Smoking and Eye Pathologies. A Systemic Review. Part II. Retina Diseases, Uveitis, Optic Neuropathies, Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy

Title:Smoking and Eye Pathologies. A Systemic Review. Part II. Retina Diseases, Uveitis, Optic Neuropathies, Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy

Volume: 23 Issue: 4

Author(s): Małgorzata Nita and Andrzej Grzybowski

Affiliation:

Keywords: Tobacco smoking, retinopathy, ocular inflammation, optic neuropathy, orbitopathy, adults, children.

Abstract: Background: Tobacco smoking has detrimental influence on human health.

Aim: The analysis of influence of tobacco smoking on retina diseases, uveitis, optic neuropathies, and thyroidassociated orbitopathy in adults and children.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature performed through MEDLINE and PubMed searches, covering the years 2000-2016.

Results: In adults, tobacco smoking is a strong risk factor for age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, uveitis and inflamed cystoid macular edema as well as Grave`s ophthalmopathy. Tobacco smoking reduces thickness of the retina and choroid, plays a role in episcleritis, sclerits, tobacco optic neuropathy, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. In children, maternal smoking is a significant risk factor for stages 3 and 4 retinopathy of prematurity, optic nerve hypoplasia among babies with a birth weight over 2500 g and thinner retinal nerve fiber layer.

Conclusion: Tobacco smoking plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many posterior eye segment diseases leading to blindness in adults and children.

Cite this article as:

Nita Małgorzata and Grzybowski Andrzej, Smoking and Eye Pathologies. A Systemic Review. Part II. Retina Diseases, Uveitis, Optic Neuropathies, Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170111095723

DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170111095723	Print ISSN 1381-6128
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1873-4286