Abstract
Microanalytical systems have aroused great interest because they can analyze extremely small sample volumes, improve the rate and throughput of chemical and biochemical analysis in a way that reduces costs. Microchip Electrophoresis (ME) represents an effective separation technique to perform quick analytical separations of complex samples. It offers high resolution and significant peak capacity. ME is used in many areas, including biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. It is established the same working principles as Capillary Electrophoresis (CE). It is possible to perform electrophoresis in a more direct and convenient way in a microchip. Since the electric field is the driving force of the electrodes, there is no need for high pressure as in chromatography. The amount of the voltage that is applied in some electrophoresis modes, e.g. Micelle Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC) and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE), mainly determines separation efficiency. Therefore, it is possible to apply a higher electric field along a considerably shorter separation channel, hence it is possible to carry out ME much quicker.
Keywords: Microchip electrophoresis, fabrication of microchips, characteristics of microchip electrophoresis, bioanalytical applications, Electroosmotic Flow (EOF), EOF mobility.
Graphical Abstract
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