Abstract
Background: Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they have the capacity to selfrenew and to differentiate into cells of the 3 germ layers. In 2006, Takahashi et al. reprogrammed somatic cells into stem cells using exogenetic gene expression. These new cells became known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Research continues to develop new tools and techniques in order to reprogram cells with higher output and quality, so that iPSCs can be used in modeling of human disorders, drug discovery and of course, regenerative medicine.
Objective: After a brief overview of the basic characteristics of iPSCs, this article will cover the production and processing techniques of these cells, with a focus on new innovations, as well as their different uses and potential role in future research.
Conclusion: Progress over the last few years regarding the efficient and safe ways to produce iPSCs has been tremendous. These cells might open doors regarding the future of precision medicine practices and research.
Keywords: Stem cells, pluripotency, bioengineering, reprogramming, genetic vectors, genomic vectors, microfluidics.
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