Abstract
Background: There are two types of antioxidants – high molecular weight antioxidants like glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and low molecular weight antioxidants like ascorbic acid, glutathione, uric acid, melatonin. Both types of antioxidants are necessary in the system keeping oxidative homeostasis and protecting against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
Objective: This review is focused on low molecular weight antioxidant assay which can serve as an important tool for various diagnoses since the antioxidant level corresponds with pathological states and can indicate oxidative stress. The assay of antioxidants is also a tool for food quality control because the antioxidant level is decreasing due to aging and poor storage conditions. Disparate protocols were established in order to judge antioxidant capacity.
Conclusion: In this review, spectrophotometric tests like 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) based assay (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), like ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), electrochemical assays and instrumental analyses are described and discussed. Survey of actual literature and principle of the analyses are provided as well.
Keywords: ABTS test, ascorbic acid, DPPH test, ferric reducing antioxidant power, flavonoid, FRAP, glutathione, oxidative stress.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Catalytic C-H bond activation as a tool for functionalization of heterocycles
The major topic is the functionalization of heterocycles through catalyzed C-H bond activation. The strategies based on C-H activation not only provide straightforward formation of C-C or C-X bonds but, more importantly, allow for the avoidance of pre-functionalization of one or two of the cross-coupling partners. The beneficial impact of ...read more
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