Pyrazolopyrimidine Derivatives as Antineoplastic Agents: with a Special Focus on Thyroid Cancer

Title:Pyrazolopyrimidine Derivatives as Antineoplastic Agents: with a Special Focus on Thyroid Cancer

Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Author(s): Silvia Martina Ferrari, Concettina La Motta, Stefania Sartini, Enke Baldini, Gabriele Materazzi, Ugo Politti, Ilaria Ruffilli, Salvatore Ulisse, Paolo Miccoli, Alessandro Antonelli and Poupak Fallahi

Affiliation:

Keywords: Antiangiogenic inhibitors, CLM29, CLM3, PP1, PP2, pyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidine, RET inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Abstract: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are molecules that compete with ATP on tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs), blocking tyrosine kinase (TK) activation and then oncogenic pathways; they have been studied, and some of them are right approved for the treatment of many types of cancer. Among TKIs, one of the most explored chemical template is the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP) heterocyclic core, which proved to be a useful scaffold for the obtainment of effective compounds. Actually, derivatives belonging to this structural class show a large spectrum of activity, thus standing out as multi-target agents. Different PP compounds have been shown to act as: a) ABL inhibitors and antiproliferative agents against human leukemia cell lines; b) Src kinase inhibitors in neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and osteosarcoma; c) Phospholipase D inhibitors in different neoplasias; d) Urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitors, in breast cancer. In thyroid cancer (TC), PP1 and PP2 (inhibitors of RET, Hck, lck, and fynT kinases, and a good inhibitor of c-Src and platelet-derived growth factor receptor) showed antineoplastic actvity in human papillary TC cell lines that carry spontaneous RET/PTC1 rearrangements. More recently, new derivatives, (R)-1-phenethyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4- amine, namely, CLM3 and CLM29, have been demonstrated to exert a multiple signal transduction inhibition (including the RET-TK, BRAF, EGFR, and with antiangiogenic activity), showing antineoplastic activity, in vitro and in vivo, in papillary dedifferentiated, medullary and anaplastic TC. These data have shown the antineoplastic activity of PP in different neoplasias, opening the way to a future clinical evaluation in human cancers.

Cite this article as:

Martina Ferrari Silvia, La Motta Concettina, Sartini Stefania, Baldini Enke, Materazzi Gabriele, Politti Ugo, Ruffilli Ilaria, Ulisse Salvatore, Miccoli Paolo, Antonelli Alessandro and Fallahi Poupak, Pyrazolopyrimidine Derivatives as Antineoplastic Agents: with a Special Focus on Thyroid Cancer, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 16 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557515666151016124208