Generic placeholder image

Current Nanomaterials

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2405-4615
ISSN (Online): 2405-4623

Research Article

Formulation and Evaluation of Invasomal and Ethosomal Gel for Curcumin and Determination of Anti- Fungal Activity

Author(s): Abbaraju Krishna Sailaja* and Thoudaboina Meghana

Volume 9, Issue 1, 2024

Published on: 19 April, 2023

Page: [55 - 69] Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/2405461508666230329122937

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Despite exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and anti-cancer properties, curcumin is not exhibiting the same efficacy as that other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and anti-cancer drugs. The main reason is its poor solubility and poor permeability. To improve the solubility the particle size has to be reduced to the nano level and to improve the permeability vesicular drug delivery approaches have to be adapted. By developing invasomal and ethosomal gels the bioavailability of curcumin can be enhanced.

Aim and Objective: The main aim of the study is to develop Invasomal and Ethosomal drug delivery systems for curcumin by various techniques.

Methods: Curcumin loaded invasomes were prepared by using a thin film hydration method. Six formulations were prepared by varying drug to lipid ratios (INV1 to INV6). Soya lecithin was used as a phospholipid, span60 was used as a surfactant, limonene was used as terpene, ethanol and chloroform were used as solvents. Curcumin-loaded ethosomes were prepared by using a hot method. Five formulations were prepared by increasing lipid concentration (E1 to E5). Soya lecithin as lipid, propylene glycol, and ethanol as solvent. The prepared formulations were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug content, entrapment efficiency. and in vitro drug release studies.

Results: Among all the formulations of Invasomes, INV3 formulation containing a 1:5 ratio of the drug (40 mg) to lipid (200 mg) was considered as best formulation because of its particle size of 327. A total of 1nm, zeta potential of -32.6 mV, highest drug content of 97.5%, entrapment efficiency of 96%, and in vitro drug release of 95% in a time period of 12 hrs. Among all the formulations of ethosomes, the E3 formulation was considered as best formulation due to its particle size of 697.5 nm, zeta potential of - 28.0 Mv, highest drug content of 97.3%, entrapment efficiency of 90%, and in vitro drug release of 94.6% in a time period of 12 hrs.

Conclusion: The best invasomal and ethosomal formulations were incorporated into gel and evaluated for pH, viscosity, Spreadability, drug content, in vitro drug release studies, and ex vivo studies. INV3 and E3 were incorporated into gel and comparative studies were made with plain gel. Among the three gels (PG, INV3G, E3G), invasomal gel (INV3) exhibited the highest content drug content of 81%, pH of 6.6, spreadability 14.8g cm/sec, in vitro drug release of 90.6%, ,and ex vivo drug release of 97% in a time period of 12 hrs with the release rate of 32.53 microgram/cm2/hr-1/2, the flux of 0.346 μg/cm2/hr and permeation coefficient of 42.71 cm/hr.

[1]
Sammeta SM, Repka MA, Narasimha Murthy S. Magnetophoresis in combination with chemical enhancers for transdermal drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37(9): 1076-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2011.559659] [PMID: 21449699]
[2]
Patel M, Joshi A, Hassanzadeth H, Juluru R, Stagni G. Quantification of dermal and transdermal delivery of meloxicam gels in rabbits. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37(5): 613-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2010.534098] [PMID: 21469950]
[3]
Din Fakhar ud, Zeb A. Effective use of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for the treatment of selected tumors. International journal of nanomedicine 2017; 12: 7291-309.
[4]
Yang Z, Teng Y, Wang H, Hou H. Enhancement of skin permeation of bufalin by limonene via reservoir type transdermal patch: Formu-lation design and biopharmaceutical evaluation. Int J Pharm 2013; 447(1-2): 231-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.048] [PMID: 23467076]
[5]
Ahad A, Aqil M, Ali A. Investigation of antihypertensive activity of carbopol valsartan transdermal gel containing 1,8-cineole. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 64: 144-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.11.018] [PMID: 24296403]
[6]
Zhou W, He S, Yang Y, Jian D, Chen X, Ding J. Formulation, characterization and clinical evaluation of propranolol hydrochloride gel for transdermal treatment of superficial infantile hemangioma. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 41(7): 1109-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2014.931968] [PMID: 25151873]
[7]
Ainbinder D, Touitou E. Testosterone ethosomes for enhanced transdermal delivery. Drug Deliv 2005; 12(5): 297-303.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10717540500176910] [PMID: 16188729]
[8]
Paolino D, Lucania G, Mardente D, Alhaique F, Fresta M. Ethosomes for skin delivery of ammonium glycyrrhizinate: In vitro percutane-ous permeation through human skin and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity on human volunteers. J Control Release 2005; 106(1-2): 99-110.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.04.007] [PMID: 15935505]
[9]
Touitou E, Dayan N, Bergelson L, Godin B, Eliaz M. Ethosomes-novel vesicular carriers for enhanced delivery: Characterization and skin penetration properties. J Control Release 2000; 65(3): 403-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(99)00222-9] [PMID: 10699298]
[10]
Dragicevic-Curic N, Scheglmann D, Albrecht V, Fahr A. Temoporfin-loaded invasomes: Development, characterization and in vitro skin penetration studies. J Control Release 2008; 127(1): 59-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.12.013] [PMID: 18281119]
[11]
Barel AO, Paye M, Maibach HI. Handbook of cosmetic science and technology. CRC press 2009; p. 802.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15273]
[12]
Dragicevic-Curic N, Scheglmann D, Albrecht V, Fahr A. Development of different temoporfin-loaded invasomes-novel nanocarriers of temoporfin: Characterization, stability and in vitro skin penetration studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 70(2): 198-206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.12.030] [PMID: 19188048]
[13]
Shah SM, Ashtikar M, Jain AS, et al. LeciPlex, invasomes, and liposomes: A skin penetration study. Int J Pharm 2015; 490(1-2): 391-403.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.042] [PMID: 26002568]
[14]
Sapra B, Jain S, Tiwary AK. Percutaneous permeation enhancement by terpenes: Mechanistic view. AAPS J 2008; 10(1): 120-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12248-008-9012-0] [PMID: 18446512]
[15]
Lakshmi PK, Kalpana B, Prasanthi D. Invasomes-novel vesicular carriers for enhanced skin permeation. Syst Rev Pharmacy 2014; 4(1): 26-30.
[16]
Rizvi SAA, Saleh AM. Applications of nanoparticle systems in drug delivery technology. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26(1): 64-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2017.10.012] [PMID: 29379334]
[17]
Williams AC, Barry BW. Penetration enhancers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004; 56(5): 603-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.025] [PMID: 15019749]
[18]
Lahora D. Terpenes: Natural skin penetration enhancers in transdermal drug delivery system. Int J Pharma Res Dev 2011; 2: 39-45.
[19]
Pfister WR, Hsieh DS, Hsieh S. Permeation enhancers compatible with transdermal drug delivery systems. Part I: selection and formula-tion considerations. Med Device Technol 1990; 1(5): 48-55.
[PMID: 10171148]
[20]
Obata Y, Takayama K, Machida Y, Nagai T. Combined effect of cyclic monoterpenes and ethanol on percutaneous absorption of diclo-fenac sodium. Drug Des Discov 1991; 8(2): 137-44.
[PMID: 1793775]
[21]
Dayan N, Touitou E. Carriers for skin delivery of trihexyphenidyl HCl: ethosomes vs. liposomes. Biomaterials 2000; 21(18): 1879-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00063-6] [PMID: 10919691]
[22]
Verma P, Pathak K. Nanosized ethanolic vesicles loaded with econazole nitrate for the treatment of deep fungal infections through topical gel formulation. Nanomedicine 2012; 8(4): 489-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2011.07.004] [PMID: 21839053]
[23]
Valenta C, Janisch M. Permeation of cyproterone acetate through pig skin from different vehicles with phospholipids. Int J Pharm 2003; 258(1-2): 133-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(03)00180-7] [PMID: 12753760]
[24]
Kumar L, Verma S, Singh K, Prasad DN, Jain AK. Ethanol based vesicular carriers in transdermal drug delivery: Nanoethosomes and transethosomes in focus. NanoWorld J 2016; 2(3): 41-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2016-030]
[25]
Barel AO, Paye M, Maibach HI. Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. (4th ed.), Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16716]
[26]
Cornwell PA, Barry BW, Bouwstra JA, Gooris GS. Modes of action of terpene penetration enhancers in human skin; Differential scan-ning calorimetry, small-angle X-ray diffraction and enhancer uptake studies. Int J Pharm 1996; 127(1): 9-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(95)04108-7]
[27]
Kamran M, Ahad A, Aqil M, Imam SS, Sultana Y, Ali A. Design, formulation and optimization of novel soft nano-carriers for transder-mal olmesartan medoxomil delivery: In vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic assessment. Int J Pharm 2016; 505(1-2): 147-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.030] [PMID: 27005906]
[28]
Cui Y, Li L, Zhang L, et al. Enhancement and mechanism of transdermal absorption of terpene-induced propranolol hydrochloride. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34(9): 1477-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-011-0909-2] [PMID: 21975809]
[29]
Prasanthi D, Lakshmi PK. Iontophoretic transdermal delivery of finasteride in vesicular invasomal carriers. Pharm Nanotechnol 2013; 1: 136-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211738511301020009]
[30]
Badran M, Shazly G, El-Badry M. Effect of terpene liposomes on the transdermal delivery of hydrophobic model drug, nimesulide: Characterization, stability and in vitro skin permeation. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 6(43): 3018-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJPP12.552]
[31]
Lakshmi P, Mounica V, Manoj KY, Prasanthi D. Preparation and evaluation of curcumin invasomes. Int J Drug Deliv 2014; 6: 113-20.
[32]
Bibisara. Formulaton and evaluation of curcumin loaded ethosomes by hot and cold method. PhD Thesis, Osmania University, October 2019.
[33]
Inayat Bashir Pathan et al Curcumin loaded ethosomes for transdermal application: Formulation, optimization, in-vitro and in-vivo study. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 2018; 44: 49-57.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version304msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[03:59:56] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[03:59:56] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • warninglog[03:59:56] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[03:59:56] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[03:59:56] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (116ms)time
  • Application (188ms)time
  • 1 x Application (61.69%)
    188ms
    1 x Booting (38.31%)
    116ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated91.87ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316227257','',1,1740455996,1740455996) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740455996
      1.02msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316227257','/article/130456',1,1740455996,1740455996)
      150μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316227257 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316227257) limit 1
      11.21msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 316227257
      • 1: 316227257
      • 2: 316227257
      • 3: 316227257
      • 4: 316227257
      • 5: 316227257
      • 6: 316227257
      • 7: 316227257
      • 8: 316227257
      • 9: 316227257
      • 10: 316227257
      • 11: 316227257
      • 12: 316227257
      • 13: 316227257
      • 14: 316227257
      • 15: 316227257
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=130456
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 160 limit 1
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 160
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=160) and sj.journal_id!=160 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      560μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=160) and sj.journal_id!=160 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      460μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=160) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.39msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=160) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.21msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '130456'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 130456
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '130456'
      2.21msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 130456
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '130456' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      2.57msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 130456
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      460μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 160 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      24.18msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 160 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      3.41msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 160 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      1.81msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 130456 limit 1
      170μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 130456
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 130456 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 215129 limit 1
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 215129
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CNM' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CNM
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '130456' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '12892' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '3489' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316227257 and j.to_ip >=316227257 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740455996 and j.to_date >= 1740455996 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3489) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316227257 and j.to_ip >=316227257 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740455996 and j.to_date >= 1740455996 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3489) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316227257 and j.to_ip >=316227257 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740455996 and j.to_date >= 1740455996 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3489)
      30.33msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316227257 and j.to_ip >=316227257 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740455996 and j.to_date >= 1740455996 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 12892) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316227257 and j.to_ip >=316227257 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740455996 and j.to_date >= 1740455996 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 12892) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316227257 and j.to_ip >=316227257 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740455996 and j.to_date >= 1740455996 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 12892)
      800μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316227257 and j.to_ip >=316227257 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740455996 and j.to_date >= 1740455996 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 130456) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316227257 and j.to_ip >=316227257 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740455996 and j.to_date >= 1740455996 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 130456) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316227257 and j.to_ip >=316227257 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740455996 and j.to_date >= 1740455996 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 130456)
      560μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '55' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 12892 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      430μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 55
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '69' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 12892 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      400μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 69
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 130456 limit 1
      2.34msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 130456
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 160 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740455996 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740455996 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.21msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 160
      • 3: 1740455996
      • 4: 1740455996
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 160 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740455996 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740455996 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.16msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 160
      • 3: 1740455996
      • 4: 1740455996
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='2c47aa3975a6d1d2443d906ce84f6873'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        1K8B4JM4WjmNEkSm0pEF6BQiCStKy2ifNmsMCx9S
        uc_cart_id
        2c47aa3975a6d1d2443d906ce84f6873
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/130456" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/130456
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImErMTdLc0hxYkxtTjlvUWloN09TdHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoielBBdDBXRURkZy9MUXROeWxDLzgzTk4xQWlNODd4SDdXbHprdHpzN1BSMD0iLCJtYWMiOiJiNGI3OGM4YTAyNDA1ODY0NzNjY2ZiNjA0NjBkNjc5NWVjYjM3MTVlMjY2MDIxY2JjYWNkZGU2MTcyMmZkZjcxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImErMTdLc0hxYkxtTjlvUWloN09TdHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoielBBdDBXRURkZy9MUXROeWxDLzgzTk4xQWlNODd4SDdXbHprdHpzN1BSMD0iLCJtYWMiOiJiNGI3OGM4YTAyNDA1" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 03:59:56 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImNyNGpZYS9MTlVZUFd6TWIrczhkUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRGU2eFRrclF1WWNwajFWbHMyQ1BIckdhYjh0a1E2RU9iRHQ2bGFJdDZMYmtYdzlycm9HVWVzUnNCbHk0cUk1RkloaTN5dzRPR3lwbEFCOHI5N2x0eHgzWlFLYkhuVHUzdHVaWis2c0I4eXU4L3BUSDBRMWJReGZlMDRqcy95VTQiLCJtYWMiOiIwYjc5Yjg4NDZiYjRlODgxMzAwNDJkMTQ3MGRhMWJmOGE3OWQxNzMwZjFlZTFhZDA2YWViYmQyNWY5NmNlNTkwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 15:59:56 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImNyNGpZYS9MTlVZUFd6TWIrczhkUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRGU2eFRrclF1WWNwajFWbHMyQ1BIckdhYjh0a1E2RU9iRHQ2bGFJdDZMYmtYdzlycm9HVWVzUnNCbHk0cUk1RkloaTN5d" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im5wRUdFL3dTR0E2ejg4MjBqbWlsWHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiblNJdXo3ZWFVZkd3bUtZbyttVGtRVkVVVkpERlZ4MS9UanZkTXBqcUlHM2RzaHJZS2FybTI4ZFhDSWZweVRpckNuZ1pDUHBrSUtpb0FnSk95OTJwNEpjZ0l1OUp0T21TZ2xCcXZIYjBPRWx6SlVTUlpUNDJkRXd3eFRIazIrNVkiLCJtYWMiOiJmN2FiNjFhOGRhM2M3NzU1MTRmYzQ2YzVjY2NiMjAwMTBlMDZiMWE2MzNjYjdhZTU4OGIwMWQyN2FjZWUzOTY5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im5wRUdFL3dTR0E2ejg4MjBqbWlsWHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiblNJdXo3ZWFVZkd3bUtZbyttVGtRVkVVVkpERlZ4MS9UanZkTXBqcUlHM2RzaHJZS2FybTI4ZFh" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImNyNGpZYS9MTlVZUFd6TWIrczhkUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRGU2eFRrclF1WWNwajFWbHMyQ1BIckdhYjh0a1E2RU9iRHQ2bGFJdDZMYmtYdzlycm9HVWVzUnNCbHk0cUk1RkloaTN5dzRPR3lwbEFCOHI5N2x0eHgzWlFLYkhuVHUzdHVaWis2c0I4eXU4L3BUSDBRMWJReGZlMDRqcy95VTQiLCJtYWMiOiIwYjc5Yjg4NDZiYjRlODgxMzAwNDJkMTQ3MGRhMWJmOGE3OWQxNzMwZjFlZTFhZDA2YWViYmQyNWY5NmNlNTkwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 15:59:56 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImNyNGpZYS9MTlVZUFd6TWIrczhkUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRGU2eFRrclF1WWNwajFWbHMyQ1BIckdhYjh0a1E2RU9iRHQ2bGFJdDZMYmtYdzlycm9HVWVzUnNCbHk0cUk1RkloaTN5d" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im5wRUdFL3dTR0E2ejg4MjBqbWlsWHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiblNJdXo3ZWFVZkd3bUtZbyttVGtRVkVVVkpERlZ4MS9UanZkTXBqcUlHM2RzaHJZS2FybTI4ZFhDSWZweVRpckNuZ1pDUHBrSUtpb0FnSk95OTJwNEpjZ0l1OUp0T21TZ2xCcXZIYjBPRWx6SlVTUlpUNDJkRXd3eFRIazIrNVkiLCJtYWMiOiJmN2FiNjFhOGRhM2M3NzU1MTRmYzQ2YzVjY2NiMjAwMTBlMDZiMWE2MzNjYjdhZTU4OGIwMWQyN2FjZWUzOTY5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im5wRUdFL3dTR0E2ejg4MjBqbWlsWHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiblNJdXo3ZWFVZkd3bUtZbyttVGtRVkVVVkpERlZ4MS9UanZkTXBqcUlHM2RzaHJZS2FybTI4ZFh" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "1K8B4JM4WjmNEkSm0pEF6BQiCStKy2ifNmsMCx9S" "uc_cart_id" => "2c47aa3975a6d1d2443d906ce84f6873" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/130456" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 03:59:56GET/article/130456514361