摘要
升高的活性氧(ROS)和DNA甲基化水平是各种癌细胞所具有的特征。然而,这两者之间的关系并没有被充分理解。在此,我们将会讨论ROS和DNA甲基化之间的因果关系。癌症研究揭示DNA甲基化失调导致区域性CpG岛超甲基化和广义的基因组低甲基化。ROS诱导的氧化应激与肿瘤抑制基因(TSG)启动子区的异常高甲基化和广泛的低甲基化有关。DNA氧化结构8-羟化脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG),可以通过抑制附近DNA胞嘧啶碱基甲基化诱导DNA低甲基化;而另一个DNA氧化结构 5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5hmc)可能完成有效的DNA去甲基化过程,因此导致DNA低甲基化。近期研究发现ROS可以作为DNA去甲基化的催化剂,从而导致TSG启动子高甲基化。而且,ROS可能通过上调DNA甲基转移酶(DNMTs)或者包括合成在内新形成的DNMTs表达来诱导特定位点的高甲基化。另外,这些ROS诱导的DNA甲基化方式的改变不仅与许多肿瘤的恶性转化相关,而且也与其恶化相关。总之,ROS可以通过不同的作用机制来影响这两方面的DNA甲基化变化,其在癌细胞的表观遗传调控中具有重要作用。因此,对ROS相关的表观遗传修饰机制的理解也许可以更好的帮助了解癌变与恶化,对于开发更好的癌症诊断和新的治疗方案方面的潜在生物标记物也可能有帮助。
关键词: 5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5hmc),8-羟化脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG),致癌,DNA甲基化,DNA甲基转移酶(DNMTs),活性氧(ROS),肿瘤抑制基因(TSG)
Current Drug Targets
Title:ROS-Mediated DNA Methylation Pattern Alterations in Carcinogenesis
Volume: 16 Issue: 1
Author(s): Qihan Wu and Xiaohua Ni
Affiliation:
关键词: 5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5hmc),8-羟化脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG),致癌,DNA甲基化,DNA甲基转移酶(DNMTs),活性氧(ROS),肿瘤抑制基因(TSG)
摘要: Elevated levels of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA methylation are characteristic of various types of cancer cells. However, the relation between these two is not well understood. Here we will discuss the cause-consequence relationship between ROS and DNA methylation. Cancer research reveals that disregulation of DNA methylation results in regional CpG island hypermethylation and generalized genomic hypomethylation. ROS-induced oxidative stress is associated with both aberrant hypermethylation of tumor suppressor gene (TSG) promoter regions and global hypomethylation. The DNA oxidation structure, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), can induce DNA hypomethylation by inhibiting DNA methylation at nearby cytosine bases, while another DNA oxidation structure, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), may achieve active DNA demethylation processes, thus, causing DNA hypomethylation. Recently, it has been found that ROS can function as catalysts of DNA methylation, further accounting for TSG promoter hypermethylation. Moreover, ROS may induce site-specific hypermethylation via either the up-regulation of expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) or the formation of a new DNMT containing complex. In addition, these ROS-induced DNA methylation pattern alterations have been implicated with not only malignant transformation, but also the progression of numerous tumors. In conclusion, ROS can influence both aspects of DNA methylation changes through different mechanisms, which play an important role of epigenetic regulation in cancer cells. Therefore, the comprehension of mechanisms leading to epigenetic modifications associated with ROS may help better understand the carcinogenesis and progression, as well as aid in the development of potential biomarkers for better cancer diagnostics and novel therapeutic strategies.
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Cite this article as:
Qihan Wu and Xiaohua Ni , ROS-Mediated DNA Methylation Pattern Alterations in Carcinogenesis, Current Drug Targets 2015; 16 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150113121054
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150113121054 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
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