An online submission and tracking service
Manuscripts must be submitted by one of the authors of the manuscript, and should not be submitted by anyone on their behalf. The principal/corresponding author will be required to submit a Copyright Letter along with the manuscript, on behalf of all the co-authors (if any) to confirm that the manuscript (or any part of it) has not been published previously or is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. Furthermore, any illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. The figures from patent documents are freely available on the databases and may not require any permission unless stated otherwise.
The author's time is valuable and should not be wasted on research formatting. Free Format Submission makes it easier and faster to prepare text for submission.
When submitting to any Bentham journal, authors are not required to follow any formatting guidelines. When an article is accepted for publication, authors can submit it in the format of their choice, and Bentham will convert it into a journal-specific format for them.
If the submission is accepted for publication, Bentham will format it in accordance with the style and format of the journal.
For all online submissions, please provide soft copies ofall the materials (main text in MS Word or
Tex/LaTeX), figures/illustrations in TIFF, PDF or JPEG, and chemical structures drawn in ChemDraw
(CDX) / ISISDraw (TGF) as separate files, while a PDF version of the entire manuscript must also be
included, embedded with all the figures/illustrations/tables/chemical structures,
It is imperative that before submission, the author(s) should carefully proofread the files for special characters, mathematical symbols, Greek letters, equations, tables, references and images to ensure that they appear in proper format.
References, figures, tables, chemical structures,
A successful electronic submission of a manuscript will be followed by a system-generated acknowledgement to the principal/corresponding author. Any queries therein should be addressed to info@benthamscience.org
The editorial policies of Bentham Science Publishers on publication ethics, peer-review, plagiarism, copyrights/ licenses, errata/corrections, and article retraction/ withdrawal can be viewed at Editorial Policy
The journal accepts mini- and full-length review articles, original research articles and drug clinical trial studies written in English. Single topic/thematic issues may also be considered for publication.
These special issues are peer-reviewed and may contain invited or uninvited review/mini-review articles or a mixture of research articles, and reviews/mini-reviews. A Single Topic Issue Editor will offer a short perspective and co-ordinate the solicitation of manuscripts between 3-5 (for a mini-thematic issue) to 6-10 (for a full-length thematic issue) from leading scientists. Authors interested in editing a single topic issue in an emerging field of outstanding developments in medical imaging may submit their proposal to the Editor-in-Chief at rptmi@benthamscience.org for consideration.
For proposals to publish conference proceedings in this journal, please contact us at email: proceedings@benthamscience.org
Research articles should be 4000-8000 words excluding figures, structures, photographs, schemes,
tables,
Mini-reviews should be 3000- 6000 words excluding figures, structures, photographs, schemes, tables,
Full-length reviews should be 8000-40000 words excluding figures, structures, photographs, schemes,
tables,
The manuscript should be written in English in a clear, direct and active style. All pages must be numbered sequentially, facilitating in the reviewing and editing of the manuscript.
It is advisable that authors prepare their manuscript using the template available on the Web, which will assist in preparation of the manuscript according to Journal's Format. Download the Template.
Our contracted service provider Eureka Science can, if needed, provide professional assistance to authors for the improvement of English language and figures in manuscripts.
Manuscripts may be divided into the following sections:
Copyright Letter Title Short Running Title: Authors’ Names and Affiliations: Structured Abstract Graphical Abstract Keywords Text Organization List of Abbreviations (if any) Acknowledgements Conflict of Interest References Appendices Tables (if any) Figures/Illustrations (if any) Chemical Structures (if any) Supportive/Supplementary Material (if any) Authors who publish in Bentham Science print & online journals will transfer copyright to their work to Bentham Science Publishers. Submission of a manuscript to the respective journals implies that all authors have read and agreed to the content of the Copyright Letter or the Terms and Conditions. It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication. Once submitted to the journal, the author will not withdraw their manuscript at any stage prior to publication. It is mandatory that a signed copyright letter also be submitted along with the manuscript by the author to whom correspondence is to be addressed. The article should not contain any such material or information that may be unlawful, defamatory, fabricated, plagiarized, or which would, if published, in any way whatsoever, violate the terms and conditions as laid down in the copyright agreement. Copyright letter can be downloaded from the journal's Web site. Download the Copyright letter. Authors should also provide a short 'running title with no more than 80 characters'. Title, running
title, byline, correspondent footnote, and keywords should be written as presented in the original
manuscript. Authors must provide a short ‘running title’ of their manuscript. The names of the authors should be provided according to the previous citations or as the authors
would want them to be published along with the institutional affiliations, current address,
telephone, cell & fax numbers and the email address. Email address must be provided with an
asterisk in front of the name of the principal author. The corresponding author should also be
designated and the full address, telephone, cell & fax numbers and the email address must be
stated to receive correspondence and galley proofs. The abstract of an article should be its clear, concise and accurate summary, having no more than 250
words, and including the explicit sub-headings (as in-line or run-in headings in bold). Use of
abbreviations should be avoided and the references should not be cited in the abstract. Ideally,
each abstract should include the following sub-headings, but these may vary according to
requirements of the article. Background Objective Method Results Conclusion A graphic must be included with each manuscript for use in the Table of Contents (TOC). This must be
submitted separately as an electronic file (preferred file types are EPS, PDF, TIFF, Microsoft Word,
PowerPoint, CDX, Graphical Abstracts should be submitted as a separate file (must clearly mention graphical abstract
within the file) online 6 to 8 keywords must be provided. The main text should begin on a separate page and should be divided into title page, abstract and the
main text. The text may be subdivided further according to the areas to be discussed, which should
be followed by the Acknowledgements, and Reference sections. For Research Articles the manuscript
should begin with the Title page and Abstract followed by the main text, which must be structured
into separate sections as Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, List
of Abbreviations, Conflict of Interest, Acknowledgements and References. The Review Article should
mention any previous important, recent and old reviews in the field and contain a comprehensive
discussion starting with the general background of the field. It should then go on to discuss the
salient features of recent developments in the field. The authors should avoid presenting material
which has already been published in a previous review. The authors are advised to present and
discuss their observations in brief. The manuscript style must be uniform throughout the text and
10pt Times New Roman fonts should be used. The full term for an abbreviation should precede its
first appearance in the text unless it is a standard unit of measurement. Italics should be used for
Binomial names of organisms (Genus and Species), for emphasis and for unfamiliar words or phrases.
Non-assimilated words from Latin or other languages should also be italicized All clinical investigations must be conducted according to the Declaration
of Helsinki principles. Authors must comply with the guidelines of the International
Committee of Medical Journal Editors (http://www.icmje.org) with regard to the patient's consent
for research or participation in a study. Patients' names, initials, or hospital numbers must
not be mentioned anywhere in the manuscript (including figures). Editors may request that
authors provide documentation of the formal review and recommendation from the institutional
review board or ethics committee responsible for oversight of the study. In addition to the standard patient consent for participation in research, authors are
responsible for obtaining patient consent-to-disclose forms for all recognizable patients in
photographs, videos, or other information that may be published in the Journal, in derivative
works, or on the journal's web site for providing the manuscript to the recognizable patient for
review before submission. The consent-to-disclose form should indicate specific use (publication
in the medical literature in print and online, with the understanding that patients and the
public will have access) of the patient's information and any images in figures or videos, and
must contain the patient's signature or that of a legal guardian along with a statement that the
patient or legal guardian has been offered the opportunity to review the identifying materials
and the accompanying manuscript. For research involving animals, the authors should indicate whether the procedures followed were
in accordance with the standards set forth in the eighth edition of Guide for the Care and Use
of Laboratory Animals (grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals_prepub;
published by the National Academy of Sciences, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.).
A specific declaration of such approval and consent-to-disclose form must be made in the cover
letter and in a stand-alone paragraph at the end of the Methods section especially in the case
of human studies where inclusion of a statement regarding obtaining the written informed consent
from each subject or subject's guardian is a must. The original should be retained by the
guarantor or corresponding author. Editors may request to provide the original forms by fax or
email. In case of a patent review article, authors should review the most recent and important patents
based on the topic covered. Coverage of novel inventions, methods, techniques and designs in all
areas of imaging should be emphasized, including the significance of the reported patents. The review/research article should conclude with a short section called “Current & Future
Developments”. The author(s) will give their opinion on the current and future important
developments on the topic discussed in their article. Greek symbols and special characters often undergo formatting changes and get corrupted or lost
during preparation of a manuscript for publication. To ensure that all special characters used
are embedded in the text, these special characters should be inserted as a symbol but should not
be a result of any format styling (Symbol font face) otherwise they will be lost during the
conversion to PDF/XML. Authors are encouraged to consult reporting guidelines. These guidelines provide a set of
recommendations comprising a list of items relevant to their specific research design. Only ISO symbols, written in italic, should be used for the various parameters. All kinds of
measurements should be reported only in International System of Units (SI). SI units should
always be written in Roman and separated from the numerical value by a space (whatever the
language). The μ in μg or μm should be in Roman. The symbol for litre is L and that for minute
is min. For temperature, please use only one of °C, °F or K in the entire manuscript. As the
Angström (1Å = 10-10 m) is not an SI unit, it should be replaced by the nanometre
(1nm = 10-9 m) or by the picometer (1pm = 10-12 m): 1Å = 0.1nm = 100 pm.
Multiple units should be written with negative superscripts (for example, 25mgμL-1
μs-1). The list of notations should appear just before the first paragraph of full
text. A list of symbols and units should be provided if used extensively throughout the text. A small paragraph summarizing the contents of the article, presenting the final outcome of the
research or proposing further study on the subject, may be given at the end of the article under the
Conclusion section. If abbreviations are used in the text either they should be defined in the text where first used, or
a list of abbreviations can be provided. Any research assistants or other individuals who assisted with the research but are not listed as authors, such as those who carried out the literature review, produced, computerized, and analyzed the data, or helped with the language, writing, or proofreading of the article, or offered any comments or suggestions, should be acknowledged. Briefly, everyone who has contributed significantly to the improvement of the paper should be acknowledged. It is recommended to mention the "Declared None" if there is no acknowledgement for the study. The specific requirements for authorship have been defined by the International Committee of Medical
Journal Editors (ICMJE; www.icmje.org). Examples of authors' contributions are: 'designed
research/study', 'performed research/study', 'contributed important reagents', 'collected data',
'analyzed data', 'wrote paper', Financial contributions and any potential conflict of interest must be clearly acknowledged under the
heading 'Conflict of Interest'. Authors must list the source(s) of funding for the study. This
should be done for each author. References must be listed in the Vancouver Style only. All references should be numbered sequentially
[in square brackets] in the text and listed in the same numerical order in the reference section.
The reference numbers must be finalized and the bibliography must be fully formatted before
submission. See below few examples of references listed in the Vancouver Style: Boehm M, Nabel EG. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 - A new cardiac regulator. N Engl J
Med 2002; 347: 1795-7. Crabtree RH. The organometallic chemistry of the transition metals. 3rd ed.
New York: Wiley & Sons 2001. Yeh DC, Rocco T. In: David EG, Armen HT, Ehrin JA, April WA, Eds. Integrative
cardiovascular pharmacology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2005:
pp. 375-83. Jakeman DL, Withers SGE. Carbohydrate bioengineering: interdisciplinary approaches.
Hoffman BJ. Metabolism: amino acid transporters as targets for therapeutic intervention.
National Library of Medicine. Specialized information services: Toxicology and
environmental health. Available at: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html
(Accessed on: May 23, 2009). Mackel H. Capturing the spectra of silicon solar cells. PhD Thesis, The Australian
National University, Canberra, Australia, December 2004. As a service, the Publishers can provide each author a certain number of relevant patents to
assist them in writing their article. All patent application references will be provided by the
author and will be published as it is. All inventors' names of the cited patents must be stated with the title, publication number and
the year of publication Citation of the patents will be according to the international convention as follows: Miranda J, Sablotsky S. Solubility parameter based drug delivery system and method
for altering drug saturation concentration. WO9300058, 1993. Huang D, Qi DF. Protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol and their use as synergistic
anti-cancer agents. WO03024459, 2003. Balzarini J, Liekens S. Anti-cancer combination therapy. WO2009138507, 2009. Strelchenok O. New compounds for the treatment of cancer. US20010018425, 2001. Landau BR, Landau S. Treatment of cancer with 2-Deoxygalactose. US20090163442, 2009.
Sakamoto I, Takagi K. Anti-cancer device. US4536387, 1985. Baguley BC, Ching L-M, Philpott M. Cancer treatment by combination therapy.
US7510830, 2009. Rimm DL, Wardlaw SC, Levine RA, Fiedler P. Method for the detection, identification,
enumeration and confirmation of circulating cancer cells and/or hemotologic
progenitor cells in whole blood. EP0919812A2, 1999. Miller TM, Jamison JM. Non-toxic anti-cancer drug combining ascorbate, magnesium and
a naphthoquinone. EP2034835A2, 2009. Some important points to remember: Superscripts in the in-text citations and reference section should be avoided. Abstracts, unpublished data and personal communications (which can only be included
if prior permission has been obtained) should not be given in the reference section
but they may be mentioned in the text and details provided as footnotes. The authors are encouraged to use a recent version of EndNote (version 5 and above)
or Reference Manager (version 10) when formatting their reference list, as this
allows references to be automatically extracted.
Data Tables should be submitted in Microsoft Word table format.
Each table should include a title/caption being explanatory in itself with respect to the details discussed in the table. Detailed legends may then follow.
Table number in bold font
Tables should be embedded in the text exactly according to their appropriate placement in the submitted manuscript.
Columns and rows of data should be made visibly distinct by ensuring that the borders of each cell are displayed as black lines.
Tables should be numbered in Arabic numerals sequentially in order of their citation in the body of the text.
If a reference is cited in both the table and text, please insert a lettered footnote in the table to refer to the numbered reference in the text.
Tabular data provided as additional files can be submitted as an Excel spreadsheet.
All authors must strictly follow the guidelines below for preparing illustrations for publication in
Illustrations should be provided as separate files, embedded in the text file, and must be numbered consecutively in the order of their appearance. Each figure should include only a single illustration which should be cropped to minimize the amount of space occupied by the illustration.
If a figure is in separate parts, all parts of the figure must be provided in a single composite illustration file.
Photographs should be provided with a scale bar if appropriate, as well as high-resolution component files.
Line Art image type is normally an image based on lines and text. It does not contain tonal or shaded areas. The preferred file format should be TIFF or EPS, with the color mode being Monochrome 1-bit or RGB, in a resolution of 900-1200 dpi.
Halftone image type is a continuous tone photograph containing no text. It should have the preferred file format TIFF, with color mode being RGB or Grayscale, in a resolution of 300 dpi.
Combination image type is an image containing halftone, text or line art elements. It should have the preferred file format TIFF, with color mode being RGB or Grayscale, in a resolution of 500-900 dpi.
Illustrations may be submitted in the following file formats:
Bentham Science does not process figures submitted in GIF format.
For TIFF or EPS figures with considerably large file size restricting the file size in online submissions is advisable. Authors may therefore convert to JPEG format before submission as this results in significantly reduced file size and upload time, while retaining acceptable quality. JPEG is a ‘lossy’ format. However, in order to maintain acceptable image quality, it is recommended that JPEG files are saved at High or Maximum quality.
Zipit or Stuffit tools should not be used to compress files prior to submission as the resulting compression through these tools is always negligible.
Please refrain from supplying:
Graphics embedded in word processor (spreadsheet, presentation) document.
Optimized files optimized for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG) because of the low resolution.
Files with too low a resolution.
Graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
There are many software packages, many of them freeware or shareware, capable of converting to and from different graphics formats, including PNG.
General tools for image conversion include Graphic Converter on the Macintosh, Paint Shop Pro, for Windows, and ImageMagick, available on Macintosh, Windows and UNIX platforms.
Bitmap images (
The cost for each individual page of color figures/plates/illustrations is
Color figures should be supplied in CMYK and not in RGB colors.
Chemical structures MUST be prepared in ChemDraw (CDX) and provided as separate file.
[As according to the ACS style sheet]
Chain angle
120°
Bond spacing
18% of width
Fixed length
14.4 pt (0.500cm, 0.2in)
Bold width
2.0 pt (0.071cm, 0.0278in)
Line width
0.6 pt (0.021cm, 0.0084in)
Margin width
1.6 pt (0.096cm)
Hash spacing
2.5 pt (0.088cm, 0.0347in)
Font
Times New Roman
Size
8 pt
Units
points
Tolerances
3 pixels
Paper
US letter
Scale
100%
We do encourage to append supportive material, for example a PowerPoint file containing information about the
study, a PowerPoint file containing additional screenshots, a Word, RTF, or PDF document showing the
original instrument(s) used, a video, or the original data (SAS/SPSS files, Excel files, Access Db files,
Supportive/Supplementary material intended for publication must be numbered and referred to in the manuscript but should not be a part of the submitted paper. In-text citations as well as a section with the heading "Supportive/Supplementary Material" before the "References" section should be provided. All Supportive/Supplementary Material must be listed and include a brief caption line for each file describing its contents.
Any additional files will be linked to the final published article in the form supplied by the author, but will not be displayed within the paper. They will be made available in exactly the same form as originally provided only on our website. Please also make sure that each additional file is a single table, figure or movie (please do not upload linked worksheets or PDF files larger than one sheet). Supportive/Supplementary material must be provided in a single zipped file not larger than 4 MB.
Authors must clearly indicate if these files are not for publication but meant for the reviewers'/editors' perusal only.
Permission to Reuse Bentham Content
Bentham Science has collaborated with the Copyright Clearance Center to meet our customer’s licensing, besides rights & permission needs.
The Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink® service makes it faster and easier to secure permission from Bentham Science’s journal titles. Visit Journals by Title and locate the desired content. Then go to the article’s abstract and click on “Rights and Permissions” to open the RightsLink’s page. If authors can't find the content they are looking for or can't get the rights they need, please contact us at permissions@benthamscience.net
Third-Party Permissions
Authors are responsible for managing the inclusion of third-party content as an author/editor of a work. We refer to 'third party content' as any work that authors haven't developed themselves and have copied or adapted from other sources. Text, figures, photographs, tables, screenshots, and other items may be included.
Unless the figure is in the public domain (copyright-free) or permitted for use under Creative Commons or other open licences, the author must get permission from the copyright holder(s).
Published/reproduced material should not be included unless written permission has been obtained from the copyright holder, which should be forwarded to the Editorial Office in case of acceptance of the article for publication.
Articles are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted distribution and reproduction in any medium, as long as the work is properly credited/attributed. For more details, please visit Open Access Policy
All papers submitted for publication are immediately subjected to editorial scrutiny, usually in consultation with members of the journal Editorial Advisory Board and outside independent reviewers. Every effort will be made to peer review submitted papers quickly. Papers which are delayed by authors in revision for more than 30 days will have to be re-submitted as a new submission. Papers accepted for publication are typeset and proofs are dispatched to authors for any corrections prior to final publication.
Manuscripts submitted containing language inconsistencies will not be published. Authors must seek professional assistance for correction of grammatical, scientific and typographical errors. Professional team available at Eureka Science may assist you in the English language editing of your article. Please contact Eureka Science for a language editing quote at e-mail: info@eureka-science.com stating the total number of words of the article to be edited.
영문 오타가 많은 원고는 출판되지 않을 것입니다. 영문 오타를 없애겠다는 조건으로 받은 원고는 영어 편집 전문회사인 유럽 공동 기술개발 기구로부터 가격 견적서가 보내 질 것입니다. 영어 작문에 어려움이 있는 비영어권 국가의 저자들은 원고를 학술지에 제출하기 전에 영어 편집회사와 접촉할 것을 권합니다. 영어 편집 견적서를 받기 위해서 교정될 원고의 단어수를 적은 메일을 유럽 공동 기술개발 기구 메일인 info@eureka-science.com 로 보내시기 바랍니다.
含有很多英文印刷错误的提交稿将不予发表。接受发表的稿件其英文写作应是正确的；专业的语言编辑公司（尤里卡科学），可对稿件的英文润色提供报价。建议非英语国家、且英文写作欠佳的作者在投稿前先与语言编辑公司联系。请与尤里卡科学联系 info@eureka-science.com.
Les manuscrits soumis avec plusieurs erreurs typographiques en Anglais ne seront pas publiés en l’état. Les manuscrits sont acceptés pour publication à la condition que l'anglais utilisé soit corrigé après la soumission et seront envoyés pour examen à Eureka Science, une société d'édition de langue professionnelle. Les auteurs en provenance de pays où la langue est différente de l'anglais et qui ont de médiocres compétences en anglais écrit, sont priés de contacter la société d'édition de langue avant de soumettre leur manuscrit à la revue. Merci de contacter Eureka Science à info@eureka-science.com pour un devis en indiquant le nombre total de mot de l’article à éditer.
Authors will receive page proofs of their accepted paper before publications. To avoid delays in publication, proofs should be checked immediately for typographical errors and returned within 48 hours. Major changes are not acceptable at the proof stage.
The corresponding author will be solely responsible for ensuring that the revised version of the manuscript incorporating all the submitted corrections receives the approval of all the co-authors of the manuscript.
Printed reprints and e-prints may be ordered from the Publisher prior to publication of the article. First named authors may also order a personal print and online subscription of the journal at 50% off the normal subscription rate by contacting the subscription department at e-mail: subscriptions@benthamscience.org.
Bentham Science also offers authors the choice of “Open Access Plus (Gold Open Access)” publication of
articles at a fee of
For more information please contact us at e-mail: openaccess@benthamscience.org
Authors who publish in Bentham Science Journals will transfer copyright to their work to Bentham Science Publishers. Submission of a manuscript to the respective journals implies that all authors have read and agreed to the content of the Copyright Letter or the Terms and Conditions. It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication. Once submitted to the journal, the author will not withdraw their manuscript at any stage prior to publication.
By signing the Copyright Letter the authors retain the rights of self-archiving. Following are the important features of self- archiving policy of Bentham Science journals:
Authors can deposit the first draft of a submitted article on their personal websites, their institution’s repositories or any non-commercial repository for personal use, internal institutional use or for permitted scholarly posting.
Authors may deposit the ACCEPTED VERSION of the peer-reviewed article on their personal websites,
their institution’s repository or any non-commercial repository such as PMC, arXiv after
If the research is funded by NIH, Wellcome Trust or any other Open Access Mandate, authors are allowed the archiving of published version of manuscripts in an institutional repository after the mandatory embargo period. Authors should first contact the Editorial Office of the journal for information about depositing a copy of the manuscript to a repository. Consistent with the copyright agreement, Bentham Science does not allow archiving of FINAL PUBLISHED VERSION of manuscripts.
The link to the original source of publication should be provided by inserting the DOI number of the
article in the following sentence: “The published manuscript is available at EurekaSelect via
https://www.eurekaselect.com/openurl/content.php?genre=article&doi=
There is no embargo on the archiving of articles published under the OPEN ACCESS PLUS (GOLD OPEN ACCESS) category. Authors are allowed deposition of such articles on institutional, non-commercial repositories and personal websites immediately after publication on the journal website.
Bentham Science Publishers uses the iThenticate software to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts. iThenticate software checks content against a database of periodicals, the Internet, and a comprehensive article database. It generates a similarity report, highlighting the percentage overlap between the uploaded article and the published material. Any instance of content overlap is further scrutinized for suspected plagiarism according to the publisher's Editorial Policies. Bentham Science allows an overall similarity of 20% for a manuscript to be considered for publication. The similarity percentage is further checked keeping the following important points in view:
The text of every submitted manuscript is checked using the Content Tracking mode in iThenticate. The Content Tracking mode ensures that manuscripts with an overall low percentage similarity (but which may have a higher similarity from a single source) are not overlooked. The acceptable limit for similarity of text from a single source is 5%. If the similarity level is above 5%, the manuscript is returned to the author for paraphrasing the text and citing the original source of the copied material.
It is important to mention that the text taken from different sources with an overall low similarity percentage will be considered as a plagiarized content if the majority of the article is a combination of copied material.
There may be some manuscripts with an overall low similarity percentage, but a higher percentage from a single source. A manuscript may have less than 20% overall similarity but there may be 15 % similar text taken from a single article. The similarity index in such cases is higher than the approved limit for a single source. Authors are the advised to thoroughly rephrase the similar text and properly cite the original source to avoid plagiarism and copyright violation.
We all know that scholarly manuscripts are written after a thorough review of previously published articles. It is therefore, not easy to draw a clear boundary between legitimate representation and plagiarism. However, the following important features can assist in identifying different kinds of plagiarized content. These are:
Reproduction of others words, sentences, ideas or findings as one's own without proper acknowledgement.
Text recycling, also known as self-plagiarism. It is an author's use of a previous publication in another paper without proper citation and acknowledgement of the original source.
Paraphrasing poorly: Copying complete paragraphs and modifying a few words without changing the structure of original sentences or changing the sentence structure but not the words.
Verbatim copying of text without putting quotation marks and not acknowledging the work of the original author.
Properly citing a work but poorly paraphrasing the original text is considered as unintentional plagiarism. Similarly, manuscripts with language somewhere between paraphrasing and quoting are not acceptable. Authors should either paraphrase properly or quote and in both cases, cite the original source.
Higher similarity in the abstract, introduction, materials and methods, and discussion and conclusion sections indicates that the manuscript may contain plagiarized text. Authors can easily explain these parts of the manuscript in many ways. However, technical terms and sometimes standard procedures cannot be rephrased; therefore Editors must review these sections carefully before making a decision.
Published manuscripts which are found to contain plagiarized text are retracted from the journal website after careful investigation and approval by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal. A 'Retraction Note' as well as a link to the original article is published on the electronic version of the plagiarized manuscript and an addendum with retraction notification in the journal concerned.
For further details, please visit: https://www.eurekaselect.com/research-misconduct
Bentham Science Publishers is pleased to offer electronic publication of accepted papers prior to scheduled
publication. These peer-reviewed papers can be cited using the date of access and the unique DOI number. Any
final changes in manuscripts will be made at the time of print publication and will be reflected in the
final electronic version of the issue. Articles ahead of schedule may be ordered by pay-per-view at the
relevant links by each article stated
Articles appearing in E-Pub Ahead-of-Schedule sections have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication in this journal and posted online before scheduled publication. Articles appearing here may contain statements, opinions, and information that have errors in facts, figures, or interpretation. Accordingly, Bentham Science Publishers, the editors, authors and their respective employees are not responsible or liable for the use of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or information contained of articles in the E-Pub Ahead-of-Schedule.
