Abstract
Background: In recent times, miRNA has been able to catch the significant attention of scientists worldwide. This small part of non-coding RNA has finally been recognized for its enormous potential for cleavage, m-RNA degradation, and translational modifications. Moreover, miRNA has now been included in the list of quite important class of blood based biomarkers, which shows their specific signatures as circulating microRNA in various diseases like cancer, hypertrophy, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. Keeping in view of the enormous potential of miRNA, computational bioinformatics approaches have now been explored in detail, which has resulted not only in a large number of databases of the same, but also in the programs delivering information about their structural and functional relevance, using OMICS approaches.
Objective: This review has an aim of discussing the significant details of microRNA, their function as targets for various diseases like cancer, related databases and associated biological applications. Method: An extensive literature survey was performed on miRNAs, its relevant databases, which are used for the search of their structure and function, miRNA biogenesis pathway and a range of miRNAs involved in various diseases, in particular cancer. Results: Using OMICS approaches and innovative techniques, the structural and biological roles of miRNA in relation to various diseases has now been established. Role of miRNAs as biomarkers, its applications in various cellular processes, its function as a target of certain diseases are now some of the quite common patterns of studies. Conclusion: With an update on relevant aspects, the regulatory and functional roles of miRNA would be elucidated for providing future insights into the unmapped cellular mechanisms of life processes, which may further facilitate our understanding about various challenging diseases.Keywords: Cancer, miRNA, miRNA applications, miRNA biomarkers, miRNA targets, miRNA databases, miRNA regulatory network.
Graphical Abstract
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