Human Platelets Express Authentic CB1 and CB2 Receptors

M.      V. Catani; V.      Gasperi; G.      Catanzaro; S.      Baldassarri; A.      Bertoni; F.      Sinigaglia; L.      Avigliano; M.      Maccarrone

doi:10.2174/156720210793180774

Abstract

In the last decade, the neurovascular effects exerted by endocannabinoids (eCBs) have attracted growing interest, because they hold the promise to open new avenues of therapeutic intervention against major causes of death in Western society. Several actions of eCBs are mediated by type-1 (CB1) or type-2 (CB2) cannabinoid receptors, yet there is no clear evidence of the presence of these proteins in platelets. To demonstrate that CB1 and CB2 are expressed in human platelets, we analyzed their protein level by Western blotting and ELISA, visualized their cellular localization by confocal microscopy, and ascertained their functionality by binding assays. We found that CB1, and to a lesser extent CB2, are expressed in highly purified human platelets. Both receptor subtypes were predominantly localized inside the cell, thus explaining why they might remain undetected in preparations of plasma membranes. The identification of authentic CB1 and CB2 in human platelets supports the potential exploitation of selective agonists or antagonists of these receptors as novel therapeutics to combat neurovascular disorders. It seems remarkable that some of these substances have been already used in humans to treat disease states.

Keywords: Anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, cannabinoid receptor type-1, cannabinoid receptor type-2, human platelets, neurovascular disease, eCBs, ELISA, ischemic stroke, retinal ischemia, multiple sclerosis, SR141617, Platelets, FACS Analysis, SDS-PAGE, anti-CD61, anti-CB1, anti-CB2, SD, SSH, CD61, PM, cytosolic protein, WL, kDa, antibodies, NSB, TB, SB, SR144528, 2-AG, PI3K, a-adrenergic receptors, cAMP, IP3, Ca2+, AEA, cerebrospinal, EMEA