Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
General Review Article

3D Printable Drug Delivery Systems: Next-generation Healthcare Technology and Regulatory Aspects

Author(s): Anmol Saxena and Rishabha Malviya*

Volume 29, Issue 35, 2023

Published on: 23 November, 2023

Page: [2814 - 2826] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/0113816128275872231105183036

Price: $65

Abstract

A revolutionary shift in healthcare has been sparked by the development of 3D printing, propelling us into an era replete with boundless opportunities for personalized DDS (Drug Delivery Systems). Precise control of the kinetics of drug release can be achieved through 3D printing, improving treatment efficacy and patient compliance. Additionally, 3D printing facilitates the co-administration of multiple drugs, simplifying treatment regimens. The technology offers rapid prototyping and manufacturing capabilities, reducing development timelines and costs. The seamless integration of advanced algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANN) augments the precision and efficacy of 3D printing, propelling us toward the forefront of personalized medicine. This comprehensive review delves into the regulatory frontiers governing 3D printable drug delivery systems, with an emphasis on adhering to rigorous safety protocols to ensure the well-being of patients by leveraging the latest advancements in 3D printing technologies powered by artificial intelligence. The paradigm promises superior therapeutic outcomes and optimized medication experiences and sets the stage for an immersive future within the Metaverse, wherein healthcare seamlessly converges with virtual environments to unlock unparalleled possibilities for personalized treatments.

« Previous Next »
[1]
Ćwiklicki M, Klich J, Chen J. The adaptiveness of the healthcare system to the fourth industrial revolution: A preliminary analysis. Futures 2020; 122: 102602.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2020.102602]
[2]
Yeong WY, Chua CK, Leong KF, Chandrasekaran M, Lee MW. Indirect fabrication of collagen scaffold based on inkjet printing technique. Rapid Prototyping J 2006; 12(4): 229-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540610682741]
[3]
Tang Y, Dehaghani MR, Wang GG. Review of transfer learning in modeling additive manufacturing processes. Addit Manuf 2023; 61: 103357.
[4]
Gong J, Wei K, Liu M, Song W, Li X, Zeng X. Microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg alloy built by laser powder bed fusion/direct energy deposition hybrid laser additive manufacturing. Addit Manuf 2022; 59: 103160.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.103160]
[5]
Ragelle H, Rahimian S, Guzzi EA, et al. Additive manufacturing in drug delivery: Innovative drug product design and opportunities for industrial application. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178: 113990.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.113990] [PMID: 34600963]
[6]
Karavasili C, Eleftheriadis GK, Gioumouxouzis C, Andriotis EG, Fatouros DG. Mucosal drug delivery and 3D printing technologies: A focus on special patient populations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176: 113858.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.113858] [PMID: 34237405]
[7]
Lim SH, Kathuria H, Tan JJY, Kang L. 3D printed drug delivery and testing systems — a passing fad or the future? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132: 139-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2018.05.006] [PMID: 29778901]
[8]
Tura AD, Mamo HB. Characterization and parametric optimization of additive manufacturing process for enhancing mechanical properties. Heliyon 2022; 8(7): e09832.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09832] [PMID: 35815121]
[9]
McDonagh T, Belton P, Qi S. An investigation into the effects of geometric scaling and pore structure on drug dose and release of 3D printed solid dosage forms. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177: 113-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.06.013] [PMID: 35779743]
[10]
Wang S, Chen X, Han X, et al. A review of 3d printing technology in pharmaceutics: Technology and applications, now and future. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15(2): 416.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020416] [PMID: 36839738]
[11]
Vaz VM, Kumar L. 3D printing as a promising tool in personalized medicine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22(1): 49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-020-01905-8] [PMID: 33458797]
[12]
Article 3.1. Of directive 2001/83/ec of the european parlament of the council of 6 november 2001 on the community code relating to medicinal products for human use. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/regulatory-procedural-guideline/directive-2001/83/ec-european-parliament-council-6-november-2001-community-code-relating-medicinal-products-human-use_en.pdf [cited 2023 june 26].
[13]
Eudralex - volume 4—good manufacturing practice (gmp) guidelines | public health. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/eudralex/vol-4_en [cited 2023 june 26 ].
[14]
Zheng Z, Lv J, Yang W, et al. Preparation and application of subdivided tablets using 3D printing for precise hospital dispensing. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 149: 105293.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105293] [PMID: 32142932]
[15]
Öblom H, Sjöholm E, Rautamo M, Sandler N. Towards printed pediatric medicines in hospital pharmacies: Comparison of 2D and 3D-printed orodispersible warfarin films with conventional oral powders in unit dose sachets. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11(7): 334.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11070334] [PMID: 31337146]
[16]
Goyanes A, Madla CM, Umerji A, et al. Automated therapy preparation of isoleucine formulations using 3D printing for the treatment of MSUD: First single-centre, prospective, crossover study in patients. Int J Pharm 2019; 567: 118497.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118497] [PMID: 31279771]
[17]
Seoane-Viaño I, Trenfield SJ, Basit AW, Goyanes A. Translating 3D printed pharmaceuticals: From hype to real-world clinical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174: 553-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.003] [PMID: 33965461]
[18]
Khaled SA, Burley JC, Alexander MR, Yang J, Roberts CJ. 3D printing of five-in-one dose combination polypill with defined immediate and sustained release profiles. J Control Release 2015; 217: 308-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.028] [PMID: 26390808]
[19]
Pereira BC, Isreb A, Isreb M, Forbes RT, Oga EF, Alhnan MA. Additive manufacturing of a Point-of-Care “Polypill:” Fabrication of concept capsules of complex geometry with bespoke release against cardiovascular disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9(13): 2000236.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202000236] [PMID: 32510859]
[20]
Goyanes A, Scarpa M, Kamlow M, Gaisford S, Basit AW, Orlu M. Patient acceptability of 3D printed medicines. Int J Pharm 2017; 530(1-2): 71-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.064] [PMID: 28750894]
[21]
Fastø MM, Genina N, Kaae S, Kälvemark Sporrong S. Perceptions, preferences and acceptability of patient designed 3D printed medicine by polypharmacy patients: A pilot study. Int J Clin Pharm 2019; 41(5): 1290-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-019-00892-6] [PMID: 31444687]
[22]
Jamróz W, szafraniec J, kurek M, jachowicz R. 3d printing in pharmaceutical and medical applications – recent achievements and challenges Pharm Res 2018. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29998405/ [cited 2023 june 26].
[23]
Lind J, Kälvemark Sporrong S, Kaae S, Rantanen J, Genina N. Social aspects in additive manufacturing of pharmaceutical products. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14(8): 927-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2017.1266336] [PMID: 27892721]
[24]
Rahman M, Kamal MA. Cancer nanotherapeutics: Targeted medicine, therapeutic vaccination and challenges with cancer nanomedicines. InSeminars in cancer biology 2021; 69: 1-4.
[25]
Lachowicz D, Kaczyńska A, Wirecka R, et al. A hybrid system for magnetic hyperthermia and drug delivery: SPION functionalized by curcumin conjugate. Materials 2018; 11(12): 2388.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122388] [PMID: 30486447]
[26]
Ward DM, Shodeinde AB, Peppas NA. Innovations in biomaterial design toward successful RNA interference therapy for cancer treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10(13): 2100350.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202100350] [PMID: 33973393]
[27]
Sommonte F, Arduino I, Racaniello GF, Lopalco A, Lopedota AA, Denora N. The complexity of the blood-brain barrier and the concept of age-related brain targeting: Challenges and potential of novel solid lipid-based formulations. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111(3): 577-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.029] [PMID: 34469749]
[28]
Weaver E, O’Connor E, Cole DK, Hooker A, Uddin S, Lamprou DA. Microfluidic-mediated self-assembly of phospholipids for the delivery of biologic molecules. Int J Pharm 2022; 611: 121347.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121347] [PMID: 34890709]
[29]
Ballacchino G, Weaver E, Mathew E, et al. Manufacturing of 3D-printed microfluidic devices for the synthesis of drug-loaded liposomal formulations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22(15): 8064.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158064] [PMID: 34360832]
[30]
Li F, Macdonald NP, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Increasing the functionalities of 3D printed microchemical devices by single material, multimaterial, and print-pause-print 3D printing. Lab Chip 2019; 19(1): 35-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8LC00826D] [PMID: 30475367]
[31]
Gonzalez G, Roppolo I, Pirri CF, Chiappone A. Current and emerging trends in polymeric 3D printed microfluidic devices. Addit Manuf 2022; 55: 102867.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.102867]
[32]
Pistone M, Racaniello GF, Arduino I, et al. Direct cyclodextrin-based powder extrusion 3D printing for one-step production of the BCS class II model drug niclosamide. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12(8): 1895-910.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13346-022-01124-7] [PMID: 35138629]
[33]
Prabhakar P, Sen RK, Dwivedi N, et al. Printed microfluidics and potential biomedical applications. Frontiers in Nanotechnology 2021; 3: 609355.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2021.609355]
[34]
Sommonte F, Denora N, Lamprou DA. Combining 3D printing and microfluidic techniques: A powerful synergy for nanomedicine. Pharmaceuticals 2023; 16(1): 69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16010069] [PMID: 36678566]
[35]
Sommonte F, Weaver E, Mathew E, Denora N, Lamprou DA. In-house innovative “diamond shaped” 3D printed microfluidic devices for lysozyme-loaded liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14(11): 2484.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112484] [PMID: 36432675]
[36]
Venkatesan J, Anil S, Murugan SS. 3D bioprinted alginate-based biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. J 3D print med 2020; 14(4): 175-9.
[37]
Bellomo EG, Wyrsta MD, Pakstis L, Pochan DJ, Deming TJ. Stimuli-responsive polypeptide vesicles by conformation-specific assembly. Nat Mater 2004; 3(4): 244-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat1093] [PMID: 15034560]
[38]
Bauri K, Nandi M, De P. Amino acid-derived stimuli-responsive polymers and their applications. Polym Chem 2018; 9(11): 1257-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7PY02014G]
[39]
Jeong B, Gutowska A. Lessons from nature: Stimuli-responsive polymers and their biomedical applications. Trends Biotechnol 2002; 20(7): 305-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(02)01962-5] [PMID: 12062976]
[40]
Kelley EG, Albert JNL, Sullivan MO, Epps TH III. Stimuli-responsive copolymer solution and surface assemblies for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42(17): 7057-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cs35512h] [PMID: 23403471]
[41]
Mura S, Nicolas J, Couvreur P. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery. Nat Mater 2013; 12(11): 991-1003.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat3776] [PMID: 24150417]
[42]
Shah A, Malik MS, Khan GS, et al. Stimuli-responsive peptide-based biomaterials as drug delivery systems. Chem Eng J 2018; 353: 559-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.07.126]
[43]
Shahbazi M, Jäger H. Current status in the utilization of biobased polymers for 3D printing process: a systematic review of the materials, processes, and challenges. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4(1): 325-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c01379] [PMID: 35014287]
[44]
Nulwala H, Mirjafari A, Zhou X. Ionic liquids and poly(ionic liquid)s for 3D printing – A focused mini-review. Eur Polym J 2018; 108: 390-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.023]
[45]
Tibbits S. 4D printing: Multi-material shape change. Archit Des 2014; 84(1): 116-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.1710]
[46]
Rayate A, Jain PK. A review on 4D printing material composites and their applications. Mater Today Proc 2018; 5(9): 20474-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.424]
[47]
Ge Q, Qi HJ, Dunn ML. Active materials by four-dimension printing. Appl Phys Lett 2013; 103(13): 131901.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4819837]
[48]
Sydney Gladman A, Matsumoto EA, Nuzzo RG, Mahadevan L, Lewis JA. Biomimetic 4D printing. Nat Mater 2016; 15(4): 413-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat4544] [PMID: 26808461]
[49]
Dakošová O, Melníková E, Naumowicz M, et al. Direct electrochemical determination of environmentally harmful pharmaceutical ciprofloxacin in 3D printed flow-through cell. Chemosphere 2023; 313: 137517.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137517] [PMID: 36495982]
[50]
Abdalla Y, Elbadawi M, Ji M, et al. Machine learning using multi-modal data predicts the production of selective laser sintered 3D printed drug products. Int J Pharm 2023; 633: 122628.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122628] [PMID: 36682506]
[51]
Vithani K, Goyanes A, Jannin V, Basit AW, Gaisford S, Boyd BJ. An overview of 3D printing technologies for soft materials and potential opportunities for lipid-based drug delivery systems. Pharm Res 2019; 36(1): 4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-018-2531-1] [PMID: 30406349]
[52]
Lee SL, O’Connor TF, Yang X, et al. Modernizing pharmaceutical manufacturing: From batch to continuous production. J Pharm Innov 2015; 10(3): 191-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12247-015-9215-8]
[53]
Yu LX, Kopcha M. The future of pharmaceutical quality and the path to get there. Int J Pharm 2017; 528(1-2): 354-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.039] [PMID: 28619448]
[54]
Srai JS, Badman C, Krumme M, Futran M, Johnston C. Future supply chains enabled by continuous processing—Opportunities and challenges. May 20–21, 2014 continuous manufacturing symposium. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104(3): 840-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.24343]
[55]
Arden NS, Fisher AC, Tyner K, Yu LX, Lee SL, Kopcha M. Industry 4.0 for pharmaceutical manufacturing: Preparing for the smart factories of the future. Int J Pharm 2021; 602: 120554.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120554] [PMID: 33794326]
[56]
Yu LX. Pharmaceutical quality by design: Product and process development, understanding, and control. Pharm Res 2008; 25(4): 781-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-007-9511-1] [PMID: 18185986]
[57]
Yu LX, Amidon G, Khan MA, et al. Understanding pharmaceutical quality by design. AAPS J 2014; 16(4): 771-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12248-014-9598-3] [PMID: 24854893]
[58]
Reitze A, Jürgensmeyer N, Lier S, Kohnke M, Riese J, Grünewald M. Roadmap for a smart factory: A modular, intelligent concept for the production of specialty chemicals. Angew Chem Int Ed 2018; 57(16): 4242-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201711571] [PMID: 29297982]
[59]
Fung KY, Ng KM. Product-centered processing: Pharmaceutical tablets and capsules. AIChE J 2003; 49(5): 1193-215.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690490512]
[60]
Eden MR, Jørgensen SB, Gani R, El-Halwagi MM. A novel framework for simultaneous separation process and product design. Chem Eng Process 2004; 43(5): 595-608.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2003.03.002]
[61]
Gani R, Ng KM. Product design – molecules, devices, functional products, and formulated products. Comput Chem Eng 2015; 81: 70-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2015.04.013]
[62]
Zhang X, Zhou T, Zhang L, Fung KY, Ng KM. Food product design: A hybrid machine learning and mechanistic modeling approach. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019; 58(36): 16743-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02462]
[63]
Elbadawi M, Muñiz Castro B, Gavins FKH, et al. M3DISEEN: A novel machine learning approach for predicting the 3D printability of medicines. Int J Pharm 2020; 590: 119837.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119837] [PMID: 32961295]
[64]
Brishty FP, Urner R, Grau G. Machine learning based data driven inkjet printed electronics: Jetting prediction for novel inks. Flexible and Printed Electronics 2022; 7(1): 015009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ac5a39]
[65]
Nagy ZK. Model based control of a yeast fermentation bioreactor using optimally designed artificial neural networks. Chem Eng J 2007; 127(1-3): 95-109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2006.10.015]
[66]
Ventola CL. Medical applications for 3D printing: Current and projected uses. P&T 2014; 39(10): 704-11.
[PMID: 25336867]
[67]
Melocchi A, Parietti F, Loreti G, Maroni A, Gazzaniga A, Zema L. 3D printing by fused deposition modeling (FDM) of a swellable/erodible capsular device for oral pulsatile release of drugs. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015; 30: 360-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2015.07.016]
[68]
Fina F, Goyanes A, Madla CM, et al. 3D printing of drug-loaded gyroid lattices using selective laser sintering. Int J Pharm 2018; 547(1-2): 44-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.044] [PMID: 29787894]
[69]
Goyanes A, Wang J, Buanz A, et al. 3D printing of medicines: Engineering novel oral devices with unique design and drug release characteristics. Mol Pharm 2015; 12(11): 4077-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00510] [PMID: 26473653]
[70]
dos Santos J, Balbinot GS, Buchner S, et al. 3D printed matrix solid forms: Can the drug solubility and dose customisation affect their controlled release behaviour? Int J Pharm X 2023; 5: 100153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100153]
[71]
Melocchi A, Uboldi M, Maroni A, et al. 3D printing by fused deposition modeling of single- and multi-compartment hollow systems for oral delivery – A review. Int J Pharm 2020; 579: 119155.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119155] [PMID: 32081794]
[72]
Yu DG, Zhu LM, Branford-White CJ, Yang XL. Three-dimensional printing in pharmaceutics: Promises and problems. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97(9): 3666-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.21284] [PMID: 18257041]
[73]
Yu DG, Zhu LM, Branford-White CJ, et al. Solid dispersions in the form of electrospun core-sheath nanofibers. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6: 3271-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S27468] [PMID: 22228995]
[74]
Zhang YS, Khademhosseini A. Advances in engineering hydrogels. Science 2017; 356(6337): eaaf3627.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf3627] [PMID: 28473537]
[75]
Murphy SV, Atala A. 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32(8): 773-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2958] [PMID: 25093879]
[76]
Goyanes A, Robles Martinez P, Buanz A, Basit AW, Gaisford S. Effect of geometry on drug release from 3D printed tablets. Int J Pharm 2015; 494(2): 657-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.069] [PMID: 25934428]
[77]
Mohammed A, Elshaer A, Sareh P, Elsayed M, Hassanin H. Additive manufacturing technologies for drug delivery applications. Int J Pharm 2020; 580: 119245.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119245] [PMID: 32201252]
[78]
Zhang J, Lu A, Thakkar R, Zhang Y, Maniruzzaman M. Development and evaluation of amorphous oral thin films using solvent- free processes: Comparison between 3D printing and hot-melt extrusion technologies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13(10): 1613.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101613] [PMID: 34683906]
[79]
Richards D, Jia J, Yost M, Markwald R, Mei Y. 3D bioprinting for vascularized tissue fabrication. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45(1): 132-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-016-1653-z] [PMID: 27230253]
[80]
Loh QL, Choong C. Three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: Role of porosity and pore size. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2013; 19(6): 485-502.
[81]
Mandrycky C, Wang Z, Kim K, Kim DH. 3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34(4): 422-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.12.011] [PMID: 26724184]
[82]
Parulski C, Gresse E, Jennotte O, et al. Fused deposition modeling 3D printing of solid oral dosage forms containing amorphous solid dispersions: How to elucidate drug dissolution mechanisms through surface spectral analysis techniques? Int J Pharm 2022; 626: 122157.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122157] [PMID: 36055443]
[83]
Des Rieux A, Pourcelle V, Cani PD, Marchand-Brynaert J, Préat V. Targeted nanoparticles with novel non-peptidic ligands for oral delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 15,65(6): 833-44.
[84]
FDA U. Technical considerations for additive manufactured medical devices: guidance for industry and Food and Drug Administration staff. 2017.
[85]
Samiei N. Recent trends on applications of 3D printing technology on the design and manufacture of pharmaceutical oral formulation: a mini review. Beni Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 2020; 9(1): 1-2.
[86]
Fuenmayor E, O’Donnell C, Gately N, et al. Mass-customization of oral tablets via the combination of 3D printing and injection molding. Int J Pharm 2019; 569: 118611.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118611] [PMID: 31415874]
[87]
Gbureck U, Hölzel T, Klammert U, Würzler K, Müller FA, Barralet JE. Resorbable dicalcium phosphate bone substitutes prepared by 3D powder printing. Adv Funct Mater 2007; 17(18): 3940-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200700019]
[88]
Arya RK, Bisht D, Dhondiyal K, et al. Role of 3D Printing in Pharmaceutical Industry. In: New Horizons for Industry 40 in Modern Business. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2023; pp. 273-94.
[89]
Gopinathan J, Noh I. Recent trends in bioinks for 3D printing. Biomater Res 2018; 22(1): 11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40824-018-0122-1] [PMID: 29636985]
[90]
Yuk H, Lu B, Lin S, et al. 3D printing of conducting polymers. Nat Commun 2020; 11(1): 1604.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15316-7] [PMID: 32231216]
[91]
Nasiri G, Ahmadi S, Shahbazi MA, et al. 3D printing of bioactive materials for drug delivery applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19(9): 1061-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2022.2112944] [PMID: 35953890]
[92]
Maher S, Mazinani A, Barati MR, Losic D. Engineered titanium implants for localized drug delivery: Recent advances and perspectives of Titania nanotubes arrays. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15(10): 1021-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2018.1517743] [PMID: 30259776]
[93]
Than YM, Suriyarak S, Titapiwatanakun V. Rheological investigation of hydroxypropyl cellulose–based filaments for material extrusion 3D printing. Polymers 2022; 14(6): 1108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061108] [PMID: 35335439]
[94]
Murphy SV, Skardal A, Atala A. Evaluation of hydrogels for bio-printing applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101A(1): 272-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34326] [PMID: 22941807]
[95]
Zhang YS, Aleman J, Arneri A, et al. From cardiac tissue engineering to heart-on-a-chip: Beating challenges. Biomed Mater 2015; 10(3): 034006.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-6041/10/3/034006] [PMID: 26065674]
[96]
Zadpoor AA, Malda J. Additive manufacturing of biomaterials, tissues, and organs. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45(1): 1-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-016-1719-y] [PMID: 27632024]
[97]
Moradi M, Meiabadi S, Kaplan A. 3D printed parts with honeycomb internal pattern by fused deposition modelling; Experimental characterization and production optimization. Met Mater Int 2019; 25(5): 1312-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12540-019-00272-9]
[98]
Wiederhold BK. The metapharmacy: What happens when big pharma goes virtual? Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2022; 25(12): 767-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2022.29262.editorial] [PMID: 36475957]
[99]
3D printing the Metaverse: Where are the additive opportunities? Available from: https://3dprint.com/292348/3d-printing-the-metaverse/ (link accessed on 4 july 2023).
[100]
The future of 3D printing drugs in pharmacies is closer than you think. Available from: https://medicalfuturist.com/future-3d-printing- drugs-pharmacies-closer-think/ (Link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[101]
The future of technology: 3D printing experts on the frontier. Available from: https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/the-future-of-technology-3d-printing-experts-on-the-frontier-203637/ (Link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[102]
Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY, Chen C, Spence DM. Evaluation of 3D printing and its potential impact on biotechnology and the chemical sciences. Anal Chem 2014; 86(7): 3240-53.
[103]
3D printing supply chain solutions, Metaverse economy, CAR-T hunts cancer cells. Available from: https://www.linkedin.com/ pulse/3d-printing-supply-chain-solutions-metaverse-economy- car-t-saad-gul?trk=pulse- article_more-articles_related-content- card (Link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[104]
FDA’s role in 3d printing; 2017. Available from: https://www.fda. gov/medicaldevices/productsandmedicalprocedures/3dprintingofmedicaldevices/ucm500548.htm. (link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[105]
India’s new medical devices rules; 2017. Available from: https://www.mpo-mag.com/issues/2018-04-01/viewfeatures/indiasnew-medical-devices-rules (link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[106]
Available from: https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/3dprintingmedicaldevices/process3dprintingmedicaldevicces (link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[107]
Markets and markets, “3d printing market worth $42.9 billion by 2025 with a growing cagr of 23.3%”. Available from: https://www.digitaljournal.com/pr/4756923 (link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[108]
Multi-departmental joint publication to support the development of additive manufacturing industry 2020. Available from: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-12/14/content_5246754.htm (link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[109]
Centre for medical device evaluation, national medical products administration, people’s republic of china, “guidelines for the technical review of custom additive manufacturing medical device registration”. 2018. Available from: https://www.cmde.org.cn/cl0063/6954.html (link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[110]
Centre for medical device evaluation, national medical products administration, people’s republic of china, “3d printing artificial vertebrae registration technical review guidelines (no. 36 of 2020)”, 2020. Available from: https://www.cmde.org.cn/cl0112/21043.html (link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[111]
Centre for medical device evaluation, national medical products administration, people’s republic of china, “3d printed acetabular cup product registration technical review guidelines (no. 36 of 2020)”, 2020. Available from: https://www.cmde.org.cn/cl0112/21042.html (link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[112]
Nichols Martin. faa drafts plan to regulate additive manufacturing of aerospace components 2017. Available from: https://www.executivegov.com/2017/10/faa-drafts-plan-to-regulate-additive-manufacturing-of-aerospace-components/ (link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[113]
General electric, “the faa cleared the first 3d printed part to fly in a commercial jet engine from ge”. 2015. Available from: https://www.ge.com/news/reports/the-faa-cleared-the-first-3d-printed- part-to-fly-2 (link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[114]
H.r.7115 - 3-d firearms prohibitions act, 11t5h congress (2017-2018 Available from: https://www.congress.gov/bill/115thcongress/house-bill/7115/text?r=1&fbclid=iwar2ara4el2d6rhk5m_hnxhoklaylpcymascl_hbgtiv0uncw_dk5vppgo4es.1831 – 3d printed gun safety act of 2019, 116th congress (2019-2020), 2h0t1 https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/1831/text (link accessed on 5 july 2023).
[115]
Available from: https://bis.gov.in/index.php/product-certification/products-under-compulsory-certification/scheme-ii-registration-scheme/ (link accessed on 5 july 2023).

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy