Abstract
Palms have been a source of food, drinks, oil, lumber, sugar, and the sap it produces. Palm sap is a refreshing, non-alcoholic beverage that has a plethora of health benefits. Some examples of palm-based beverages are Neera, toddy, tuba, wine, arak, and other traditional fermented drinks, along with concentrated syrups. Palm sap-based beverages are high in carbohydrates, vital amino acids, and vitamins and are consumed as energy drinks around the world. Antioxidants, which have been shown to have a good effect on human health, are also found naturally in palm-based beverages. Technological advancement, marketing, and a lack of research and training hinder the commercialization of nutritional by-products made from palm sap. The current review aims to focus on palm-based beverages, their health benefits, recent developments, and future perspectives.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2018.11.002114]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.002]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.709.229]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816689-5.00012-2]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v116/i11/1809-1817]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v109/i8/1411-1417]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ160420024N]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-018-0597-z]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages5010022]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-019-00743-8]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-3004-y] [PMID: 29487438]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.018]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.10.049]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14456/sjst-psu.2018.55]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/medisains.v17i1.3796]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2021.126769] [PMID: 33873140]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.15372]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2012009]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2020.1847142]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2621.1997.00400.x]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.3.6.214-218]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515001452] [PMID: 25997382]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.11.023]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/scientificreports.397]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-2-7] [PMID: 14498993]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules14125144] [PMID: 20032881]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.026]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41204-021-00116-1]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01382] [PMID: 31316477]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v5i3.18297]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2020/v21i930229]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740291112] [PMID: 750744]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12162107] [PMID: 36009697]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110482] [PMID: 34399478]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816678-9.00007-2]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.695494]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.02.010]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02934.x] [PMID: 21039665]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2016.6.2.758-763]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20612008000500015]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12602-013-9149-8] [PMID: 24676763]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v9i1.861]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815270-6.00006-2]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.035] [PMID: 34354425]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0041]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11483-007-9033-8]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109479]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.05.027]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100079]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01976] [PMID: 30186278]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-3545-8] [PMID: 30906043]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-021-05303-1] [PMID: 35734126]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100624]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.100368] [PMID: 23112412]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.117] [PMID: 27930976]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08322] [PMID: 34805569]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03653] [PMID: 32258492]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00631]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109506]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tare.v21i1-2.5463]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/fst.00420]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages4030059]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00451-y]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/fns.2021.125032]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/355/1/012045]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02018-3] [PMID: 32803346]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-1104-x] [PMID: 25694681]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14825] [PMID: 31599973]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000299]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-0020(88)90014-7]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JMA2014.0353]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.236] [PMID: 26405529]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1506.06002]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23791]