Abstract
The development of entrepreneurship which is a requirement for the commercialization of academic findings in each society depends on many influencing factors. In this paper, these influencing variables on the entrepreneurial ecosystem in IRAN (in general and with a special focus on food technology) have been discussed. Furthermore, the ecosystem, and situations of the food industry in Iran as well as the barriers to the development of entrepreneurship have been described. After a review of the key success of succeeding countries, then, obstacles and approaches in Iran have been described. Also, the method and manner of ecosystem development, as well as effective components in the entrepreneurship ecosystem are introduced. Finally, the key success factors of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and evaluation criteria are described. Both academic and food industries may benefit from this study, especially start-ups, which want to start a business in this ecosystem and similar ones. Based on previous experiences a questionnaire has been recommended for the development of a new network, e.g. food technology network.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Stam E, van de Ven A. Entrepreneurial ecosystem elements. Small Bus Econ 2021; 56(2): 809-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00270-6]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00270-6]
[2]
Xu Z, Maas G. Innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems as important building blocks. Transformational entrepreneurship practices: global case studies. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2019; pp. 15-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11524-1_2]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11524-1_2]
[3]
Volkmann C, Fichter K, Klofsten M, Audretsch DB. Sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems: An emerging field of research. Small Bus Econ 2021; 56(3): 1047-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00253-7]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00253-7]
[4]
Forfas F. Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: South West Ireland, rethinking entrepreneurship. Dublin: Baseline Data and Analysis, South West Ireland 2009.
[6]
Cohen B. Sustainable valley entrepreneurial ecosystems. Bus Strategy Environ 2006; 15(1): 1-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.428]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.428]
[7]
Pistrui D, Blessing J, Mekemson K, Eds. Building an entrepreneurial engineering ecosystem for future generations The Kern Entrepreneurship Education Network ASEE Annual Conference. 2008; 1-22.
[9]
Isenberg D. The entrepreneurship ecosystem strategy as a new paradigm for economic policy: Principles for cultivating entrepreneurship. Present Institute Int Euro Affairs 2011; 1: 1-13.
[10]
Bagheri A, Akbari M. Entrepreneurship research in Iran: A systematic review of the empirical studies. Int J Bus Innov Res 2019; 18(2): 208-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2019.097250]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2019.097250]
[11]
Pakrad M, Kazemi RM. Identifying effective factors on technological entrepreneurship in Iranian nanotechnology SMES. Inform Manag Bus Rev 2012; 4(8): 461-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v4i8.1001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v4i8.1001]
[12]
Astakhova KV, Korobeev AI, Prokhorova VV, Kolupaev AA, Vorotnoy MV, Kucheryavaya ER. The role of education in economic and social development of the country. Int Rev Manag Mark 2016; 6.
[13]
Lukeš M, Longo MC, Zouhar J. Do business incubators really enhance entrepreneurial growth? Evidence from a large sample of innovative Italian start-ups. Technovation 2019; 82-83: 25-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2018.07.008]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2018.07.008]
[14]
Clarysse B, Bruneel J. Nurturing and growing innovative start-ups: The role of policy as integrator. R D Manag 2007; 37(2): 139-49.
[15]
Laukkanen M. Exploring alternative approaches in high-level entrepreneurship education: Creating micromechanisms for endogenous regional growth. Entrep Reg Dev 2000; 12(1): 25-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/089856200283072]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/089856200283072]
[16]
Ahadi S, Kasraie S. Contextual factors of entrepreneurship intention in manufacturing SMEs: The case study of Iran. J Small Bus Enterprise Dev 2020; 27(4): 633-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2019-0074]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2019-0074]
[17]
Rezaei-Moghaddam K, Izadi H. Entrepreneurship in small agricultural quick-impact enterprises in Iran: Development of an index, effective factors and obstacles. J Glob Entrep Res 2019; 9(1): 17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0133-3]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0133-3]
[18]
Samadi AH. Institutions and entrepreneurship in MENA countries entrepreneurship ecosystem in the middle East and North Africa (MENA). Springer 2018; pp. 53-93.
[19]
Chorev S, Anderson AR. Success in Israeli high-tech start-ups; Critical factors and process. Technovation 2006; 26(2): 162-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2005.06.014]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2005.06.014]
[20]
Regele MD, Neck HM. The entrepreneurship education subecosystem in the United States: Opportunities to increase entrepreneurial activity. J Bus Entrepr 2012; 23: 25.
[21]
Khalil MA, Olafsen E. Enabling innovative entrepreneurship through business incubation The innovation for development report 2009-2010. Springer 2010; pp. 69-84.
[22]
Bahrami H, Evans S. Flexible re-cycling and high-technology entrepreneurship. Calif Manage Rev 1995; 37(3): 62-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41165799]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41165799]
[23]
Suresh J, Ramraj R. Entrepreneurial ecosystem: Case study on the influence of environmental factors on entrepreneurial success. Eur J Bus Manag 2012; 4: 95-101.
[24]
Bell CG, McNamara JE. High-tech ventures: The guide for entrepreneurial success. Perseus Publishing 1991.
[25]
Hoover D. Entrepreneurship ecosystem builders: Philanthropy, entrepreneurs, universities, and communities working collaboratively Annals of Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy – 2021. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing 2021; Chapter 9.
[27]
Audretsch D, Mason C, Miles MP, O’Connor A. The dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Taylor & Francis 2018; 471-474.
[28]
Lagorio A, Zenezini G, Mangano G. A systematic literature review of innovative technologies adopted in logistics management. Int J Log Res App 2020; 25(7): 1043-66.
[29]
Hoogendoorn B, van der Zwan P, Thurik R. Sustainable Entrepreneurship: The Role of Perceived Barriers and Risk. J Bus Ethics 2019; 157(4): 1133-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3646-8]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3646-8]
[30]
Alavy Namvar ST, Safania AM, Boroumand MR, Afarinesh Khaki A. Organizational entrepreneurship barriers in sport organizations (IRI. Gymnastics Federation). Int J Nonlinear Anal Appl 2021; 12: 2577-88.
[31]
Salaev N, Khamidov NJIO. Qualification of smuggling: Uzbek legislation and foreign experience. Elemen Edv Online 2021; 20(3): 1661-7.
[32]
Morris MH, Santos SC, Neumeyer XJBH. Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty in developed economies. Business Horizons 2020; 63(3): 377-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2020.01.010]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2020.01.010]
[33]
Wach K, Bilan S. Public support and administration barriers towards entrepreneurial intentions of students in Poland. Admin Si Manage Pub 2021; 36: 67-80.
[34]
Li C, Xu Y, Gill A, Haider ZA, Wang Y. Religious beliefs, socially responsible investment, and cost of debt: Evidence from entrepreneurial firms in India. Emerg Markets Rev 2019; 38: 102-14.
[35]
Ezenwakwelu CA, Egbosionu NA, Okwo H. Apprenticeship training effects on entrepreneurship development in developing economies. Acad Entreprene J 2019; 25(1): 1-21.
[36]
Vorobeva E. Overcoming the mobility bias in transnational entrepreneurship. G N: J Trans Aff 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/glob.12424]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/glob.12424]
[37]
Mohammadali ZM, Abdulkhaliq SS. Prospects and challenges of entrepreneurship development in Kurdistan region of Iraq: An overview. Int J Entrepr Know 2019; 7(2): 4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.37335/ijek.v7i2.89]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.37335/ijek.v7i2.89]
[38]
Liguori E, Bendickson J, Solomon S, McDowell WC. Development of a multi-dimensional measure for assessing entrepreneurial ecosystems. Ent Reg Dev 2019; 31(2): 7-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1537144]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1537144]
[39]
Bhatt B, Qureshi I. Riaz SJJoBE. Social entrepreneurship in non-munificent institutional environments and implications for institutional work. Insights from China 2019; 154: 605-30.
[40]
Everett MG, Borgatti SP. The centrality of groups and classes. J Math Sociol 1999; 23(3): 181-201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.1999.9990219]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.1999.9990219]
[41]
Watts DJ. Networks, dynamics, and the small-world phenomenon. Am J Sociol 1999; 105(2): 493-527.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/210318]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/210318]
[42]
Gloor PA, Paasivaara M, Schoder D, Willems P. Finding collaborative innovation networks through correlating performance with social network structure. Int J Prod Res 2008; 46(5): 1357-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540701224582]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540701224582]
[43]
Hosseinzadeh M, Foroushani MS, Sadraei RJBFJ. Dynamic performance development of entrepreneurial ecosystem in the agricultural sector. Brit Food J 2022; 124(7): 2361-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-08-2021-0909]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-08-2021-0909]
