The simple assessment of atherosclerotic risk factors is not an accurate tool to predict the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults without past history of atherosclerotic disease. Preclinical atherosclerotic increases the global cardiovascular risk and should be evaluated for a better risk stratification. Intima-media thickness (IMT), reduced ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) and impaired flow mediated dilatation (FMD) are independent markers of multifocal but subclinical atherosclerosis and result associated with an increased rate of cardiovascular events. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) may be a useful non-invasive technique to detect silent coronary disease (CAD) in patients with peripheral preclinical atherosclerosis. This ebook outlines “preclinical athersclerosis” and its markers in clinical practice. The ebook gives simple but clear information for a better stratification of global cardiovascular risk. The text serves as an important guide for medical professionals involved in the management of cardiovascular patients.

Despite remarkable progress in fighting against myocardial infarction, the thrombotic complications of the coronary artery are still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Treatment options for arterial thrombosis include either relatively old drugs such as streptokinase, and newer agents that are either approved by the FDA or still undergoing clinical trials. These options make some room for questions that lead to a conclusion for the best combination of drugs for treating patients with acute coronary syndromes. The handbook combines available information from basic hematology, cardiology and clinical trials and presents practical bed-side solutions for clinicians working with patients suffering from acute coronary syndromes. Readers will learn about the pathogenesis and diagnosis of thrombosis, thrombogenesis and fibrinolysis. Newer antithrombotic agents, cardiac diseases, venous thromboembolism are also covered. Health professionals will have quick access to relevant and organized information which also includes visual and tabular guides as well as some recommendations from professional societies.

Cardiovascular mortality in women is more frequent than breast cancer mortality, a fact which is often overlooked. Women's Heart and Estrogens explores this important women’s health issue with respect to estrogen levels (before and after menopause) as the hormone has been known to mediate cardiovascular effects in women. The handbook includes a description of the structure and biological activity of estrogen and follows up with a detailed reference on the genetics behind estrogen and its effect on the cardiovascular system. Subsequent chapters cover the effects of estrogens on the stages of atherogenesis, actions of estrogens on the on the vascular wall and on cardiovascular metabolic pathways, causes leading to the development of early onset of coronary heart disease in young women (such as vasculitis and autoimmune diseases)[Obaid ur Rahman1] , hypercoagulable states, myocardial infarction in hallucinogenic drug abusers, non-atherosclerotic and atherosclerotic coronary heart disease, hormone replacement therapy and postmenopausal risk factors. Medical professionals will also find handy guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Women's Heart and Estrogens offers knowledge to readers in a clear and simple manner with detailed images and summaries in each chapter. Guidelines are also presented in a chronological context which demonstrates the development of cardiovascular disease prevention and risk management strategies for women over the years.

Anatomy for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology is a handy atlas for medical students and residents learning about radiography and diagnostic procedures in oral and maxillofacial medicine. This brief book starts from basic information about radiographic images and expands into chapters detailing intraoral diagnostic techniques, extraoral diagnostic techniques and oral/maxillofacial abnormalities. Over 80 illustrations demonstrate key concepts in radiography. The reader will gain a good understanding of oral and maxillofacial diagnosis which is required for basic clinical practice in the specialty.

Ceramics have been used as biomaterials for oral and maxillofacial applications due to their excellent bioactivity, high hardness and wear resistance. One of the key drawbacks of synthetic implants is their failure to adapt to the local tissue environment. Improvements in reliability and biocompatibility of implants and prostheses can be achieved through surface modifications including the use of biomaterial thin films and nanocoatings. This book provides readers with information about dental implants and biomaterial fabrication for maxillofacial procedures and dental bone / tissue repair. It is an ideal reference for medical and dental students and professionals (dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, prosthodontics) who are involved in implantology and tissue engineering. It will also provide valuable insights into the application and production of bioactive materials for any researchers and apprentices in materials science and biomedical engineering.

Osteomyelitis of the jaws is a challenging disease for clinicians and patients despite many advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Any adverse changes arising from any immunosuppressive systemic diseases will readily manifest itself in the oral cavity. Osteomyelitis is not an exception to this observation. Thus a careful evaluation of an apparently healthy individual presenting with a jaw swelling that may be associated with odontogenic infection must always be emphasized. Comprehensive Maxillofacial Osteomyelitis provides detailed information about osteomyelitis of the jaws.

Economic Periodontal and Implant Dentistry presents a comprehensive approach to periodontal and implant dentistry. It combines basic standard knowledge with updated information about the latest advances in periodontal and implant therapy, while also providing an adequate response to the increasing demands that health, implants and aesthetics are making on the dental community. Key features of this text include: -a focus on interdisciplinary treatment concepts in periodontics, implant dentistry, and economic healthcare delivery -new insights gained from research directly linked to clinical applications -synoptic concepts based on strategies for infection control in diseased periodontal tissues -text outlined to improve daily patient care in dental practice The book will renew readers’ understanding of periodontal disease, diagnosis and implant therapy. It is a key reference for dental practitioners and healthcare delivery professionals. "

Craniofacial Disorders – Orofacial Features and Peculiarities in Dental Treatment presents detailed information about craniofacial disorders and their features. The contents of the book cover craniofacial embryology, craniofacial genetics and teratology, craniofacial abnormalities (etiology, systemic involvement, and treatment methods and surgical steps required for complex dentomaxillofacial reconstruction for aesthetic or functional improvements. This book is an easy-to-read handbook for clinical dentists who wish to enhance their knowledge on the subject and offer dental care for individuals affected by craniofacial disorders.

Current mainstream treatments for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are mainly conservative therapies. However, these conservative treatments are symptomatic treatments, not causal treatments. Therefore, the patients with severe symptoms have not been completely relieved. Evidence-Based Occlusal Management for Temporomandibular Disorders is a concise e-lecture which covers the following points: 1. When do the signs or symptoms of TMD emerge? 2. Should the signs or symptoms be left untreated? 3. When should the treatment start? 4. How should the occlusal discrepancy be examined? 5. How should occlusion at the BPOP (bite plate-induced occlusal position) (muscular contact position) be equilibrated? The e-lecture also demonstrates a positive outcome using causal treatment based on occlusal equilibration in the BPOP based on the evidence of a relationship between occlusal discrepancy and TMD. Therefore, this e-book shares insightful, evidence-based clinical data with interested readers such as dental clinicians and researchers around the world.

This textbook presents basic principles of local anesthesia and exodontia for undergraduate dental program students and dental surgeons in training. Readers will understand key concepts and points that prepare them for daily oral and maxillofacial surgery practice. The book also provides detailed notes for managing patients who have different medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, endocrine disorders and systemic diseases. Key Features: - provides an easy to understand short note format of information for readers - covers the basics of anesthesia and pain biology - covers simple extractions to complex surgical extractions - presents guidelines for managing patients with medical complications