In this difficult period of the SARS-CoV-2 (and its variants) infection responsible for Covid-19 diseases, the importance of scientific works and reviews dealing with these viruses has never been more essential and vital. Reports as of 20th April 2021 indicate over 141 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection worldwide (with over 3 million deaths recorded). This volume brings together essential data regarding prevention (vaccination), detection, and various approaches (chemotherapeutic drugs and antibodies) to the potential treatment of coronavirus infections. It presents six chapters concerning the following topics: (1) the resistance to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and related Covid-19 diseases within a population based on the pre-existing immunity of a high proportion of individuals as a result infection or previous vaccination (2) the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region, comprising the Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India, and Afghanistan (3) the effect of candidate drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on QT interval in infected patients with Covid-19 diseases (4) the antiviral potential of herbal-based immunomodulators (5) the humoral immune response in humans based on anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to treat Covid-19 diseases (6) the various methods and strategies for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 (and its variants) infection in hosts/humans. This compilation should prove to be a tool of crucial importance for researchers around the world working on research revolving around coronaviruses, as well as for clinicians confronted by a growing number of patients with COVID-19. [Series Introduction] Coronaviruses presents compilations of reviews which present information about coronaviridae. Volumes in the series present interesting data on the virology, molecular biology, pathogenesis and epidemiology of these viruses. Current topics such as SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 epidemiology, economic impact of COVID-19, and new coronavirus variants are also included. The series should prove to be an essential resource on this group of viruses for multidisciplinary researchers and healthcare professionals alike.

Scientific literature on SARS-COV-2 viruses and its variants (especially variants of concern such as the ‘Delta variant’) and important cellular targets is crucial to help researchers, epidemiologists, virologists and clinicians around the globe to develop a new generation of safer and more effective vaccines, and other treatments to address COVID-19 disease. The accompanying damage to the many organs and tissues of SARS-Co-2-infected people also needs to be understood and researchers are using data to devise meaningful protocols for treating these symptoms. This second volume of Coronaviruses brings together more useful information about the prevention, vaccination, and chemotherapies for the potential treatment of coronavirus infections. The volume includes eight chapters: (1) Broad spectrum antivirals to combat COVID-19 The reality and challenges, (2) COVID-19: Preventive and protective control management strategies, (3) Plant-derived extracts and bioactive compounds against coronavirus progression: preventive effects, mechanistic aspects, and structures, (4) Gastroenteritis: symptoms and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, (5) The chronicles of coronavirus: A Chinese king who conquered the entire world, (6) Traditional medicine as a natural remedy in ARDS & COVID-19, (7) Molecular pathogenesis of human coronaviruses of the 21st century, (8) COVID-19, mental health and neuropathophysiology of pain related to temporomandibular disorder. The volume serves as a novel compilation of key data on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 and represents a resource of the utmost value for all scholars studying SARS-CoV infections. It should also be of great interest to clinicians who may be facing an overwhelming number of individuals affected with COVID-19, with over 267 million global cases documented as of the first week of December 2021).

In this third year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic responsible for COVD-19 and related diseases worldwide, the scientific studies and reviews focused on this virus and its variants are still crucial. The third volume of the Coronaviruses series brings together some essential data regarding the origin, pathology and chemotherapeutic drugs to treat coronavirus infections. Contributions are written by experienced researchers with the goal of updating medical researchers and clinicians dealing with COVID-19 patients. It presents seven chapters covering a range of topics: (1) bat coronaviruses in the world, (2) hospital challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, (3) the pro-inflammatory and thrombotic manifestations and the therapeutic options of Covid-19, (4) the common and rare dermatologic manifestations registered in COVID-19 patients, (5) the circulating biomarkers of cardiopulmonary disturbances in COVID-19, and (6) the aspects of pathology and pathogenesis of coronavirus infection

COVID-19: Epidemiology, Biochemistry, and Diagnostics explains COVID-19 from multidisciplinary angles such as the evolution of SARS-COV, genetic techniques to study the virus, and diagnostic methodologies widely used in the global COVID-19 pandemic. The chapters in this book provide the reader with up-to-date literature about research on SARS-CoV-2 through three parts: I) Evolution and Entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host II) Genetic Alteration and Structural Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins III) Quantitative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 for research and medical diagnosis Key Features: - 15 chapters on SAR-CoV-2 in a multidisciplinary context - Provides a comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and genetics - Provides biochemical information about SARS-CoV-2 proteins and receptor targets (both structural and non-structural proteins) - Includes an overview of several methods of detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus particles (ELISA, PCR, Neutralizing Antibodies - Covers some critical diagnostic modalities for COVID-19 diagnosis - Provides bibliographic references for further reading Readers will understand the significance of phylogenetic analysis of coronaviruses, along with the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and related diseases such as SARS and MERS. Applications of biochemical technologies such as RT-PCR and CRISPR are also demonstrated in the text. This book is a comprehensive introduction to COVID-19 research for medical researchers, microbiologists and virologists. Students in academic programs in life sciences and medicine will also benefit from the information provided in the book.

In this book volume-2 proposal has been classified into Part IV: Models for SARS-CoV-2 and Part V: Treatment Strategies for SARS-CoV-2. With the emergence of new coronavirus variants, epidemiology, different host tropism permits a thorough analysis of their evolution and acquired adaptability to their host which need different animal models and treatment approaches. No studies are complete without animal models closely related to human physiology to replicate the disease and observe the pathology conditions as in human cases. Such animal models play a vital role in virus pathogenesis and prepare a therapeutic immune response. Here describe bio-engineered transgenic mouse model inserting with specific genes, or CRISPR-Case9 gene-editing tool has been used previously for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The chapter will deal with culture techniques or cell lines for COVID-19—also histopathology of COVID-19, essential proteins that up or down-regulate SARS-CoV-2. The last chapter of this part will describe other diseases having similar signs and symptoms and their differentiation. There is no specific treatment available to date, just symptomatic therapy. However, scientists will elucidate effective antiviral drugs in clinical trials, phytochemicals, photomedicine such as ultraviolet A & B, homemade remedies, blood plasma transfusion, stem cell therapy, and computational approaches in vivo and in vitro trials. This book will appear as a baseline for academicians, scientists, and health professionals as still, research is going to overcome this outbreak of COVID-19, the novelty of best animal models, and find an effective treatment. However, just a single book proposal like this wouldn't have flourished without enthusiasm and determined publishers' and investigators' strength to take time from their busy schedule and subsidize on time. We thank the whole investigators who contributed, directly and indirectly, to bring it to reality.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected almost every part of the globe with millions of cases and over a million deaths. The pandemic has had a significant global economic impact and addressing it systematically requires significant efforts from researchers, healthcare workers and governments. The COVID-19 Pandemic covers relevant aspects of this viral pandemic including information about the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen (morphology, genome, proteins, structural protein genes, replication), global epidemiology, transmission, risk factors, clinical manifestation, management, host immune response, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic agents (antivirals, natural compounds and vaccines). Readers will find basic and advanced knowledge about the disease organized into simple and easy-to-read chapters about the disease, making this book a handy and comprehensive reference for general readers, academics and biology students, alike.

COVID-19: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives informs readers about the current status of knowledge on COVID-19 infection. The book begins by presenting basic information about the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures against COVID-19. The second part of the book contains information about the repurposing of drugs, herbal medicines, and immunotherapy against COVID-19 infections. Integrating both general and advanced information about Sars-cov-2, this book updates a wide range of readers including students, researchers (virologists, pharmacologists), health care professionals (physicians, nurses, pharmacists, paramedics) and the general public on novel coronaviruses and COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has spread throughout the globe and much time has passed since it was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management provides clinicians and scholars all the information on this disease in 2 volumes. Readers will find a concise and visual reference for this viral disease and will be equipped with the knowledge to assess and manage Sar-Cov-2 infection cases in clinical settings. </p> This book is divided into two parts (I and II). Part I provides comprehensive information about 1) History of Coronaviruses, 2) Epidemiology of COVID-19, 3) Clinical presentation of this viral disease and 4) COVID-19 diagnosis. Part II covers broader topics about this communicable disease including 1) the prevention and treatment methodology, 2) mortality and long-term complications, 3) COVID-19 vaccines and future perspectives. </p> Key Features: </p> Covers all the aspects of COVID-19 making this a perfect textbook for virology and medical students. </p> Chapter wise description and segregation of topics from pathophysiology to diagnosis and management of COVID-19. </p> Six chapters in the first part which focus on clinical basics of COVID-19. </p> Six chapters in the first part which cover broader topics for practical infection control. </p> Multiple tables and figures which summarize and highlight important points. </p> Presents a summary of the current standards for the evaluation and diagnosis of COVID-19. </p> Features a detailed list of references, abbreviations, and symbols. </p> This book is an essential textbook reference for medical students, scientists (virologists, pulmonologists) and public health officials who are required to understand COVDI-19 diagnosis and management as part of their clinical training or professional work.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has spread throughout the globe and much time has passed since it was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management provides clinicians and scholars all the information on this disease in 2 volumes. Readers will find a concise and visual reference for this viral disease and will be equipped with the knowledge to assess and manage Sar-Cov-2 infection cases in clinical settings. </p> This book is divided into two parts (I and II). Part I provides comprehensive information about 1) History of Coronaviruses, 2) Epidemiology of COVID-19, 3) Clinical presentation of this viral disease and 4) COVID-19 diagnosis. Part II covers broader topics about this communicable disease including 1) the prevention and treatment methodology, 2) mortality and long-term complications, 3) COVID-19 vaccines and future perspectives. </p> Key Features: </p> Covers all the aspects of COVID-19 making this a perfect textbook for virology and medical students. </p> Chapter wise description and segregation of topics from pathophysiology to diagnosis and management of COVID-19. </p> Six chapters in the first part which focus on clinical basics of COVID-19. </p> Six chapters in the second part which cover broader topics for practical infection control. </p> Multiple tables and figures which summarize and highlight important points. </p> Presents a summary of the current standards for the evaluation and diagnosis of COVID-19. </p> Features a detailed list of references, abbreviations, and symbols. </p> This book is an essential textbook reference for medical students, scientists (virologists, pulmonologists) and public health officials who are required to understand COVDI-19 diagnosis and management as part of their clinical training or professional work.

This book is a concise, straightforward practical guide to the clinical management of patients having drug resistant tuberculosis infections. It covers every aspect of drug resistant tuberculosis, starting from epidemiology and bacteriology to a description of the latest diagnostic tests and a list of tuberculosis drugs. Readers will find clear guidelines for selection and administration of treatment regimens for the different types of drug resistant infections as well as instructions on follow-up procedures for such cases. The book also includes a series of clinical cases illustrating some of the most frequent problems encountered by doctors while treating drug resistant tuberculosis in a clinical setting. Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: Practical guide for clinical management is a useful handbook for general practitioners and medical students interested in learning about multi drug resistant tuberculosis and pulmonary care of patients having advanced infections.