginkgo bibola leave extract on coagulation function of rabbits. Zhejiang Med. J., 2016, 17(5), 409-412.
[53]
Leistner, E.; Drewke, C. Ginkgo biloba and ginkgotoxin. J. Nat. Prod., 2010, 73(1), 86-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np9005019] [PMID: 20041670]
[54]
Etheridge, A.S.; Black, S.R.; Patel, P.R.; So, J.; Mathews, J.M. An in vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450 inhibition and P-glycoprotein interaction with goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, grape seed, milk thistle, and ginseng extracts and their constituents. Planta Med., 2007, 73(8), 731-741.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-981550] [PMID: 17611934]
[55]
Xu, Q.B.; Sun, Y.; Xu, T.; Lin, Y.; Lu, Z.Y.; Sheng, S.; Wang, J.; Wu, F. Advances in pharmacological action of biflavone of Ginkgo biloba. Shandong Yiyao, 2018, 58(19), 112-114.
[56]
Li, L.; Stanton, J.D.; Tolson, A.H.; Luo, Y.; Wang, H. Bioactive terpenoids and flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba extract induce the expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes through pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathways. Pharm. Res., 2009, 26(4), 872-882.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-008-9788-8] [PMID: 19034627]
[57]
Taki, Y.; Yokotani, K.; Yamada, S.; Shinozuka, K.; Kubota, Y.; Watanabe, Y.; Umegaki, K. Ginkgo biloba extract attenuates warfarin-mediated anticoagulation through induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by bilobalide in mice. Phytomedicine, 2012, 19(2), 177-182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.06.020] [PMID: 21802929]
[58]
Matthews, M.K., Jr Association of Ginkgo biloba with intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology, 1998, 50(6), 1933-1934.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.50.6.1933] [PMID: 9633781]
[59]
Di Pierro, F.; Rinaldi, F.; Lucarelli, M.; Rossoni, G. Interaction between ticlopidine or warfarin or cardioaspirin with a highly standardized deterpened Ginkgo biloba extract (VR456) in rat and human. Acta Biomed., 2010, 81(3), 196-203.
[PMID: 22530457]
[60]
Tang, Z.M.; Ni, Y.M. Effect of ginkgo bibola leaves extract on coagulation status in rabbits with anticoagulant. Zhejiang Med. J., 2016, 38(6), 607-610.
[61]
Kubota, Y.; Kobayashi, K.; Tanaka, N.; Nakamura, K.; Kunitomo, M.; Umegaki, K.; Shinozuka, K. Pretreatment with Ginkgo biloba extract weakens the hypnosis action of phenobarbital and its plasma concentration in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2004, 56(3), 401-405.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/0022357022836] [PMID: 15025867]
[62]
Bi, Q.L.; Gu, S.Y.; Wu, Y.S. Effect of ginkgo leaf injection on anticoagulation of wafarin. Mod. Hosp., 2011, 11(3), 6-7.
[63]
Zhou, Y.L.; Zeng, R. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on anticoagulation and blood drug level of warfarin in healthy volunteers. J. Chin. Materia Med, 2011, 36(16), 2290-2293.
[64]
Høyland, H.K. Use of Saint Johns wort against mild depression. Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen., 2011, 131(8), 837-839.
[PMID: 21556089]
[65]
Mannel, M. Drug interactions with St John’s wort: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Drug Saf., 2004, 27(11), 773-797.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200427110-00003] [PMID: 15350151]
[66]
Weber, C.C.; Kressmann, S.; Fricker, G.; Müller, W.E. Modulation of P-glycoprotein function by St John’s wort extract and its major constituents. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2004, 37(6), 292-298.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-832686] [PMID: 15551196]
[67]
Madabushi, R.; Frank, B.; Drewelow, B.; Derendorf, H.; Butterweck, V. Hyperforin in St. John’s wort drug interactions. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2006, 62(3), 225-233.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-006-0096-0] [PMID: 16477470]
[68]
Dostalek, M.; Pistovcakova, J.; Jurica, J.; Sulcova, A.; Tomandl, J. The effect of St John’s wort (hypericum perforatum) on cytochrome p450 1a2 activity in perfused rat liver. Biomed. Pap. Med. Fac. Univ. Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub., 2011, 155(3), 253-257.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/bp.2011.047] [PMID: 22286810]
[69]
Obach, R.S. Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by constituents of St. John’s Wort, an herbal preparation used in the treatment of depression. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2000, 294(1), 88-95.
[PMID: 10871299]
[70]
Dostalek, M.; Pistovcakova, J.; Jurica, J.; Tomandl, J.; Linhart, I.; Sulcová, A.; Hadasova, E. Effect of St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) on cytochrome P-450 activity in perfused rat liver. Life Sci., 2005, 78(3), 239-244.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.055] [PMID: 16125735]
[71]
Wang, Z.; Gorski, J.C.; Hamman, M.A.; Huang, S.M.; Lesko, L.J.; Hall, S.D. The effects of St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) on human cytochrome P450 activity. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 2001, 70(4), 317-326.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9236(01)17221-8] [PMID: 11673747]
[72]
Bilia, A.R.; Gallori, S.; Vincieri, F.F.St.St. John’s wort and depression: Efficacy, safety and tolerability-an update. Life Sci., 2002, 70(26), 3077-3096.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)01566-7] [PMID: 12008092]
[73]
Henderson, L.; Yue, Q.Y.; Bergquist, C.; Gerden, B.; Arlett, P. St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum): Drug interactions and clinical outcomes. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2002, 54(4), 349-356.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01683.x] [PMID: 12392581]
[74]
Barnes, J.; Anderson, L.A.; Phillipson, J.D. St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): A review of its chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2001, 53(5), 583-600.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/0022357011775910] [PMID: 11370698]
[75]
Jiang, X.; Williams, K.M.; Liauw, W.S.; Ammit, A.J.; Roufogalis, B.D.; Duke, C.C.; Day, R.O.; McLachlan, A.J. Effect of St John’s wort and ginseng on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2004, 57(5), 592-599.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2003.02051.x] [PMID: 15089812]
[76]
Li, H.J. Hypericum perforatum enhances the action of clopidogrel. Inter. J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 2005, 27(5), 320-320.
[77]
Lau, W.C.; Welch, T.D.; Shields, T.; Rubenfire, M.; Tantry, U.S.; Gurbel, P.A. The effect of St John’s Wort on the pharmacodynamic response of clopidogrel in hyporesponsive volunteers and patients: Increased platelet inhibition by enhancement of CYP3A4 metabolic activity. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2011, 57(1), 86-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0b013e3181ffe8d0] [PMID: 20980920]
[78]
Su, G. Ginger of New Medicinal Test; World Health Digest: New York, 2011.
[79]
Marx, W.; McKavanagh, D.; McCarthy, A.L.; Bird, R.; Ried, K.; Chan, A.; Isenring, L. The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on platelet aggregation: A systematic literature review. PLoS One, 2015, 10(10)e0141119
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141119] [PMID: 26488162]
[80]
Wang, S. Advances study on the biological activity of gingerol. Chin. J. Public. Health, 2013, 29(10), 1549-1552.
[81]
Mi, Q.M.; Wen, H.Y.; Cao, L.N.; Zhong, R.Q. Clinical research and the way of zingiber fluid in the protection of platelet. Labor. Med., 2007, 6, 664-666.
[82]
Ali, B.H.; Blunden, G.; Tanira, M.O.; Nemmar, A. Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): A review of recent research. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2008, 46(2), 409-420.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.085] [PMID: 17950516]
[83]
Thomson, M.; Al-Qattan, K.K.; Al-Sawan, S.M.; Alnaqeeb, M.A.; Khan, I.; Ali, M. The use of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) as a potential anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agent. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, 2002, 67(6), 475-478.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/plef.2002.0441] [PMID: 12468270]
[84]
Kubra, I.R.; Rao, L.J. An impression on current developments in the technology, chemistry, and biological activities of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 2012, 52(8), 651-688.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.505689] [PMID: 22591340]
[85]
Liao, Y.R.; Leu, Y.L.; Chan, Y.Y.; Kuo, P.C.; Wu, T.S. Anti-platelet aggregation and vasorelaxing effects of the constituents of the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. Molecules, 2012, 17(8), 8928-8937.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules17088928] [PMID: 22836212]
[86]
Qiu, J.X.; Zhou, Z.W.; He, Z.X.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, S.F.; Zhu, S. Estimation of the binding modes with important human cytochrome P450 enzymes, drug interaction potential, pharmacokinetics, and hepatotoxicity of ginger components using molecular docking, computational, and pharmacokinetic modeling studies. Drug Des. Devel. Ther., 2015, 9, 841-866.
[PMID: 25733806]
[87]
Ding, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Zeng, L.H.; Chen, X.W.; Zheng, Y.L. Interaction between warfarin and ginger observed in our anticoagulation clinic: Case report and literature review. Clin. Med. J., 2017, 15, 67-69.
[88]
Shalansky, S.; Lynd, L.; Richardson, K.; Ingaszewski, A.; Kerr, C. Risk of warfarin-related bleeding events and supratherapeutic international normalized ratios associated with complementary and alternative medicine: a longitudinal analysis. Pharmacotherapy, 2007, 27(9), 1237-1247.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.27.9.1237] [PMID: 17723077]
[89]
Lee, W.; Ku, S.K.; Kim, M.A.; Bae, J.S. Anti-factor Xa activities of zingerone with anti-platelet aggregation activity. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2017, 105, 186-193.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.012] [PMID: 28414123]
[90]
Jiang, X.; Williams, K.M.; Liauw, W.S.; Ammit, A.J.; Roufogalis, B.D.; Duke, C.C.; Day, R.O.; McLachlan, A.J. Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2005, 59(4), 425-432.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02322.x] [PMID: 15801937]
[91]
Leung, V.W.; Shalansky, S.J.; Lo, M.K.; Jadusingh, E.A. Prevalence of use and the risk of adverse effects associated with complementary and alternative medicine in a cohort of patients receiving warfarin. Ann. Pharmacother., 2009, 43(5), 875-881.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1L631] [PMID: 19401475]
[92]
Xiaohui, Z.; Xinfeng, Z.; Xin, Z.; Shixiang, W.; Yinmao, W.; Jianbin, Z. Determination of the main bioactive metabolites of Radix salvia miltiorrhizae in compound Danshen dripping pills and the tissue distribution of Danshensu in rabbit by SPE-HPLC-MSn. J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 30(6), 851-857.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600287] [PMID: 17536730]
[93]
Ma, S.T.; Dai, G.L.; Cheng, X.G.; Zhao, W.Z.; Sun, B.T.; Ju, W.Z.; Tan, H.S. Synergistic action of Compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDDP) on Clopidogrel Bisulfate (CPG) counteracting platelet aggregation Zhong Yao Cai, 2014, 37(10), 1820-1825.
[PMID: 25895391]
[94]
Guo, L.D.; Zheng, D.R. The influence of Compound Danshen Dropping Pill in coronary heart disease on PT, APTT and FIB. J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 2009, 6(18), 87-88.
[95]
Shen, Y.; Hu, Y.L.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, J.M. Effects of Danshensu on maternal syndrome in phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine microvesicle induced-mouse model: Is it a candidate for preeclampsia remedy? Chin. Med. J. (Engl.), 2010, 123(7), 895-900.
[PMID: 20497684]
[96]
Shen, Y.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, Y. Favorable maternal and fetal effects of danshensu in an experimental mice model of preeclampsia. Hypertens. Pregnancy, 2011, 30(4), 465-480.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10641955.2010.507842] [PMID: 20964615]
[97]
Li, X-Y. Recommendations on the clinical use of compound danshen dripping pills. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.), 2017, 130(8), 972-978.
[PMID: 28397728]
[98]
Chu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Wang, X.Y.; Guo, J.H.; Guo, Z.X.; Ma, X.H. The effect of Compound danshen dripping pills, a Chinese herb medicine, on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2011, 137(3), 1457-1461.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.035] [PMID: 21878380]
[99]
Lv, C.; Liu, C.; Yao, Z.; Gao, X.; Sun, L.; Liu, J.; Song, H.; Li, Z.; Du, X.; Sun, J.; Li, Y.; Ye, K.; Wang, R.; Huang, Y. The clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin when combined with Compound Danshen: A case study for combined treatment of coronary heart diseases with atrial fibrillation. Front. Pharmacol., 2017, 8, 826.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00826] [PMID: 29209208]
[100]
Huang, Y.; Guo, B.; Shi, B.; Gao, Q.; Zhou, Q. Chinese herbal medicine Xueshuantong enhances cerebral blood flow and improves neural functions in alzheimer’s disease mice. J. Alzheimers Dis., 2018, 63(3), 1089-1107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170763] [PMID: 29710701]
[101]
Li, H.Q.; Wei, J.J.; Xia, W.; Li, J.H.; Liu, A.J.; Yin, S.B.; Wang, C.; Song, L.; Wang, Y.; Zheng, G.Q.; Fan, J.P. Promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis therapy for acute intracerebral hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2015, 36(6), 659-675.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aps.2014.139] [PMID: 25960132]
[102]
Jia, S.L.; Tang, H. Effect of Xueshuantong on prevention of deep venous thrombosis formation in postoperative elderly patients. China Reflexology, 2018, 14, 113-114.
[103]
Han, S.X.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Han, B.; Ge, Y.M.; Xiang, Y.H.; Liao, F.L.; You, Y. Anti-platelet adhesive effect and mechanisms of Xueshuantong capsules under flow conditions. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi, 2017, 42(2), 341-346.
[PMID: 28948741]
[104]
Sheng, S.; Wang, Y.; Long, C.; Su, W.; Rong, X. Chinese medicinal formula Fufang Xueshuantong capsule could inhibit the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip., 2014, 28(2), 322-326.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2014.911611] [PMID: 26019516]
[105]
Hu, Y.; Cui, X.; Zhang, Z.; Chen, L.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, C.; Yang, X.; Qu, Y.; Xiong, Y. Optimisation of ethanol-reflux extraction of saponins from steamed panax notoginseng by response surface methodology and evaluation of hematopoiesis effect. Molecules, 2018, 23(5), 23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051206] [PMID: 29772847]
[106]
Liu, H.; Liang, J.P.; Li, P.B.; Peng, W.; Peng, Y.Y.; Zhang, G.M.; Xie, C.S.; Long, C.F.; Su, W.W. Core bioactive components promoting blood circulation in the traditional Chinese medicine Compound Xueshuantong Capsule (CXC) based on the relevance analysis between chemical HPLC fingerprint and in vivo biological effects. PLoS One, 2014, 9(11)e112675
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112675] [PMID: 25396725]
[107]
Sheng, S.; Wang, J.; Wang, L.; Liu, H.; Li, P.; Liu, M.; Long, C.; Xie, C.; Xie, X.; Su, W. Network pharmacology analyses of the antithrombotic pharmacological mechanism of Fufang Xueshuantong capsule with experimental support using disseminated intravascular coagulation rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2014, 154(3), 735-744.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.048] [PMID: 24832112]
[108]
Luo, Y.X.; Lao, J.M.; Zheng, Z.W.; Shou, Z.X.; Shi, Z.J.; Ma, Y.L.; Wu, P.S. Clinical study on the prevention of portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy with low molecular weight heparin combined with Xueshuantong. Chin. Community Doctors, 2018, 34(13), 55-56.
[109]
Ren, T.; Ding, L.R.; Jiang, W.M. Clinical observation of Xueshuantong injection combined with low molecular weight heparin and warfarin on acute pulmonary thromboembolism. China Pharm., 2014, 25(44), 4190-4192.
[110]
Lu, H. Observation of Xueshuantong combined with low molecular weight heparin sodium in treating 30 cases of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Guide China Med, 2012, 8, 576-577.
[111]
Wang, J.; Sheng, J.; Xu, Z.J.; Yang, J.X.; Yang, J.W.; Hu, Y. The effect of SMY injection on clinical symptoms, plasma antithrombin III, thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Chin. J. Integr. Med., 1999, 19(4), 256.
[112]
Xu, Q.Y.; Wang, H.C.; Liu, W.X. Experimental studies on the mechanism of inhibition upon thrombus formation and blood coagulation in vitro with Shengmai injection. Chin. J. Integr. Med., 1986, 6(7), 428-430.
[113]
Jin, Y.R.; Yu, J.Y.; Lee, J.J.; You, S.H.; Chung, J.H.; Noh, J.Y. Im, J.H.; Han, X.H.; Kim, T.J.; Shin, K.S.; Wee, J.J.; Yun, Y.P. Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of Korean red ginseng extract. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2007, 100(3), 170-175.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.00033.x] [PMID: 17309520]
[114]
Lee, S.H.; Ahn, Y.M.; Ahn, S.Y.; Doo, H.K.; Lee, B.C. Interaction between warfarin and Panax ginseng in ischemic stroke patients. J. Altern. Complement. Med., 2008, 14(6), 715-721.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2007.0799] [PMID: 18637764]
[115]
Jiang, X.; Blair, E.Y.; McLachlan, A.J. Investigation of the effects of herbal medicines on warfarin response in healthy subjects: A population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling approach. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2006, 46(11), 1370-1378.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270006292124] [PMID: 17050802]
[116]
Xu, Z.L.; Liang, H.Y.; Hu, L.P.; Kang, T.G. Effects of deoxyschisandrin on hemorrheology and coagulation function in ulcerative colitis mice. Progr. Modern Biomed., 2017, 17, 4631-4634.
[117]
Zhang, Y.L.; Xi, M.Z.; Choi, Y.B.; Lee, B.H. Antithrombotic effect of fermented ophiopogon japonicus in thrombosis-induced rat models. J. Med. Food, 2017, 20(7), 637-645.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2016.3872] [PMID: 28598242]
[118]
Mu, Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhou, H.H.; Toma, D.; Ren, S.; Huang, L.; Yaramus, M.; Baum, A.; Venkataramanan, R.; Xie, W. Traditional Chinese medicines Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis Baill) and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) activate pregnane X receptor and increase warfarin clearance in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2006, 316(3), 1369-1377.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.105.094342] [PMID: 16267138]
[119]
Su, Q.; Li, Y. Interaction between warfarin and the herbal product Shengmai-yin: a case report of intracerebral hematoma. Yonsei Med. J., 2010, 51(5), 793-796.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2010.51.5.793] [PMID: 20635460]
[120]
Huang, X.W.; Zhang, D.D.; Wang, J.J.; Wang, Z.W.; Ye, D.D. Chemical composition and pharmacological action of Pueraria lobata. Jilin J. Chin. Med., 2018, 1, 87-89.
[121]
Zhang, Z.; Lam, T.N.; Zuo, Z. Radix Puerariae: An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical use. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2013, 53(8), 787-811.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcph.96] [PMID: 23677886]
[122]
Yu, Z.; Zhang, G.; Zhao, H. Effects of Puerariae isoflavone on blood viscosity, thrombosis and platelet function. Zhong Yao Cai, 1997, 20(9), 468-469.
[PMID: 12572427]
[123]
Li, S.W.; Feng, X.; Xu, H.; Chen, K.J. Comparison on anticoagulation and antiplatelet aggregation effects of puerarin with heparin sodium and tirofiban hydrochloride: an in vitro study. Chin. J. Integr. Med., 2018, 24(2), 103-108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11655-017-2419-7] [PMID: 29067595]
[124]
Feng, X.; Li, S.W.; Li, H.X.; Wu, Y.; Du, L. Comparison of the anticoagulant, anti-platelet effects of puerarin injection and low molecular weight heparin sodium injection in vitro using Sonoclot. Chin. J. Evid. Based. Cardiovasc. Med., 2017, 24, 183-186.
[125]
Liu, X.L.; Zhang, J.F.; Sun, Y.M.; Xu, Z.G.; Wang, Y.L.; Wang, X.; Han, X. Preventive effect of puerarin on the formation of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity after hip surgery in elderly women with osteoporosis. J. Pract. Med., 2017, 33(1), 118-120.
[126]
Tan, J. Clinical observation of puerarin injection combined with anticoagulation in the treatment for lower limb DVT syndrome. Modern J. Integr. Tradit. Chin. West Med, 2009, 18(36), 4486-4487.
[127]
Zheng, J.; Chen, B.; Jiang, B.; Zeng, L.; Tang, Z.R.; Fan, L.; Zhou, H.H. The effects of puerarin on CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 activities in vivo. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2010, 33(2), 243-246.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-010-0209-2] [PMID: 20195825]
[128]
Liu, A.C.; Zhao, L.X.; Yu, S.W.; Lou, H.X. Pre-treatment with puerarin affects pharmacokinetics of warfarin, but not clopidogrel, in experimental rats. Chin. J. Nat. Med., 2015, 13(4), 257-263.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(15)30012-1] [PMID: 25908622]
[129]
Ge, B.; Zhang, Z.; Lam, T.T.; Zuo, Z. Puerarin offsets the anticoagulation effect of warfarin in rats by inducing rCyps, upregulating vitamin K epoxide reductase and inhibiting thrombomodulin. Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 2017, 38(1), 33-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdd.2054] [PMID: 27925234]
[130]
Sun, M.; Zhang, J.J.; Shan, J.Z.; Zhang, H.; Jin, C.Y.; Xu, S.; Wang, Y.L. Clinical observation of Danhong Injection (herbal TCM product from Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae and Flos Carthami tinctorii) in the treatment of traumatic intracranial hematoma. Phytomedicine, 2009, 16(8), 683-689.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.020] [PMID: 19427180]
[131]
Zou, J.B.; Zhang, X.F.; Wang, J.; Wang, F.; Cheng, J.X.; Yang, F.Y.; Song, X.; Wang, Y.; Liang, Y.L.; Shi, Y.J. The Therapeutic efficacy of Danhong Injection combined with percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Pharmacol., 2018, 9, 550.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00550] [PMID: 29915535]
[132]
Zhao, T.; Chang, L.; Zhang, B.; Lu, M.; Wang, X.; Orgah, J.O.; Wang, Y.; Tian, X.; Yang, J.; Fan, G.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, Y. Specific combination of salvianolic acids as core active ingredients of Danhong injection for treatment of arterial thrombosis and its derived dry gangrene. Front. Pharmacol., 2017, 8, 361.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00361] [PMID: 28659797]
[133]
Zhou, X.; Tang, L.; Xu, Y.; Zhou, G.; Wang, Z. Towards a better understanding of medicinal uses of Carthamus tinctorius L. in traditional Chinese medicine: A phytochemical and pharmacological review. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2014, 151(1), 27-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.050] [PMID: 24212075]
[134]
Wang, K.H.; Li, S.F.; Zhao, Y.; Li, H.X.; Zhang, L.W. In vitro anticoagulant activity and active components of Safflower injection. Molecules, 2018, 23(1), 23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010170] [PMID: 29342933]
[135]
Yao, D.; Wang, Z.; Miao, L.; Wang, L. Effects of extracts and isolated compounds from safflower on some index of promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2016, 191, 264-272.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.009] [PMID: 27286914]
[136]
Hao, E.W.; Deng, J.G.; Du, Z.C.; Yan, K.; Zheng, Z.W.; Wang, Q.; Huang, L.Z.; Bao, C.H.; Deng, X.Q.; Lu, X.Y.; Tang, Z.L. Experimental study on two-way application of traditional Chinese medicines capable of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis with neutral property in cold and hot blood stasis syndrome I. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi, 2012, 37(21), 3302-3306.
[PMID: 23397734]
[137]
Zhu, H.B.; Zhang, L.; Wang, Z.H.; Tian, J.W.; Fu, F.H.; Liu, K.; Li, C.L. Therapeutic effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on focal cerebral ischemic injury in rats and its primary mechanisms. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 2005, 7(4), 607-613.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020310001625120] [PMID: 16087635]
[138]
Zhao, S.; Tang, Y.; Cai, H.; Liu, W.; Zhang, L.; Chen, D.; Chen, B. Treatment of Danhong injection combined with Naoxintong capsule in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing PCI operation: Study for a randomized controlled and double-blind trial. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2018, 20188485472
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8485472] [PMID: 29707035]
[139]
He, X. Clinical efficacy of Danhong injection combined with low molecular heparin in treating senile pulmonary embolism in 32 cases. China Pharmaceut, 2015, 24(4), 29-30.
[140]
Feng, L.; Liang, X.; Li, T.; Sun, J.; Liu, G. Influence of Danhong injection on anticoagulant effect of warfarin in rats in vivo. China Pharmacist, 2016, 19, 1-4.
[141]
Hu, J.; Li, J.L.; Wen, H.; Yu, W.P. Effects of Shenfu injection on coagulation function, D-dimer and plasma p-selectin in elderly patients during total hip replacement surgery. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2010, 90(29), 2044-2047.
[PMID: 21029641]
[142]
Zhou, J. Application of shenfu injection in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. J. Emerg. Tradit. Chin. Med., 2014, 23(10), 1891-1892.
[143]
Zhen, Y. Influence of Shenfu injection on foot nailfold microcirculation and coagulation indexes of patients undergoing hip replacement. J. Hainan Med. Univer., 2014, 20, 943-946.
[144]
Yin, Q.; Liu, B.; Wu, C.; Yang, J.; Hang, C.; Li, C. Effects of Shen-Fu injection on coagulation-fibrinolysis disorders in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Am. J. Emerg. Med., 2016, 34(3), 469-476.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.010] [PMID: 26851885]
[145]
Hong, F.; He, C.; Liu, X.; Tu, G.; Guo, F.; Yang, S. Protective effect of Shenfu injection on thromboangiitis obliterans model rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2011, 138(2), 458-462.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.033] [PMID: 21982791]
[146]
Xu, Q.; Yu, L.; Zhang, X.; Chen, R.; Chen, Q. Effects of aconite and evodia corni on experimental thrombosis and coagulation system. Xibei Yaoxue Zazhi, 1990, 5(2), 9-11.
[147]
Ain, Q.U.; Khan, H.; Mubarak, M.S.; Pervaiz, A. Plant Alkaloids as antiplatelet agent: Drugs of the future in the light of recent developments. Front. Pharmacol., 2016, 7, 292.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00292] [PMID: 27713699]
[148]
Ge, Y.; Mu, S.; Zhang, J.; Wang, Y.; Sun, Q.; Hao, X. Diterpenoid alkaloids from roots of Aconitum recemulosum and their inhibitory effects on PAF-induced platelet aggregation. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi, 2009, 34(15), 1935-1937.
[PMID: 19894538]
[149]
H.S.. Pyo, M.K.; Park, K.M.; Chang, K.C.; Lee, D.H. Anti-thrombotic effects of higenamine. Planta Med., 2001, 67, 619-622.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-17361]
[150]
Yun-Choi, H.S.; Pyo, M.K.; Chang, K.C.; Lee, D.H. The effects of higenamine on LPS-induced experimental Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) in rats. Planta Med., 2002, 68(4), 326-329.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-26741] [PMID: 11988856]
[151]
Zhang, W.X.; Duan, D.R.; Zhang, Z.Y.; Ying, X.M.; Lu, H.P.; Zhao, J.J.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, B.; Gao, W. Influence of Shenfu injection combined with low molecular weight heparin on serum NT-ProBNP, cystatin C, coagulation function and prognosis in children with pyemia. China J. Modern Med, 2017, 27(2), 61-65.
[152]
Liu, R.; Wang, J. Application of shenfu injection combined with low molecular weight heparin in severe patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease. Med. Inn. China, 2018, 15, 42-45.
[153]
Liu, C. The emergency treatment of acute myocardial infarction with shenfu injection combined aspirin, clopidogrel and LMWH. J. Clin. Med. Liter, 2017, 4, 15426.
[154]
Tang, X. 49 cases of acute myocardial infarction treated with Shenfu injection. Guide China Med., 2013, 11, 172-173.
[155]
Zhou, L.; Wang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Lau, B.S.; Fung, K.P.; Leung, P.C.; Zuo, Z. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of Danshen-Gegen extract with warfarin and aspirin. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2012, 143(2), 648-655.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.029] [PMID: 22867637]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy