Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Nanoscience

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4137
ISSN (Online): 1875-6786

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Immobilized Nanoparticles-Mediated Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose for Clean Sugar Production: A Novel Approach

Author(s): Swapnil Gaikwad, Avinash P. Ingle, Silvio Silverio da Silva and Mahendra Rai*

Volume 15, Issue 3, 2019

Page: [296 - 303] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/1573413714666180611081759

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is an expensive approach due to the high cost of an enzyme involved in the process. The goal of the current study was to apply magnetic nanomaterials as a support for immobilization of enzyme, which helps in the repeated use of immobilized enzyme for hydrolysis to make the process cost-effective. In addition, it will also provide stability to enzyme and increase its catalytic activity.

Objective: The main aim of the present study is to immobilize cellulase enzyme on Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) in order to enable the enzyme to be re-used for clean sugar production from cellulose.

Methods: MNPs were synthesized using chemical precipitation methods and characterized by different techniques. Further, cellulase enzyme was immobilized on MNPs and efficacy of free and immobilized cellulase for hydrolysis of cellulose was evaluated.

Results: Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by immobilized enzyme showed enhanced catalytic activity after 48 hours compared to free enzyme. In first cycle of hydrolysis, immobilized enzyme hydrolyzed the cellulose and produced 19.5 ± 0.15 gm/L of glucose after 48 hours. On the contrary, free enzyme produced only 13.7 ± 0.25 gm/L of glucose in 48 hours. Immobilized enzyme maintained its stability and produced 6.15 ± 0.15 and 3.03 ± 0.25 gm/L of glucose in second and third cycle, respectively after 48 hours.

Conclusion: This study will be very useful for sugar production because of enzyme binding efficiency and admirable reusability of immobilized enzyme, which leads to the significant increase in production of sugar from cellulosic materials.

Keywords: Magnetic nanoparticles, cellulase, immobilization, hydrolysis, sugar, NTA, zeta potential.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Limayema, A.; Ricke, S.C. Lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production: Current perspectives, potential issues and future prospects. Prog. Ener. Comb.Sci., 2012, 38, 449-467.
[2]
Alftren, J. Immobilization of cellulases on magnetic particles to enable enzyme recycling during hydrolysis of lignocellulose.. PhD thesis submitted to Institute for Food, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, 2013.
[3]
Khatri, V.; Meddeb-Mouelhi, F.; Beauregard, M. New insights into the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic polymers by using fluorescent tagged carbohydrate-binding modules. Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2018, 2, 479-491.
[4]
Taherzadeh, M.J.; Karimi, K. Acid hydrolysis processes for ethanol from lignocellulosic materials. BioResource, 2007, 2, 472-499.
[5]
Madadi, M.; Tu, Y.; Abbas, A. Recent status on enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. Electron. J. Biol, 2017, 13(2), 135-143.
[6]
Miletic, N.; Nastasovic, A.; Loos, K. Immobilization of biocatalysts for enzymatic olymerizations: Possibilities, advantages, applications. Bioresour. Technol., 2012, 115, 126-135.
[7]
Verma, M.L.; Barrow, C.J.; Puri, M. Nanobiotechnology as a novel paradigm for enzyme immobilization and stabilization with potential applications in biodiesel production. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2013, 97, 23-39.
[8]
Rai, M.; dos Santos, J.C.; Soler, M.F.; Marcelino, P.R.F.; Brumano, L.P.; Ingle, A.P.; Gaikwad, S.; Gade, A.; da Silva, S.S. Strategic role of nanotechnology for production of bioethanol and biodiesel. Nanotechnol. Rev., 2016, 5(2), 231-250.
[9]
Abraham, R.E.; Verma, M.L.; Barrow, C.J.; Puri, M. Suitability of magnetic nanoparticle immobilized cellulases in enhancing enzymatic saccharification of pretreated hemp biomass. Biotechnol. Biofuels, 2014, 7, 90.
[10]
Kumar, A.; Manda, S.; Selvakannan, P.R.; Parischa, R.; Mandale, A.B.; Sastry, M. Investigation on the interaction between surfaceboundalkylamines and gold nanoparticles. Langmuir, 2003, 19, 6277-6282.
[11]
Zhang, Y.X.; Wang, Y.H. Nonlinear optical properties of metal nanoparticles: A review. RSC Adv, 2017, 7, 45129-45144.
[12]
Chandrasekharan, N.; Kamat, P.V. Improving the photoelectrochemical performance of nanostructured TiO2 films by adsorption of gold nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem., 2002, 104, 10851-10857.
[13]
Peto, G.; Molnar, G.L.; Paszti, Z.; Geszti, O.; Beck, A.; Guczi, L. Electronic structure of gold nanoparticles deposited on SiOx/Si. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2002, 100, 95-99.
[14]
Garcia, R.S.; Stafford, S.; Gun’ko, Y.K. Recent progress in synthesis and functionalization of multimodal fluorescent-magnetic nanoparticles for biological applications. Appl. Sci, 2018, 8(2), 172.
[15]
Ahmed, M.; Douek, M. The role of magnetic nanoparticles in the localization and treatment of breast cancer. BioMed Res. Int., 2013, 2013, Article ID 281230.
[16]
Pundir, C.S. Enzyme Nanoparticles, 1st ed; William Andrew Publishing: Boston, 2015.
[17]
Bornscheuer, U.T. Immobilizing enzymes: How to create more suitable biocatalysts. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2003, 42, 3336-3337.
[18]
Datta, S.; Christena, L.R.; Rajaram, Y.R.S. Enzyme immobilization: An overview on techniques and support materials. 3 Biotech, 2013, 3, 1-9.
[19]
Alftrén, J.; Hobley, T.J. Covalent immobilization of β-glucosidase on magnetic particles for lignocellulose hydrolysis. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 2013, 169(7), 2076-2087.
[20]
Satar, R.; Jafri, M.A.; Rasool, M.; Ansari, S.A. Role of glutaraldehyde in imparting stability to immobilized β-galactosidase systems. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 2017, 60
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2017160311]
[21]
Antunes, F.A.F.; Gaikwad, S.; Ingle, A.P.; Pandit, R.; dos Santos, J.C.; Rai, M.; da Silva, S.S. Bioenergy and biofuels: Nanotechnological solutions for sustainable production. In: Nanotechnology for Bioenergy and Biofuel Production; Rai, M., da Silva, S.S.; (Eds.): Nanotechnology for Bioenergy and Biofuel Production, Springer International Publishing AG, Switzerland,, 2017; pp. 3-18.
[22]
Ingle, A.P.; Rathod, J.; Pandit, R.; da Silva, S.S.; Rai, M. Comparative evaluation of free and immobilized cellulase for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for sustainable bioethanol production. Cellulose, 2017, 24, 5529-5540.
[23]
Gao, Y.; Kyratzis, I. Covalent immobilization of proteins on carbon nanotubes using the cross-linker 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide: A critical assessment. Bioconjug. Chem., 2008, 19, 1945-1950.
[24]
Ahmad, R.; Sardar, M. Enzyme immobilization: An overview on nanoparticles as immobilization matrix. Biochem. Anal. Biochem., 2015, 4, 2.
[25]
Xu, J.; Sun, J.; Wang, Y.; Sheng, J.; Wang, F.; Sun, M. Application of iron magnetic nanoparticles in protein immobilization. Molecules, 2014, 19, 11465-11486.
[26]
Holland, H.; Yamaura, M. Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles by microwave irradiation and characterization In: Proceedings of Seventh International Latin-American Conference on Powder Technology (PTECH 2009); Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil, 2009.
[27]
Bradford, M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem., 1976, 72, 248-254.
[28]
Correia, J.A.C.; Júnior, J.E.M.; Gonçalves, L.R.B.; Rocha, M.V.P. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment of cashew apple bagasse for ethanol production: Study of parameters. Bioresour. Technol., 2013, 139, 249-256.
[29]
Lopez, J.A.; González, F.; Bonilla, F.A.; Zambrano, G.; Gómez, M.E. Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4 magnetic nanofluid. Revista Latinoamericana de Metalurgia y Materiales., 2010, 30(1), 60-66.
[30]
Rai, M.; Ingle, A.P.; Gade, A.K.; Duarte, M.C.T.; Duran, N. Three Phoma spp. synthesized novel silver nanoparticles that possess excellent antimicrobial efficacy. IET Nanobiotechnol., 2015, 9(5), 280-287.
[31]
Jordan, J.; Kumar, C.S.S.R.; Theegala, C. Preparation and characterization of cellulase-bound magnetite nanoparticles. J. Mol. Catal., B Enzym., 2011, 68, 139-146.
[32]
Khoshnevisana, K.; Bordbar, A.; Zare, D.; Davoodi, D.; Noruzi, M.; Barkhi, M.; Tabatabaei, M. Immobilization of cellulase enzyme on superparamagnetic nanoparticles and determination of its activity and stability. Chem. Eng. J., 2011, 171, 669-673.
[33]
Gaikwad, S.; Ingle, A.; Gade, A.; Rai, M.; Falanga, A.; Incoronato, N.; Russo, L.; Galdiero, S.; Galdiero, M. Antiviral activity of mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles against herpes simplex virus and human parainfluenza virus type 3. Int. J. Nanomedicine, 2013, 8, 4303-4314.
[34]
Wang, S.; Su, P.; Ding, F.; Yang, Y. Immobilization of cellulase on polyamidoamine dendrimer-grafted silica. J. Mol. Catal., B Enzym., 2013, 89, 35-40.
[35]
Ahmad, R.; Sardar, M. Immobilization of cellulase on TiO2 nanoparticles by physical and covalent methods: A comparative study. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys., 2014, 51(4), 314-320.
[36]
Huy, T.Q.; Van-Chung, P.; Thuy, N.T.; Blanco-Andujar, C.; Thanh, N.T.K. Protein A-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles for separation of Vibrio cholera from water samples. Faraday Discuss., 2014, 175, 73-82.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
26
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy