Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on the different approaches that can be employed to drive a photo-Fenton process under mild conditions, using both heterogeneous and homogeneous iron sources. For this purpose, sections are devoted to the following strategies: a) addition of iron at low concentrations; b) using the matrix of the effluent in order to avoid deactivation of iron; c) addition of chemical auxiliaries to form photoactive complexes with iron, such as carboxylates, chelating agents and humic-like macromolecules; d) strategies leading to the application of heterogeneous photo-Fenton process, by using iron-based solid particles or by hosting iron on different supports and; e) using heterogeneous iron sources as a reservoir for constant dosing of homogeneous iron photocatalyst. In particular, the review will focus on the elimination of emerging pollutants (e.g. drugs, personal care products or pesticides at low concentrations) which are the effluents where applying neutral photo-Fenton seems especially meaningful, although relevant works with other families of pollutants are also considered.
Keywords: Wastewater treatment, photo-Fenton, mild pH, complexing agents, heterogeneous process, xenobiotics.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Catalytic C-H bond activation as a tool for functionalization of heterocycles
The major topic is the functionalization of heterocycles through catalyzed C-H bond activation. The strategies based on C-H activation not only provide straightforward formation of C-C or C-X bonds but, more importantly, allow for the avoidance of pre-functionalization of one or two of the cross-coupling partners. The beneficial impact of ...read more
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