Abstract
Background: Short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites have many advantages such as high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, low cost, short fabrication time and easy manufacturing. Researches on the mechanical performance of the composites are mainly carried out by means of experimental techniques and numerical calculation.
Objective: The study aims to report the latest progress in the studies of mechanical properties of short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites.
Methods: Based on recently published patents and journal papers, the experimental studies of short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites are reviewed and the effects of short carbon fibre on the mechanical properties of the composites are discussed. Numerical studies using representative volume element in simulating macroscopic mechanical properties of the short fibre reinforced composites are also reviewed. Finally, future research of short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites is proposed.
Results: Experimental techniques, experimental results and numerical simulating methods are discussed.
Conclusion: Mechanical properties of epoxy can be improved by adding short carbon fibres. Fiber surface treatment and matrix modification are effective in enhancing interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix, and as a result, better mechanical performance is achieved. Compared to the studies on equivalent mechanical properties of the composites, researches on the micro-mechanism of interaction between fiber and matrix are still in infancy due to the complexity of both the internal structure and reinforcing mechanism.
Keywords: Experimental study, interfacial bonding, mechanical properties, numerical simulation, Representative Volume Element (RVE), Short Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy composites (SCF/EP composites).
[1]
Mortazavian S, Fatemi A. Fatigue behavior and modeling of short fiber reinforced polymer composites: A literature review. Int J Fatigue 2015; 70: 297-321.
[2]
Zhang ZW, Tan YF, Feng K, Wang XL, Tan H. Effect of hyperbranched epoxy resin on mechanical properties of short carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. Polym Compos 2016; 37(9): 2727-33.
[3]
Reichhold AS. Epoxy-resin composition for fiber-matrix semifinished
products. US10017614 (2018).
[4]
Coleman-Kammula SML, Florizoone G, Tiberghien IAM. Epoxy resin composition suitable for sheet moulding. WO9822527 (1998).
[6]
Sato K, Hotta Y. Carbon fiber/epoxy composite materials cured thermally and with microwave irradiation. Compos Interfaces 2015; 22(1): 67-74.
[8]
Hu XF, Wang LB, Xu F, Xiao TQ, Zhang ZZ. In situ observations of fractures in short carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Carbon NY 2014; 67: 368-76.
[9]
Totry E, Molina-Aldareguía JM, González C. LLorca J. Effect of fiber, matrix and interface properties on the in-plane shear deformation of carbon-fiber reinforced composites. Compos Sci Technol 2010; 70(6): 970-80.
[10]
Nguyen FN, Haro AP, Yoshioka K. High modulus fiber reinforced
polymer composite. WO2014060815 (2014).
[11]
Nguyen FN, Haro AP, Yoshioka K. Fiber reinforced high
modulus polymer composite with a reinforced interphase.
WO2014060813 (2014).
[12]
Nguyen FN, Yoshioka K, Tun ST, Haro AP. Fiber reinforced
polymer composite with a hard interphase. WO2014102603 (2014).
[13]
Nguyen FN, Yoshioka K. Conductive fiber reinforced polymer
composite and multifunctional composite. WO2014102605 (2014).
[14]
Nguyen FN, Yoshioka K, Haro AP, Arai N. Reinforced interphase
and bonded structures thereof. EP2678153 (2015).
[15]
Jin FL, Park SJ. Preparation and characterization of carbon fiber-reinforced thermosetting composites: A review. Carbon Lett 2015; 16(2): 67-77.
[18]
Fu SY, Lauke B, Mai YW. Science and Engineering of Short Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites. Woodhead Publishing Limited: Cambridge 2009.
[19]
Yan CZ, Zhu W, Shi YS, Liu J. Method for manufacturing
composite product made of short-fibre reinforced thermosetting
resin by means of 3D printing. EP3257658 (2017).
[20]
Lewicki J, Duoss EB, Rodriguez JN, Worsley MA, King MJ. Additive manufacturing of short and mixed fibre-reinforced
polymer. US20170015061 (2017).
[21]
Tian XY, Yang CC, Cao Y, Tong ZQ, Zhang YY, Li DC. Multi-degree-of-freedom 3D printer of fiber reinforced composite
material and printing method thereof. CN104097326 (2016).
[22]
Dong W, Liu HC, Park SJ, Jin FL. Fracture toughness improvement of epoxy resins with short carbon fibers. J Ind Eng Chem 2014; 20(4): 1220-2.
[23]
Kim M, Sung DH, Kong K, Kim N, Kim BJ, Park HW, et al. Characterization of resistive heating and thermoelectric behavior of discontinuous carbon fiber-epoxy composites. Compos, Part B Eng 2016; 90: 37-44.
[24]
Hochradl S, Stockreiter W, Wurm K, Gubo R. Process for
manufacturing of a fibre-reinforced polymer composition.
US20180141240 (2018).
[25]
Huang HH, Liu WH, Zhang BY, Liu ZF. Method and device
for preparing oriented short fiber-reinforced resin matrix composite.
CN107662353 (2018).
[28]
Wang WQ, Ba L. Multilayer mixed short fiber composite
thermoplastic polymer section material and preparation method
thereof. CN106903957 (2017).
[29]
Li L, Li Z, Ma X, Tan YN, Li H. Short fiber adding method
and device in composite material pultrusion process. CN105619845 (2016).
[30]
Mortazavian S, Fatemi A. Fatigue of short fiber thermoplastic composites: A review of recent experimental results and analysis. Int J Fatigue 2017; 102: 171-83.
[34]
Pan Y, Iorga L, Pelegri AA. Numerical generation of a random chopped fiber composite RVE and its elastic properties. Compos Sci Technol 2008; 68(13): 2792-8.
[35]
Fu SY, Lauke B, Mäder E, Yue CY, Hu X. Hybrid effects on tensile properties of short-glass-fiber- and short-carbon-fiber- reinforced polypropylene composites. J Mater Sci Technol 2015; 36(5): 1243-51.
[36]
Wu HW, Zhang M, Liang H. A quantitative evaluation method
for fiber length distribution of short fiber reinforced composites.
CN108303522 (2018).
[37]
Qi LH, Xu YR, Zhou JM, Tian WL, Ma YQ. Method for
forecasting fiber orientation of short fiber reinforced composite material
based on strain field. CN102819678 (2015).
[38]
Qi LH, Xu YR, Zhou JM, Zheng WQ, Ma YQ. Method for
quantitatively evaluating orientation degree of short fiber reinforced
composite fibers. CN102768181 (2012).
[39]
Wu HW, Zhang M. A quantitative evaluation method for fiber
orientation of short fiber reinforced composites. CN108303523 (2018).
[40]
Shimamoto D, Tominaga Y, Imai Y, Hotta Y. Fiber orientation and flexural properties of short carbon fiber/epoxy composites. J Ceram Soc Jpn 2016; 124(1): 125-8.
[41]
Papathanasiou TD, Ingber MS, Guell DC. Stiffness enhancement in aligned, short-fibre composites: A computational and experimental investigation. Compos Sci Technol 1995; 54(1): l-9.
[42]
Yu H, Potter KD, Wisnom MR. A novel manufacturing method for aligned discontinuous fibre composites (High Performance-Discontinuous Fibre Method). Compos Part A-Appl S 2014; 65: 175-85.
[43]
Gong X, Hine PJ, Duckett RA, Ward IM. The elastic properties of random-in-plane short fiber reinforced polymer composites. Polym Compos 1994; 15(1): 74-82.
[44]
McGee S, McCullough RL. Combining rules for predicting the thermoelastic properties of particulate filled polymers, polyblends, and foams. Polym Compos 1981; 2(4): 149-61.
[45]
Hitchen SA, Ogin SL, Smith PA. Effect of fibre length on fatigue of short carbon fibre/epoxy composite. Composites 1995; 26(4): 303-8.
[46]
Kelly A, Tyson WR. Tensile properties of fibre-reinforced metals - copper/tungsten and copper/molybdenum. J Mech Phys Solids 1965; 13(6): 329-38.
[47]
Moaseri E, Maghrebi M, Baniadam M. Improvements in mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites: A microwave-assisted approach in functionalization of carbon fiber via diamines. Mater Des 2014; 55: 644-52.
[48]
Sanadi AR, Piggott MR. Interfacial effects in carbon-epoxies, Part 1 Strength and modulus with short aligned fibres. J Mater Sci 1985; 2: 422-31.
[49]
Sanadi AR, Piggott MR. Interfacial effects in carbon-epoxies, Part 2 Strength and modulus with short aligned fibres. J Mater Sci 1985; 2: 431-7.
[50]
Kaynak C, Orgun O, Tincer T. Matrix and interface modification of short carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy. Polym Test 2005; 24(4): 455-62.
[52]
Bogoeva-Gaceva G, Mader E, Haussler L, Sahre K. Parameters affecting the interface properties in carbon fibre/epoxy systems. Composites 1995; 26(2): 103-7.
[53]
Jia YY, Yan WY, Liu HY. Carbon fibre pullout under the influence of residual thermal stresses in polymer matrix composites. Comput Mater Sci 2012; 62: 79-86.
[54]
Jäger J, Sause MGR, Burkert F, Moosburger-Will J, Greisel M, Horn S. Influence of plastic deformation on single-fiber push-out tests of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin. Compos Part A-Appl S 2015; 71: 157-67.
[55]
Gu XH, Young RJ, Day RJ. Deformation micromechanics in model carbon fibre reinforced composites, Part I: The single-fibre pull-out test. J Mater Sci 1995; 30: 1409-19.
[56]
Xu H, Zhang X, Liu D, Yan C, Chen X, Hui D, et al. Cyclomatrix-type polyphosphazene coating: Improving interfacial property of carbon fiber/epoxy composites and preserving fiber tensile strength. Compos, Part B Eng 2016; 93: 244-51.
[57]
Yao SS, Jin FL, Rhee KY, Huic D, Park SJ. Recent advances in carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites: A review. Compos, Part B Eng 2018; 142: 241-50.
[58]
Wang CF, Chen L, Li J, Sun SF, Ma LC, Wu GS, et al. Enhancing the interfacial strength of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites by green grafting of poly (oxypropylene) diamines. Compos Part A-Appl S 2017; 99: 58-64.
[59]
Mehan ML, Schadler LS. Micromechanical behavior of short-fiber polymer composites. Compos Sci Technol 2000; 60(7): 1013-26.
[60]
Drugan WJ, Willis JR. A micromechanics-based nonlocal constitutive equation and estimates of representative volume element size for elastic composites. J Mech Phys Solids 1996; 44(4): 497-524.
[61]
Tian WL, Qi LH, Zhou JM, Liang JH, Ma YQ. Representative volume element for composites reinforced by spatially randomly distributed discontinuous fibers and its applications. Compos Struct 2015; 131: 366-73.
[62]
Shokrieh MM, Moshrefzadeh-Sani H. An optimized representative volume element to predict the stiffness of aligned short fiber composites. J Compos 2016; 50(23): 3301-10.
[63]
Teixeira-Dias F, Menezes LF. Numerical determination of the influence of the cooling rate and reinforcement volume fraction on the levels of residual stresses in Al-SiC composites. Comput Mater Sci 2001; 21(1): 26-36.
[64]
Kang GZ, Gao Q. Tensile properties of randomly oriented short δ-Al2O3 fiber reinforced aluminium alloy composites: II. Finite element analysis for stress transfer, elastic modulus and stress-strain curve. Compos Part A-Appl S 2002; 33(5): 657-67.
[65]
Scheider I, Xiao T, Huber N, Mosler J. On the interaction between different size effects in fibre reinforced PMMA: Towards composites with optimised fracture behaviour. Comput Mater Sci 2013; 80: 35-42.
[66]
Scheider I, Chen Y, Hinz A, Huber N, Mosler J. Size effects in short fibre reinforced composites. Eng Fract Mech 2013; 100: 17-27.
[67]
Herzog R, Ospald F. Parameter identification for short fiber-reinforced plastics using optimal experimental design. Int J Numer Methods Eng 2017; 110(8): 703-7.
[68]
Pan Y, Iorga L, Pelegri AA. Analysis of 3D random chopped fiber reinforced composites using FEM and random sequential adsorption. Compos Sci Technol 2008; 43(3): 450-61.
[69]
Schneider M. The sequential addition and migration method to generate representative volume elements for the homogenization of short fiber reinforced plastics. Comput Mech 2017; 59(2): 247-63.
[70]
Albert PP. The random contact equation and its implications for (colloidal) rods in packings, suspensions and anisotropic powders. Langmuir 1996; 12(5): 1127-33.
[71]
Altendorf H, Jeulin D. Random walk based stochastic modelling of 3D fiber systems. Phys Rev E 2011; 83(4): 1-10.
[72]
Kari S, Berger H, Gabbert U. Numerical evaluation of effective material properties of randomly distributed short cylindrical fibre composites. Compos Sci Technol 2007; 39(1): 198-204.
[73]
Qi LH, Tian WL, Zhou JM, Wei XL, Ju LY. Method for
creating three-dimensional microscopic cell model of composite
material based on random-sequence growth method. CN104835194 (2017).
[74]
Coelho D, Thovert JF, Adler PM. Geometrical and transport properties of random packings of spheres and aspherical particles. Phys Rev E 1997; 55(2): 1959.
[75]
Pan Y, Iorga L, Pelegri AA. Numerical generation of a random chopped fiber composite RVE and its elastic properties. Compos Sci Technol 2008; 68(13): 2792-8.
[76]
Altendorf H, Jeulin D. Random walk based stochastic modelling of 3D fiber systems. Phys Rev E 2011; 83(4): 1-10.
[77]
Harper LT, Qian C, Turner TA, Li S, Warrior NA. Representative volume elements for discontinuous carbon fibre composites - Part 1: Boundary conditions. Compos Sci Technol 2012; 72(2): 225-34.
[78]
Harper LT, Qian C, Turner TA, Li S, Warrior NA. Representative volume elements for discontinuous carbon fibre composites: Part 2: Determining the critical size. Compos Sci Technol 2012; 72(2): 204-10.
[79]
Gu BQ, Chen LL, Zhou JF, et al. Method and device for establishing short-fiber-reinforced
rubber composite three-dimensional representative voxel.
CN106970099 (2017).
[80]
Suquet PM. Elements of homogenization for inelastic solid mechanics.
In: SanchezPalencia E, Zaoui A, Eds. Homogenization
techniques for composite media. Springer-Verlag. 1987: pp. 193-
278.
[81]
Qi LH, Tian WL, Zhou JM. Numerical evaluation of effective elastic properties of composites reinforced by spatially randomly distributed short fibers with certain aspect ratio. Compos Struct 2015; 131: 843-51.
[82]
Sukiman MS, Kanit T, N’Guyen F, Imad A, Moumen AE, Erchiqui F. Effective thermal and mechanical properties of randomly oriented short and long fiber composites. Mech Mater 2017; 107: 56-70.
[83]
Kammoun S, Doghri I, Adam L, Robert G, Delannay L. First pseudo-grain failure model for inelastic composites with misaligned short fibers. Compos Part A-Appl S 2011; 42(12): 1892-902.
[85]
Selmi A, Doghri I, Adam L. Micromechanical simulations of biaxial yield, hardening and plastic flow in short glass fiber reinforced polyamide. Int J Mech Sci 2011; 53(9): 696-706.
[86]
Hohe J, Fliegener S, Findeisen C, Reiser J, Widak V, Rieth M. Numerical exploration into the potential of tungsten reinforced CuCrZr matrix composites. J Nucl Mater 2016; 470: 13-29.
[87]
Kanit T, Forest S, Galliet I, Mounoury V, Jeulin D. Determination of the size of the representative volume element for random composites: Statistical and numerical approach. Int J Solids Struct 2003; 40(13): 3647-79.
[88]
Kammoun S, Doghri I, Brassart L, Delannay L. Micromechanical modeling of the progressive failure in short glass-fiber reinforced thermoplastics - First Pseudo-Grain Damage model. Compos Part A-Appl S 2015; 73: 166-75.
[89]
Tian WL, Qi LH, Su CQ, Liang JH, Zhou JM. Numerical evaluation on mechanical properties of short-fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites: Two-step mean-field homogenization procedure. Compos Struct 2016; 139: 96-103.
[90]
Tian WL, Qi LH, Su CQ, Liu J, Zhou JM. Effect of fiber transverse isotropy on effective thermal conductivity of metal matrix composites reinforced by randomly distributed fibers. Compos Struct 2016; 152: 637-44.
Related Books
Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications
Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications
Facets of a Smart City: Computational and Experimental Techniques for Sustainable Urban Development
Soft Robotics
Advances in Manufacturing Technologies and Production Engineering
Advances in Additive Manufacturing Processes
Lean Management Solutions for Contemporary Manufacturing Operations
Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications
Global Emerging Innovation Summit (GEIS-2021)
Article Metrics
65
12
1
2