摘要
背景：乙醇是最受欢迎的合法药物，但其过度消费会导致社会问题。尽管许多反对酗酒、车祸、侵略性行为、性侵犯以及醉酒者导致的劳动生产率下降的公众运动仍然司空见惯。为了引入正确有效的治疗方法，需要对饮酒进行快速、简便的诊断，这对法医毒理学分析至关重要。证明酒精摄入的最简单方法是测定体液或呼吸中的乙醇。然而，由于乙醇在人体内快速代谢，因此使用这种方法只能检测到最近的消耗量。正因为如此，人们引入了酒精生物标志物的测定，以便在更广泛的时间范围内监测酒精的消耗。 目的：本研究的目的是回顾已发表的研究，重点是样品制备方法和色谱或生化技术测定酒精生物标志物全血、血浆、血清和尿液。 方法：通过电子文献检索，探讨酒精生物标志物在毒理学分析中应用的可能性和局限性。 结果：作者描述了饮酒的标志物，如：乙醇及其非氧化代谢物（葡萄糖醛酸乙酯、硫酸乙酯、磷脂酰乙醇、磷酸乙酯、脂肪酸乙酯）和氧化代谢物（乙醛和乙醛加合物）。我们还讨论了有关这些生物标志物的检测窗口，以及在常规分析毒理学中用于监测饮酒量或酒精治疗期间清醒度的可能性和局限性。
关键词: 酒精、酒精依赖性、分析方法、生物标记物、乙醇代谢产物、生化技术。
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