Application of Organ Clearance to Estimation of the In Vivo Hepatic Extraction Ratio

Title:Application of Organ Clearance to Estimation of the In Vivo Hepatic Extraction Ratio

Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Author(s): Reza Mehvar

Affiliation:

Keywords: Blood: plasma ratio, hepatic availability, hepatic clearance, hepatic extraction ratio, liver blood flow, organ clearance, renal clearance, systemic clearance.

Abstract: Organ clearance, which has been derived from the organ blood flow and extraction ratio (E), has been extensively used by clinical pharmacologists to explain the pharmacokinetics of many drugs in health and disease. For example, the extent of hepatic clearance or E (E_h) of drugs would determine their response to changes in the liver blood flow and/or activities of the metabolizing enzymes. Although E_h may be obtained directly by cannulating internal blood vessels, the method is invasive. Therefore, indirect methods have been used to estimate E_h from the peripheral blood concentration-time data after intravascular administration of drugs. Additionally, these indirect methods require an estimate of the liver blood flow in the patients or animals. However, some investigators use plasma concentrations and/or liver plasma flow for the estimation of E_h, which could potentially result in significant errors. It is shown here that when plasma concentrations are used along with liver blood flow, an overestimation or underestimation of the true value will result if the blood: plasma concentration (B:P) ratio is >1 or < 1, respectively, with the estimated E_h being different from the true value by a factor equal to the B:P ratio. On the other hand, the use of plasma concentrations and plasma liver flow will always result in an overestimation of the true E_h unless the drug does not penetrate the red blood cells. It is concluded that for the accurate estimation of E_h from the in vivo data, the blood concentration and blood flow should be used.

Cite this article as:

Mehvar Reza, Application of Organ Clearance to Estimation of the In Vivo Hepatic Extraction Ratio, Current Clinical Pharmacology 2016; 11 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574884710666150817104746