Host-induced Chemical Control: Supramolecular Catalysis Based on the Host – Guest Interaction of Cucurbit[n]urils

Hang      Cong; Zhu      Tao; Sai-Feng      Xue; Qian-Jiang      Zhu

doi:10.2174/138527211793797783

Abstract

The controllable functional encapsulation of cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) to form supramolecular catalysts is reviewed. The relationship of the supramolecular catalytic activity with the structure of included guests and cucurbit[n]urils is documented and discussed. The controllable functional encapsulation is attributed to overall interactions of hydrophobic, ion – dipole and size effects of the cucurbit [n]urils. The accelerated and stereochemical aspects of chemical reactions result from overcoming the hindrance of decreased entropy, the hydrophobic effect and the encapsulation model induced by hosts. The stability of drugs and chemical intermediates of the inclusion complexes depends on the environment within the hydrophobic cavity; the enhanced charge-transfer process of the included electron donor and acceptor guests depends on the compressed distance between guests, the electron donors, and acceptors within the limited space.

Keywords: cucurbit[n]urils, host, –, guest interaction, inclusion complex, chemical control, supramolecular catalysts, stereochemical aspects, entropy, hydrophobic cavity, oligomerization, formaldehyde, glyoxal, alkynyl ammonium, regiospecific catalysis, methylviologen dication, methylciologen cation, organometallic compounds cobaltocene, ferrocene, electrochemistry, pseudorotaxanes, glutathione, cysteine, ranitidine, Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, gastric acid, photochemical dimerization, benzenamine, polypseudorotaxane, polyaniline axle, naphthalene diol, tryptophan, methyl viologen (MV), photoisomerization, cyclodextrins