The Neurokinins: Peptidomimetic Ligand Design and Therapeutic Applications

doi:10.2174/0929867325666180913095918
摘要

在许多病理和生理事件中，神经激肽无疑是必需的神经递质。它们的发现被广泛分布在中枢神经系统（CNS）和周围组织中，迅速将它们提升为药物靶标。作为分子工具理解此类生物学作用的必要条件，内源性肽及其受体促使科学界设计出在三种主要神经激肽受体（即NK1，NK2和NK3）上均表现出激动剂和拮抗剂活性的配体。为此目的实施了几种策略。由于偏爱小的非肽配体，许多研究小组投入了大量精力来合成和评估各种支架，但是只有NK1拮抗剂Aprepitant（EMENDT）及其前药Fosaprepitant（IVEMENDT）得到了食品药品监督管理局的批准（ FDA）用于治疗化疗引起的和术后恶心和呕吐（分别为CINV和PONV）。尽管非肽类药物显示出局限性，尤其是在副作用控制方面，但肽类和假肽类化合物逐渐引起人们的注意。实施了各种策略来调节新设计的配体的亲和力，选择性和活性。规范氨基酸的替换，构象限制的结合以及与非肽部分的融合产生了显示单个或双重NK1，NK2和NK3拮抗作用的配体家族，这些配体最终与非神经激肽配体（如阿片类药物）结合为目标增强生物影响。
关键词: 神经激肽，配体，拮抗剂，拟肽，小型杂环支架，药物设计。
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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180913095918	Print ISSN 0929-8673
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-533X
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