Abstract
In the last ten years several research articles and patents related to the obtaining and uses of whole-cell biosensors (WCB) have been published. Whole-cell sensors, whole-cell biosensors, chemical sensors, integrated sensors and bioreporters (among others) are the main terms used to define a living cell machinery adapted to detect target analytes at low concentration levels. The methods for constructing and detection technologies for these WCB could be very diverse. Some of them include a foreign nucleic acid sequence to act as reporter, to regulate the reporters expression or both. But some other inventors exploit the natural properties of organisms without the need of genetic engineering. Another aspect is the localization of the cell at the moment of use. Some inventors, depending on the method of detection, need cells in a special location, such as the surface of a detector, entrapped in a matrix, or in the bulk of the sample. This review intends to compile the most relevant patents related to WCB which enable to illustrate the above mentioned cases of these new types of biosensors.
Keywords: Bioreporters, chemical sensors, integrated sensors, living sensors, whole-cell sensors, whole-cell biosensors, genetic engineering, Immobilization, MEMS nanotechnology, nanotechnology, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), immortal stem cells, luciferase, polypeptide, polyvinyl alcohol, neuroscience, calcium biosensor polypeptide, stromal interaction molecule, calcium-intensive marker, mitosis biosensor polypeptide, G protein, Green Fluorescent Protein, resonant waveguide grating, dynamic mass redistribution, viscoelastic properties, endothelical cell, cytoskeletal, nitric oxide, cadmium, chromate, plutonium, uranium, fluorescence spectroscopy, galactosidase, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, scenedesmus subspicatus, pseudokirchneriella, subcapitata, chlorella vulgaris, organophosphates, ciliary beating frequency (CBF), acyl homoserin lactone, organic xenobiotics, Cytometry, xerogel matrix
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