Abstract
Background: Natural polysaccharides such as alginates, pectins, and chitins, possess a wide versatility in addition to the variability of the typical structural features of polysaccharides, as they include amino-, amido-, carboxylic acid, and esters groups.
Objective: These functional groups can be exploited to graft specific moieties and macromolecules, thus tailoring the specific characteristics when envisioning improved functionality, such as targeted-drug delivery, antimicrobial, and thermo- or pHresponsiveness. Ad hoc covalent modifications of the polysaccharidic backbone can promote the loading and interactions with a wide variety of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, as well as enhanced cell adhesion able to promote regeneration events. Additionally, enzymatic modifications have been conducted to have precise control of both functional groups and biodegradation.
Conclusion: This review intends to give an overview over chemical and enzymatic reactions to modify the backbone of polysaccharides aiming to exploit organic chemistry tools applied to meet the diverse needs of biomedicine.
Keywords: Alginate, pectin, chitosan, functionalization, peptide grafting, enzymatic reactions, polymer therapeutics, antibacterial.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Catalytic C-H bond activation as a tool for functionalization of heterocycles
The major topic is the functionalization of heterocycles through catalyzed C-H bond activation. The strategies based on C-H activation not only provide straightforward formation of C-C or C-X bonds but, more importantly, allow for the avoidance of pre-functionalization of one or two of the cross-coupling partners. The beneficial impact of ...read more
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