Bio-based polymers are materials that are produced from renewable resources. Their biodegradable properties are the driver of worldwide interest among researchers and manufacturers in recent years due to the demand and need for alternatives to fossil fuel based polymers. The use of biodegradable polymers creates a sustainable industry. In contrast, the raw materials for synthetic polymers derived from petrochemicals will eventually deplete and most of them are non-biodegradable. Despite these advantages, bio-based polymers account for only a tiny fraction of the total global plastic market. Non-biodegradability issues of synthetic pharmaceutical inactive ingredients strongly emphasized innovators towards the development of biopolymers. Recently natural biodegradable excipients gained significant attention due to their sustainability and engineered applications. Innovative technologies to transform these materials into value-added chemicals via novel graft-polymerization or co-processing techniques for the production of high-performance multifunctional and low-cost polymers with tunable structures are key parts of its sustainable development. Biopolymers Towards Green and Sustainable Development elaborates on important issues that surround bio-based polymers. It gives the reader an overview of biopolymers, the impact of non-biodegradable polymers on the environment and health, emerging sources of biodegradable polymers, structural and morphological characterization techniques, thermomechanical properties, biodegradable plastics from biopolymers, pharmaceutical, biomedical, and textile applications, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. with a brief on bibliometric. Moreover, a brief bibliometric meta-analysis on bio-based pharmaceutical excipients provides an update about teams involved in the development of polymeric research that may be of interest to anyone who wants to work on sustainable biopolymer projects. Key Features - provides an updated summary on recently discovered natural polymeric materials - gives a thorough breakdown of the vast range of biopolymer applications including fabrication of conventional and novel drug delivery, polymeric scaffolds, composites, microneedles, and green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, -summarizes pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the inactive pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients - presents a bibliometric meta-analysis indicating potential collaboration between country, organization, institution, and authors with a view on recent ongoing trends with biopolymers.

This reference explores the science of signaling mechanisms associated with diseases like endocrine, metabolic, and immune disorders which are linked to oxidative stress-mediated disease mechanisms. The common diseases in these categories include diabetes mellitus and arthritis and conditions defined by inflammation and autoimmunity. These diseases involve metabolic pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species or free radicals. The pathways are targets in the mechanism of drugs that aim to treat related disorders. The book covers key topics in free radical biology that help to understand the nature of the pathways and the pharmacology of the drugs that are designed to target them. 5 chapters elucidate the free radical biology of the diseases. 1. Role of free radical biology in diabetes mellitus 2. Role of GSK3 in the regulation of insulin release and glucose metabolism 3. Regulatory role of NRF2 in rheumatoid arthritis 4. Role of free radical biology in Alzheimer's disease 5. Regulatory role of immune cells mediated antibody on rheumatoid arthritis Key features: - Elucidates the key biochemical and pharmacological mechanisms that are mediated by free radicals in common endocrine, metabolic and immune diseases - Explains the activation of immunological factors (like RF and ACPA) that trigger inflammation and arthritis - Covers the role of free radicals in Alzheimer's disease and new interventions that target mitochondrial mechanisms - Systematically explains the molecular biology of free radicals with the help of schematic diagrams - Includes references for further reading The accessible and structured text in this reference makes it a suitable resource for all biomedical scientists, faculty, and postgraduate students in academia and industry.

Aluminium is a chemical element present in earth’s crust and it is a known environmental toxin which has been found to be associated with various neurological disorders. Aluminium has been found to be a very strong risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminium Induced Neurological Disorders explains the association of aluminium with neurological disorders. The book introduces the reader to sources of aluminium exposure, followed by an explanation of pharmacokinetics of aluminium and the different biochemical pathways that cause neurological effects. Chapters cover the typical mechanisms associated with aluminium neurotoxicity such as synaptic impairment as well as recent topics of interest such as the role of aluminum in impairing blood-brain barrier functions. Separate chapters which cover clinical evidence of aluminium toxicity and its management are also included in the book. Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminium Induced Neurological Disorders is a concise, yet informative reference on the subject of aluminium neurotoxicity for all readers, whether they are students of biochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, clinical neurologists, environmentalists interested in metal pollution or general readers who want to learn about the toxic effects of aluminium in humans.

Biochemistry: Fundamentals and Bioenergetics presents information about the basic and applied aspects of the chemistry of living organisms. The textbook covers the scope and importance of biochemistry, the latest physical techniques to determine biomolecular structure, detailed classification, structure and function of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, enzymes and hormones. Readers will also learn about processes central to energy metabolism including photosynthesis and respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, DNA replication, transcription and translation, recombinant DNA technology. Key Features - logical approach to biochemistry with several examples - 10 organized chapters on biochemistry fundamentals and metabolism - focus on biomolecules and biochemical processes - references for further reading

Mind Maps in Clinical Chemistry presents information about clinical laboratory techniques for junior healthcare professionals, medical residents and students. Each chapter enables readers to suggest, arrange and interpret clinical chemistry tests effectively with the objective of enhancing clinical care. Chapters of this part cover a range of topics focused on biochemical analysis including tumor detection, special topics in clinical biochemistry, the clinical chemistry of diseases, lab instrumentation and reference ranges of diseases. Key Features i. Topic-based presentation through 31 chapters in 6 sections ii. Coverage of practical and theoretical knowledge iii. Lucid and integrated presentation of concepts iv. Wide range of topics covered including tumor detection, special topics in clinical biochemistry, the clinical chemistry of diseases, lab instrumentation, and reference ranges in medical diagnosis v. Packed with practical lab testing information Mind Maps in Clinical Chemistry is an ideal textbook for quick and easy learning of clinical laboratory knowledge for undergraduate and graduate students as well as teachers instructing courses at these levels.

Bentham Briefs in Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy brings new trends and techniques in pharmacology and medical biochemistry to the forefront through unique volumes. Each volume provides a brief review of selected topics, written by scientific experts. The book series is essential reading for graduate students and researchers in pharmacology and life sciences as well as medical professionals seeking knowledge for research oriented projects. The first volume, Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants, is a compilation of articles about free radicals (which are extremely reactive, short-lived molecules with unpaired electron valency), and antioxidants (which are stabilizing agents of free radicals in the body). The volume presents 17 chapters on the biochemistry of free radicals and antioxidants, with contributions from over 60 scientists. Readers will understand the basic and clinical aspects of free radical biomedicine, the role of antioxidants in neutralizing free radicals through physiological homeostasis, as well as the range of natural compounds which can be used to combat oxidative stress. The chapters also cover special topics such as recent advances in preparation methods of antioxidants, and industrial applications of antioxidants. The range of topics in this volume provide a consolidated reference for a broad set of readers on the subject.

Mind Maps in Clinical Chemistry presents information about clinical laboratory techniques with the for junior healthcare professionals, medical residents and students. Book chapters provide guides which enable readers to suggest, arrange and interpret clinical chemistry tests effectively to enhance clinical care. Chapters of the book cover range of topics relevant to laboratory testing, clinical physiology and medical biochemistry which will equip readers with adequate knowledge on the subject. Key Features i. Topic-based presentation over 24 chapters ii. Coverage of practical and theoretical knowledge iii. Lucid and integrated presentation of concepts iv. Wide range of topics covered including laboratory testing, clinical physiology of organs and systems as well as endocrinology and toxicology v. packed with practical lab testing information Mind Maps in Clinical Chemistry is an ideal textbook for quick and easy learning of clinical laboratory knowledge for undergraduate and graduate students as well as teachers instructing courses at these levels.

Mind Maps in Biochemistry presents a series of concept and knowledge maps about biochemical compounds, systems and techniques. The book illustrates the relationships between commonly used terms in the subject to convey the meaning of ideas and concepts that facilitate a basic understanding about the subject for readers. Chapters of the book cover both basic topics (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleotides, enzymes, metabolic pathways, nutrition and physiology) as well as applied topics (clinical diagnosis, diseases, genetic engineering and molecular biology). Key Features i. Topic-based presentation over 16 chapters ii. Coverage of basic and applied knowledge iii. Detailed tables, flow diagrams and illustrations with functional information about metabolic pathways and related concepts iv. Essay and multiple-choice questions with solutions v. Exercises for students to construct their own mind maps, designed to improve analytical skills Mind Maps in Biochemistry is an ideal textbook for quick and easy learning for high school and college level students studying biochemistry as well as teachers instructing courses at these levels.