Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Drug Safety

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1574-8863
ISSN (Online): 2212-3911

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Systematic Review Article

An Awareness of Pharmacovigilance Among Healthcare Professionals Due to an Underreporting of Adverse Drug Reactions Issue: A Systematic Review of the Current State, Obstacles, and Strategy

Author(s): Risani Andalasia Putri, Zullies Ikawati*, Fita Rahmawati and Nanang Munif Yasin

Volume 19, Issue 3, 2024

Published on: 16 October, 2023

Page: [317 - 331] Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/0115748863276456231016062628

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Healthcare professionals play an essential role in reporting adverse drug reactions as part of pharmacovigilance activities. However, adverse drug reactions reported by healthcare professionals remain low.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate healthcare professionals' knowledge, awareness, attitude, and practice on pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting, explore the causes of the underreporting issue, and provide improvement strategies.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted using four electronic databases for original papers, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Scholar ID. Recent publications from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2022 were selected. The following terms were used in the search: "awareness", "knowledge", "adverse drug reaction", "pharmacovigilance", "healthcare professional", and "underreporting factor". Articles were chosen, extracted, and reviewed by the two authors.

Results: Twenty-five studies were selected for systematic review. This review found that 24.8%–73.33% of healthcare professionals were unaware of the National Pharmacovigilance Center. Around 20%–95.7% of healthcare professionals have a positive attitude toward pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting, while 12%–60.8% of healthcare professionals have experience reporting any adverse drug reaction in their practice. The most frequently highlighted barriers to pharmacovigilance were a lack of awareness and knowledge regarding what, when, and to whom to report.

Conclusion: Underreporting issues require immediate attention among healthcare professionals due to a lack of awareness and knowledge of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting. Educational and training program interventions have been suggested by most studies to address these issues.

Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Randall T. Thalidomide’s back in the news, but in more favorable circumstances. United States: JAMA 1990; Vol. 263: pp. 1467-8.
[2]
Ramírez E, Rossignoli T, Campos AJ, et al. Drug-induced life-threatening potassium disturbances detected by a pharmacovigilance program from laboratory signals. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 69(1): 97-110.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-012-1303-9] [PMID: 22648277]
[3]
Salem JE, Nguyen LS, Moslehi JJ, et al. Anticancer drug-induced life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias: a World Health Organization pharmacovigilance study. Eur Heart J 2021; 42(38): 3915-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab362] [PMID: 34370839]
[4]
Fan WL, Shiao MS, Hui RCY, Su SC, Wang CW, Chang YC, et al. HLA association with drug-induced adverse reactions. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017: 3186328.
[5]
World Health Organization. Safety of Medicines World Health Organ. Geneva 2002; 2002.(2)
[6]
Watanabe JH, McInnis T, Hirsch JD. Cost of prescription drug–related morbidity and mortality. Ann Pharmacother 2018; 52(9): 829-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028018765159] [PMID: 29577766]
[7]
Formica D, Sultana J, Cutroneo PM, et al. The economic burden of preventable adverse drug reactions: a systematic review of observational studies. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17(7): 681-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2018.1491547] [PMID: 29952667]
[8]
Al Hamid A, Ghaleb M, Aljadhey H, Aslanpour Z. A systematic review of hospitalization resulting from medicine‐related problems in adult patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 78(2): 202-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12293] [PMID: 24283967]
[9]
Aderemi-Williams R, Awodele O, Boyle C. Adverse drug reactions amongst adult patients admitted in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos, Nigeria. Curr Drug Saf 2015; 10(2): 136-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574886309666140601211211] [PMID: 24909574]
[10]
Giardina C, Cutroneo PM, Mocciaro E, et al. Adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: Results of the forward (Facilitation of Reporting in Hospital Ward) Study. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9: 350.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00350] [PMID: 29695966]
[11]
Malmström RE, Godman BB, Diogene E, et al. Dabigatran – a case history demonstrating the need for comprehensive approaches to optimize the use of new drugs. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4: 39.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2013.00039
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00039] [PMID: 23717279]
[12]
Seruga B, Templeton AJ, Badillo FEV, Ocana A, Amir E, Tannock IF. Under-reporting of harm in clinical trials. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17(5): e209-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)00152-2] [PMID: 27301048]
[13]
Vallano A, Cereza G, Pedròs C, et al. Obstacles and solutions for spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions in the hospital. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 60(6): 653-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02504.x] [PMID: 16305591]
[14]
Pacurariu AC, Straus SM, Trifirò G, et al. Useful interplay between spontaneous adr reports and electronic healthcare records in signal detection. Drug Saf 2015; 38(12): 1201-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40264-015-0341-5] [PMID: 26370104]
[15]
Hadi MA, Neoh CF, Zin RM, Elrggal M, Cheema E. Pharmacovigilance: pharmacists’ perspective on spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting. Integr Pharm Res Pract 2017; 6: 91-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S105881] [PMID: 29354555]
[16]
Alomar M, Tawfiq AM, Hassan N, Palaian S. Post marketing surveillance of suspected adverse drug reactions through spontaneous reporting: current status, challenges and the future. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2020; 11: 2042098620938595. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089269714&doi=10.1177%2F2042098620938595&partnerID=40&md5=96a6ec0244f790ada7d4d929604ee84b
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042098620938595] [PMID: 32843958]
[17]
WHO. The Safety of Medicines in Public health programmes: Pharmacovigilance an essential tool WHO Libr Cat Data 2006; 61 Available from: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/safety_efficacy/Pharmacovigilance_B.pdf
[18]
Tahseen R, Parvez M. Sravan Kumar G PJ. A Correlational Study on Neutrophil - to - Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet - to - Lymphocyte Ratio in Bronchial Asthma. Adv Hum Biol 2023; 13(1): 68-72.
[19]
Pagotto C, Varallo F, Mastroianni P. Impact of educational interventions on adverse drug events reporting. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2013; 29(4): 410-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266462313000457] [PMID: 24290334]
[20]
Varallo FR, Planeta CS, de Carvalho Mastroianni P. Effectiveness of pharmacovigilance: multifaceted educational intervention related to the knowledge, skills and attitudes of multidisciplinary hospital staff. Clinics 2017; 72(1): 51-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2017(01)09] [PMID: 28226033]
[21]
Pal SN, Duncombe C, Falzon D, Olsson S. WHO strategy for collecting safety data in public health programmes: complementing spontaneous reporting systems. Drug Saf 2013; 36(2): 75-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40264-012-0014-6] [PMID: 23329541]
[22]
Palleria C, Leporini C, Chimirri S, Marrazzo G, Sacchetta S, Bruno L, et al. Limitations and obstacles of the spontaneous adverse drugs reactions reporting: Two “challenging” case reports. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2013; 4 (Suppl. 1): 566-72.
[23]
Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390(10100): 1211-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2] [PMID: 28919117]
[24]
Necho Mulatu W. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of health professionals towards adverse drug reaction reporting and factors associated with reporting. J Pharmacovigil 2014; 2(4)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-6887.1000135]
[25]
Ali S, Moinuddin K, Al-Aqqad A, et al. Knowledge and attitude of health-care professionals toward adverse drug reactions reporting at King Saud Medical City. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2018; 10(1): 29-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_234_17] [PMID: 29657505]
[26]
Terblanche A, Meyer JC, Godman B, Summers RS. Knowledge, attitudes and perspective on adverse drug reaction reporting in a public sector hospital in South Africa: baseline analysis. Hosp Pract 1995; 45(5): 238-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21548331.2017.1381013]
[27]
Bhagavathula AS, Elnour AA, Jamshed SQ, Shehab A. Health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and practices about Pharmacovigilance in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11(3): e0152221.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152221] [PMID: 27010447]
[28]
O’Callaghan J, Griffin BT, Morris JM, Bermingham M, Adisa R, Omitogun TI, et al. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of health-care professionals in adverse drug reaction reporting in a tertiary care hospital. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11(1): 356-61. [Internet].
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21548331.2017.1381013]
[29]
Ibrahim DM, Shawki MA, Solayman MH, Sabri NA. Pharmacovigilance education to healthcare professionals: Will it affect their performance in reporting adverse drug reactions? Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75(11): e14731.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.14731] [PMID: 34387008]
[30]
Kumar S, Sooraj Babu S, Wilson A. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of health-care professionals in adverse drug reaction reporting in a tertiary care hospital. Med J Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth 2020; pp. 356-61.
[31]
Güner MD, Ekmekci PE. Healthcare professionals’ pharmacovigilance knowledge and adverse drug reaction reporting behavior and factors determining the reporting rates. J Drug Assess 2019; 8(1): 13-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21556660.2019.1566137] [PMID: 30729064]
[32]
van Eekeren R, Rolfes L, Koster AS, et al. What future healthcare professionals need to know about pharmacovigilance: introduction of the who pv core curriculum for university teaching with focus on clinical aspects. Drug Saf 2018; 41(11): 1003-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40264-018-0681-z] [PMID: 29949100]
[33]
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021; 372(71)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71] [PMID: 33782057]
[34]
Almandil NB. Healthcare professionals’ awareness and knowledge of adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance. Saudi Med J 2016; 37(12): 1359-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15537/smj.2016.12.17059] [PMID: 27874152]
[35]
Le TT, Nguyen TTH, Nguyen C, et al. Factors associated with spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting among healthcare professionals in Vietnam. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 45(1): 122-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.13037] [PMID: 31486525]
[36]
Abubakar AR, Simbak NB, Haque M. A systematic review of knowledge, attitude and practice on adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance among doctors. J Appl Pharm Sci 2014; 4(10): 117-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2014.401021]
[37]
Danekhu K, Shrestha S, Aryal S, Shankar PR. Health-care professionals’ knowledge and perception of adverse drug reaction reporting and pharmacovigilance in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Nepal. Hosp Pharm 2021; 56(3): 178-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018578719883796] [PMID: 34024926]
[38]
Gurmesa LT, Dedefo MG. Factors affecting adverse drug reaction reporting of healthcare professionals and their knowledge, attitude, and practice towards ADR reporting in Nekemte Town. West Ethiopia Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016.
[39]
Alshammari TM, Alamri KK, Ghawa YA, Alohali NF, Abualkol SA, Aljadhey HS. Knowledge and attitude of health-care professionals in hospitals towards pharmacovigilance in Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pharm 2015; 37(6): 1104-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-015-0165-5] [PMID: 26216270]
[40]
Abu Hammour K, El-Dahiyat F, Abu Farha R. Health care professionals knowledge and perception of pharmacovigilance in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Amman, Jordan. J Eval Clin Pract 2017; 23(3): 608-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jep.12683] [PMID: 28090715]
[41]
Wangge G, Akbar W. Knowledge, attitudes and practice of pharmacovigilance among health care professionals in Indonesia. Health Sci J Indonesia 2016; 7(1): 59-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/hsji.v7i1.5285.59-63]
[42]
Ergün Y, Ergün TB, Toker E, Ünal E, Akben M. Knowledge attitude and practice of Turkish health professionals towards pharmacovigilance in a university hospital. Int Health 2019; 11(3): 177-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihy073] [PMID: 30265317]
[43]
Shanko H, Abdela J. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health care professionals toward adverse drug reaction reporting in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Hosp Pharm 2018; 53(3): 177-87.https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041902626&doi=10.1177%2F0018578717737430&partnerID=40&md5=4ac734441dbde719dcedc95d1a2e4edc
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018578717737430] [PMID: 30147138]
[44]
WHO. International drug monitoring: the role of national centres. Report of a WHO meeting. Vol. 498. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1972; 1-25.
[45]
Gupta S, Nayak R, Shivaranjani R, Vidyarthi S. A questionnaire study on the knowledge, attitude, and the practice of pharmacovigilance among the healthcare professionals in a teaching hospital in South India. Perspect Clin Res 2015; 6(1): 45-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.148816] [PMID: 25657902]
[46]
Hussain R, Hassali MA, Hashmi F, Akram T. Exploring healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitude, and practices towards pharmacovigilance: a cross-sectional survey. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14(1): 5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40545-020-00287-3] [PMID: 33397478]
[47]
Gordhon Y, Padayachee N. Evaluating the knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers towards adverse drug reaction reporting at a public tertiary hospital in Johannesburg Int J Africa. Nurs Sci 2020; 100191.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100191]
[48]
Sujatha P, Patmaja P, Sreenivas K, Supriya S, Saran R, Hilma B. Assessment of knowledge, awareness and practices among healthcare professionals about pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting in king george hospital, visakhapatnam. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 2019; 18(7): 59-67.
[49]
Adisa R, Omitogun TI. Awareness, knowledge, attitude and practice of adverse drug reaction reporting among health workers and patients in selected primary healthcare centres in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19(1): 926.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4775-9] [PMID: 31796034]
[50]
Apurva A, Chaturvedi P. Awareness, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among healthcare professionals and students in a tertiary care. IJCRR 2012; 4(17): 5-13.
[51]
Yawson AA, Abekah-Nkrumah G, Okai GA, Ofori CG. Awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among healthcare professionals in Ghana. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2022; 13: 20420986221116468.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20420986221116468] [PMID: 35966898]
[52]
Damodar SK, Joseph J, Cheaten S, Rajendran N, Vijayan PM, Guru G. Assessment of Knowledge, Awareness and Practices among Healthcare Professionals about Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting in Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri Districts of Tamilnadu, India. J Pharm Prac Commun Med 2018; 4(1): 33-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/jppcm.2018.1.9]
[53]
Ali MD, Hassan YA, Ahmad A, Alaqel O, Al-Harbi H, Al-Suhaimi NM. Knowledge, practice and attitudes toward pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting process among health care providers in dammam, saudi arabia. Curr Drug Saf 2018; 13(1): 21-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574886313666171218123802] [PMID: 29256354]
[54]
Nisa ZU, Zafar A, Sher F. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of adverse drug reaction reporting among healthcare professionals in secondary and tertiary hospitals in the capital of Pakistan. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26(4): 453-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.014] [PMID: 29844715]
[55]
Aryal S, Uprety BN, Shrestha R, Gupta M, Upadhaya A. Attitude of Doctors and Nurses towards Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting at a University Teaching Hospital. Annap J Health Sci 2022; 2(2): 27-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.52910/ajhs.82]
[56]
Hussain R, Hassali MA, Hashmi F, Farooqui M. A qualitative exploration of knowledge, attitudes and practices of hospital pharmacists towards adverse drug reaction reporting system in Lahore, Pakistan. J Pharm Policy Pract 2018; 11(1): 16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40545-018-0143-0] [PMID: 30034811]
[57]
Amrain M, Bečić F. Knowledge, perception, practices and barriers of healthcare professionals in Bosnia and Herzegovina towards adverse drug reaction reporting and pharmacovigilance. J Health Sci 2014; 4(2): 120-5.
[58]
Shamim S, Sharib SM, Malhi SM, et al. Adverse drug reactions (ADRS) reporting: awareness and reasons of under-reporting among health care professionals, a challenge for pharmacists. Springerplus 2016; 5(1): 1778.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-3337-4] [PMID: 27795920]
[59]
Sandberg A, Ehlers P, Torvinen S, Sandberg H, Sivén M. Regulation awareness and experience of additional monitoring among healthcare professionals in finland. Health Care 2021; 9(11): 1540.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111540] [PMID: 34828586]
[60]
Khan Z, Karatas Y, Martins MAP, Jamshed S, Rahman H. Knowledge, attitude, practice and barriers towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting among healthcare professionals in Turkey: a systematic review. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38(1): 145-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2021.1997287] [PMID: 34694167]
[61]
Balan S. Knowledge, attitude and practice of Malaysian healthcare professionals toward adverse drug reaction reporting: a systematic review. Int J Pharm Pract 2021; 29(4): 308-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riab030] [PMID: 34289016]
[62]
Singh J, Singh H, Rohilla R, Kumar RGC. Lack of awareness of pharmacovigilance among young health-care professionals in india: An issue requiring urgent intervention. IInt J Appl Basic Med Res 2018; 8(3): 158-63.
[63]
Khan Z, Karatas Y, Hamid SM. Evaluation of health care professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, practices and barriers to pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting: A cross-sectional multicentral study. PLoS One 2023; 18(5): 1-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285811]
[64]
Ali I, Ahmad W, Ullah AR, et al. Knowledge, Attitude, and Barriers Toward ADRs Reporting Among Health-Care Professionals at Tertiary Care Health Settings in Peshawar, Pakistan: A Web Based Study. Hosp Pharm 2021; 56(4): 384-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018578720910401] [PMID: 34381279]
[65]
Aziz Z, Siang TC, Badarudin NS. Reporting of adverse drug reactions: predictors of under‐reporting in Malaysia. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007; 16(2): 223-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.1313] [PMID: 16947117]
[66]
Ganesan S, Sandhiya S, Reddy K, Adithan C, Adithan C. The impact of the educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance toward adverse drug reactions reporting among health-care professionals in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2017; 8(2): 203-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.210014] [PMID: 28781488]
[67]
Goel D. Impact of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance among nurses. Arch Med Health Sci 2018; 6(1): 32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_6_18]
[68]
Menang O, Soyres-kuemmerle A. De, Maigetter K. Strategies and interventions to strengthen pharmacovigilance systems in low- and middle-income countries : a scoping review. BMJ Open 2023; 13(9): e071079.
[69]
Sharif MA, Kazi AA, Rweyemamu MA. Why pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting practices lacks in developing countries : A study from Pakistan. Syst Rev Pharm 2021; 12(11): 604-10.
[70]
SN A. BA D. Pharmacovigilance Practices: Knowledge and Attitudes among the Healthcare Professionals at the Volta Regional Hospital of Ghana. J Pharmacovigil 2017; 05(03)
[71]
Alqahtani SS, Ahmad S, Alam N, et al. Healthcare professionals’ awareness, attitudes and practices towards pharmacovigilance and spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: A survey study. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31(6): 979-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.04.021] [PMID: 37234340]
[72]
Gidey K, Seifu M, Hailu BY, Asgedom SW, Niriayo YL. Healthcare professionals knowledge, attitude and practice of adverse drug reactions reporting in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10(2): e034553.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034553] [PMID: 32102821]
[73]
Dutta A, Banerjee A, Basu S, Chaudhry S. Analysis of under-reporting of Adverse Drug Reaction: Scenario in India and neighbouring countries. IP Inter J Comprehen Adv Pharmacol 2020; 5(3): 118-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcaap.2020.025]
[74]
Anusha IL, Aashritha M, Teja K, Sridhar R. Review on pharmacovigilance and its importance. World J Pharm Pharm Sci 2017; 6(1): 300-10.
[75]
Ithnin M, Mohd Rani MD, Abd Latif Z, et al. Mobile app design, development, and publication for adverse drug reaction assessments of causality, severity, and preventability. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017; 5(5): e78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.6261] [PMID: 28559222]
[76]
Braund R, Lawrence CK, Baum L, Kessler B, Vassart M, Coulter C. Quality of electronic records documenting adverse drug reactions within a hospital setting: identification of discrepancies and information completeness. N Z Med J 2019; 132(1488): 28-37.
[PMID: 31851659]
[77]
de Vries ST, Denig P, Lasheras Ruiz C, et al. Interest in a mobile app for two-way risk communication: A survey study among european healthcare professionals and patients. Drug Saf 2018; 41(7): 697-712.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40264-018-0648-0] [PMID: 29500800]
[78]
Pierce CE, de Vries ST, Bodin-Parssinen S, et al. Recommendations on the Use of Mobile Applications for the Collection and Communication of Pharmaceutical Product Safety Information: Lessons from IMI WEB-RADR. Drug Saf 2019; 42(4): 477-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40264-019-00813-6] [PMID: 30911975]
[79]
de Vries ST, Wong L, Sutcliffe A, Houÿez F, Ruiz CL, Mol PGM. Factors Influencing the Use of a Mobile App for Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions and Receiving Safety Information: A Qualitative Study. Drug Saf 2017; 40(5): 443-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40264-016-0494-x] [PMID: 28035492]
[80]
Shanableh S, Zainal H, Alomar M, Palaian S. A national survey of knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting among hospital pharmacy practitioners in the United Arab Emirates. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16(1): 92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40545-023-00593-6] [PMID: 37464445]
[81]
Muro EP, Semvua HH, Mwamwitwa KW, Fimbo AM, Kisenge SH, Shiletiwa N, et al. Assessment of educational intervention impact on improving pharmacovigilance knowledge among health care providers: A study from different Hospitals in TanzaniaJ Pharmacovig. Drug Res 2023; 4(3)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2023.4.3.4]
[82]
Bogolubova S, Padayachee N, Schellack N. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses and pharmacists towards adverse drug reaction reporting in the South African private hospital sector. Health SA 2018; 23: 1064.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v23i0.1064] [PMID: 31934371]
[83]
Shalviri G, Mohebbi N, Mirbaha F, Majdzadeh R, Yazdizadeh B, Gholami K. Improving adverse drug event reporting by health care professionals. Cochrane Libr 2017; 2017(3)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012594]
[84]
Opadeyi AO, Fourrier-Réglat A, Isah AO. Educational intervention to improve the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals regarding pharmacovigilance in South-South Nigeria. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2019; 10: 2042098618816279.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042098618816279] [PMID: 30719280]
[85]
Cheema E, Haseeb A, Khan TM, Sutcliffe P, Singer DR. Barriers to reporting of adverse drugs reactions: a cross sectional study among community pharmacists in United Kingdom. Pharm Pract 2017; 15(3): 931.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2017.03.931] [PMID: 28943977]
[86]
Khan TM. Community pharmacists’ knowledge and perceptions about adverse drug reactions and barriers towards their reporting in Eastern region, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2013; 4(2): 45-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042098612474292] [PMID: 25083250]
[87]
Mirbaha F, Shalviri G, Yazdizadeh B, Gholami K, Majdzadeh R. Perceived barriers to reporting adverse drug events in hospitals: a qualitative study using theoretical domains framework approach. Implement Sci 2015; 10(1): 110.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13012-015-0302-5] [PMID: 26250159]
[88]
Tan Y, Hu Y, Liu X, Yin Z, Chen X, Liu M. Improving drug safety: From adverse drug reaction knowledge discovery to clinical implementation. Methods 2016; 110(110): 14-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.07.023] [PMID: 27485605]
[89]
Kiguba R, Karamagi C, Waako P, Ndagije HB, Bird SM. Recognition and reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions by surveyed healthcare professionals in Uganda: key determinants. BMJ Open 2014; 4(11): e005869.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005869] [PMID: 25421337]
[90]
Schutte T, Tichelaar J, Reumerman MO, et al. Pharmacovigilance skills, knowledge and attitudes in our future doctors – A nationwide study in the netherlands. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 120(5): 475-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12712] [PMID: 27883270]
[91]
Reumerman M, Tichelaar J, Piersma B, Richir MC, van Agtmael MA. Urgent need to modernize pharmacovigilance education in healthcare curricula: review of the literature. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 74(10): 1235-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-018-2500-y] [PMID: 29926135]
[92]
Herrera Comoglio R. Undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacovigilance education: A proposal for appropriate curriculum content. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86(4): 779-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14179] [PMID: 31770452]
[93]
Alwhaibi M, Al Aloola NA. Healthcare students’ knowledge, attitude and perception of pharmacovigilance: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15(5): e0233393.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233393] [PMID: 32433649]
[94]
Jha N, Rathore DS, Shankar PR, et al. Effect of an educational intervention on knowledge and attitude regarding pharmacovigilance and consumer pharmacovigilance among community pharmacists in Lalitpur district, Nepal. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10(1): 4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-016-2343-5] [PMID: 28057047]
[95]
Abu Farha R, Abu Hammour K, Rizik M, Aljanabi R, Alsakran L. Effect of educational intervention on healthcare providers knowledge and perception towards pharmacovigilance: A tertiary teaching hospital experience. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26(5): 611-6.https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043332004&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jsps.2018.03.002&partnerID=40&md5=fb9ec87e8f3a924ec3a0612d8894a0f5
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2018.03.002] [PMID: 29991905]
[96]
Deepalakshmi M, Kumar P, Arun KP, Ponnusankar S. Impact of continuing pharmacy education on the knowledge, attitude and practice of community pharmacists about ADR monitoring and reporting. Indian J Pharm Sci 2019; 81(4): 633-9.https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072397468&doi=10.36468%2Fpharmaceutical-sciences.554&partnerID=40 &md5=9467b15a8198900ffa04c05bd7b4472c [Internet].
[97]
Aung AK, Walker S, Khu YL, Tang MJ, Lee JI, Graudins LV. Adverse drug reaction management in hospital settings: review on practice variations, quality indicators and education focus. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 78(5): 781-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-022-03287-1] [PMID: 35171316]
[98]
Li R, Zaidi STR, Chen T, Castelino R. Effectiveness of interventions to improve adverse drug reaction reporting by healthcare professionals over the last decade: A systematic review. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2020; 29(1): 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.4906] [PMID: 31724270]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy