Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Neuropharmacology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-159X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6190

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Pharmacological Strategies for Bipolar Disorders in Acute Phases and Chronic Management with a Special Focus on Lithium, Valproic Acid, and Atypical Antipsychotics

Author(s): Marco Carli, Francesco Weiss, Giovanna Grenno, Sergio Ponzini, Shivakumar Kolachalam, Francesca Vaglini, Cristina Viaggi, Carla Pardini, Simone Tidona, Biancamaria Longoni, Roberto Maggio and Marco Scarselli*

Volume 21, Issue 4, 2023

Published on: 24 February, 2023

Page: [935 - 950] Pages: 16

DOI: 10.2174/1570159X21666230224102318

Price: $65

Abstract

Bipolar disorders (BDs) are a heterogeneous group of severe affective disorders generally described by the alternation of (hypo)manic, depressive, and mixed phases, with euthymic intervals of variable duration. BDs are burdened with high psychiatric and physical comorbidity, increased suicide risk and reduced life expectancy. In addition, BDs can progress into complicated forms (e.g., mixed states, rapid/irregular cycling), which are more difficult to treat and often require personalized pharmacological combinations. Mood stabilizers, particularly Lithium and Valproic acid (VPA), still represent the cornerstones of both acute and chronic pharmacotherapies of BDs. Lithium is the gold standard in BD-I and BDII with typical features, while VPA seems more effective for atypical forms (e.g., mixed-prevalence and rapid-cycling). However, despite appropriate mood stabilization, many patients show residual symptoms, and more than a half recur within 1-2 years, highlighting the need of additional strategies. Among these, the association of atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) with mood stabilizers is recurrent in the treatment of acute phases, but it is also being growingly explored in the maintenance pharmacotherapy. These combinations are clinically more aggressive and often needed in the acute phases, whereas simplifying pharmacotherapies to mood stabilizers only is preferable in the long-term, whenever possible. When mood stabilizers are not enough for maintenance treatment, Quetiapine and, less consistently, Aripiprazole have been proposed as the most advisable adjunctive strategies, for their safety and tolerability profiles. However, in view of the increased risk of serious adverse effects, a careful patient-centered balance between costs and benefits is mandatory.

« Previous Next »
[1]
Vieta, E.; Berk, M.; Schulze, T.G.; Carvalho, A.F.; Suppes, T.; Calabrese, J.R. Bipolar disorders; Nat; Rev. Dis. Prim, 2018, p. 4.
[2]
Maletic, V.; Raison, C. Integrated neurobiology of bipolar disorder. Front. Psychiatry, 2014, 5, 98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00098] [PMID: 25202283]
[3]
Gignac, A.; McGirr, A.; Lam, R.W.; Yatham, L.N. Recovery and recurrence following a first episode of mania: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospectively characterized cohorts. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2015, 76(9), 1241-1248.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14r09245] [PMID: 25845021]
[4]
Carlson, G.A.; Kotov, R.; Chang, S.W.; Ruggero, C.; Bromet, E.J. Early determinants of four-year clinical outcomes in bipolar disorder with psychosis. Bipolar Disord., 2012, 14(1), 19-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.00982.x] [PMID: 22329469]
[5]
Perlis, R.H.; Ostacher, M.J.; Patel, J.K.; Marangell, L.B.; Zhang, H.; Wisniewski, S.R.; Ketter, T.A.; Miklowitz, D.J.; Otto, M.W.; Gyulai, L.; Reilly-Harrington, N.A.; Nierenberg, A.A.; Sachs, G.S.; Thase, M.E. Predictors of recurrence in bipolar disorder: primary outcomes from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD). Am. J. Psychiatry, 2006, 163(2), 217-224.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.163.2.217] [PMID: 16449474]
[6]
Vázquez, G.H.; Holtzman, J.N.; Lolich, M.; Ketter, T.A.; Baldessarini, R.J. Recurrence rates in bipolar disorder: Systematic comparison of long-term prospective, naturalistic studies versus randomized controlled trials. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2015, 25(10), 1501-1512.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.07.013] [PMID: 26238969]
[7]
Kessing, L.V.; Hansen, M.G.; Andersen, P.K.; Angst, J. The predictive effect of episodes on the risk of recurrence in depressive and bipolar disorders - a life-long perspective. Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 2004, 109(5), 339-344.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-0447.2003.00266.x] [PMID: 15049770]
[8]
Vieta, E.; Reinares, M.; Rosa, A.R. Staging bipolar disorder. Neurotox. Res., 2011, 19(2), 279-285.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12640-010-9197-8] [PMID: 20461491]
[9]
McIntyre, R.S.; Konarski, J.Z.; Yatham, L.N. Comorbidity in bipolar disorder: a framework for rational treatment selection. Hum. Psychopharmacol., 2004, 19(6), 369-386.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hup.612] [PMID: 15303241]
[10]
Perugi, G.; Barbuti, M. There are no patients without comorbidity. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2021, 50, 104-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.05.002] [PMID: 34077858]
[11]
Merikangas, K.R.; Akiskal, H.S.; Angst, J.; Greenberg, P.E.; Hirschfeld, R.M.A.; Petukhova, M.; Kessler, R.C. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2007, 64(5), 543-552.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.543] [PMID: 17485606]
[12]
Weiss, F.; Scarselli, M.; Tidona, S.; Carli, M.; Perugi, G. Triple diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with co-existing bipolar and alcohol use disorders: Clinical aspects and pharmacological treatments. Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2023, 21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X20666220830154002] [PMID: 36306451]
[13]
Swann, A.C.; Bowden, C.L.; Morris, D.; Calabrese, J.R.; Petty, F.; Small, J.; Dilsaver, S.C.; Davis, J.M. Depression during mania. Treatment response to lithium or divalproex. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 1997, 54(1), 37-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830130041008] [PMID: 9006398]
[14]
Maj, M.; Pirozzi, R.; Starace, F. Previous pattern of course of the illness as a predictor of response to lithium prophylaxis in bipolar patients. J. Affect. Disord., 1989, 17(3), 237-241.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(89)90005-0] [PMID: 2529291]
[15]
Cole, A.J.; Scott, J.; Ferrier, I.N.; Eccleston, D. Patterns of treatment resistance in bipolar affective disorder. Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 1993, 88(2), 121-123.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03424.x] [PMID: 8213204]
[16]
Yatham, L.N.; Kennedy, S.H.; Parikh, S.V.; Schaffer, A.; Bond, D.J.; Frey, B.N.; Sharma, V.; Goldstein, B.I.; Rej, S.; Beaulieu, S.; Alda, M.; MacQueen, G.; Milev, R.V.; Ravindran, A.; O’Donovan, C.; McIntosh, D.; Lam, R.W.; Vazquez, G.; Kapczinski, F.; McIntyre, R.S.; Kozicky, J.; Kanba, S.; Lafer, B.; Suppes, T.; Calabrese, J.R.; Vieta, E.; Malhi, G.; Post, R.M.; Berk, M. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord., 2018, 20(2), 97-170.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12609] [PMID: 29536616]
[17]
Sani, G.; Perugi, G.; Tondo, L. Treatment of bipolar disorder in a lifetime perspective: Is lithium still the best choice? Clin. Drug Investig., 2017, 37(8), 713-727.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40261-017-0531-2] [PMID: 28477315]
[18]
Malhi, G.S.; Outhred, T. Therapeutic mechanisms of lithium in bipolar disorder: recent advances and current understanding. CNS Drugs, 2016, 30(10), 931-949.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40263-016-0380-1] [PMID: 27638546]
[19]
Miura, T.; Noma, H.; Furukawa, T.A.; Mitsuyasu, H.; Tanaka, S.; Stockton, S.; Salanti, G.; Motomura, K.; Shimano-Katsuki, S.; Leucht, S.; Cipriani, A.; Geddes, J.R.; Kanba, S. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry, 2014, 1(5), 351-359.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70314-1] [PMID: 26360999]
[20]
Bowden, C.L. Clinical correlates of therapeutic response in bipolar disorder. J. Affect. Disord., 2001, 67(1-3), 257-265.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(98)00160-8] [PMID: 11869775]
[21]
Grof, P.; Duffy, A.; Cavazzoni, P.; Grof, E.; Garnham, J.; MacDougall, M.; O’Donovan, C.; Alda, M. Is response to prophylactic lithium a familial trait? J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2002, 63(10), 942-947.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v63n1013] [PMID: 12416605]
[22]
Sakurai, H.; Kato, M.; Yasui-Furukori, N.; Suzuki, T.; Baba, H.; Watanabe, K.; Inada, K.; Kishida, I.; Sugawara, K.Y.; Kikuchi, T.; Katsuki, A.; Uchida, H. Pharmacological management of bipolar disorder: Japanese expert consensus. Bipolar Disord., 2020, 22(8), 822-830.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12959] [PMID: 32558145]
[23]
Bowden, C.L.; Grunze, H.; Mullen, J.; Brecher, M.; Paulsson, B.; Jones, M.; Vågerö, M.; Svensson, K. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study of quetiapine or lithium as monotherapy for mania in bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2005, 66(1), 111-121.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v66n0116] [PMID: 15669897]
[24]
Goodwin, G.M.; Haddad, P.M.; Ferrier, I.N.; Aronson, J.K.; Barnes, T.R.H.; Cipriani, A.; Coghill, D.R.; Fazel, S.; Geddes, J.R.; Grunze, H.; Holmes, E.A.; Howes, O.; Hudson, S.; Hunt, N.; Jones, I.; Macmillan, I.C.; McAllister-Williams, H.; Miklowitz, D.R.; Morriss, R.; Munafò, M.; Paton, C.; Sahakian, B.J.; Saunders, K.E.A.; Sinclair, J.M.A.; Taylor, D.; Vieta, E.; Young, A.H. Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: Revised third edition recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J. Psychopharmacol., 2016, 30(6), 495-553.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881116636545] [PMID: 26979387]
[25]
Calabrese, J.R.; Vieta, E.; Shelton, M.D. Latest maintenance data on lamotrigine in bipolar disorder. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2003, 13(Suppl. 2), 57-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-977X(03)00079-8] [PMID: 12957721]
[26]
Weisler, R.H.; Nolen, W.A.; Neijber, A.; Hellqvist, Å.; Paulsson, B. Continuation of quetiapine versus switching to placebo or lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder (Trial 144: A randomized controlled study). J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2011, 72(11), 1452-1464.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.11m06878] [PMID: 22054050]
[27]
Verdolini, N.; Hidalgo-Mazzei, D.; Del Matto, L.; Muscas, M.; Pacchiarotti, I.; Murru, A.; Samalin, L.; Aedo, A.; Tohen, M.; Grunze, H.; Young, A.H.; Carvalho, A.F.; Vieta, E. Long‐term treatment of bipolar disorder type I: A systematic and critical review of clinical guidelines with derived practice algorithms. Bipolar Disord., 2021, 23(4), 324-340.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.13040] [PMID: 33354842]
[28]
Kessing, L.V.; Bauer, M.; Nolen, W.A.; Severus, E.; Goodwin, G.M.; Geddes, J. Effectiveness of maintenance therapy of lithium vs other mood stabilizers in monotherapy and in combinations: A systematic review of evidence from observational studies. Bipolar Disord., 2018, 20(5), 419-431.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12623] [PMID: 29441712]
[29]
Geddes, J.R.; Goodwin, G.M.; Rendell, J.; Azorin, J-M.; Cipriani, A.; Ostacher, M.J.; Morriss, R.; Alder, N.; Juszczak, E. Lithium plus valproate combination therapy versus monotherapy for relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder (balance): A randomised open-label trial. Lancet, 2010, 375(9712), 385-395.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61828-6] [PMID: 20092882]
[30]
Nierenberg, A.A.; McElroy, S.L.; Friedman, E.S.; Ketter, T.A.; Shelton, R.C.; Deckersbach, T.; McInnis, M.G.; Bowden, C.L.; Tohen, M.; Kocsis, J.H.; Calabrese, J.R.; Kinrys, G.; Bobo, W.V.; Singh, V.; Kamali, M.; Kemp, D.; Brody, B.; Reilly-Harrington, N.A.; Sylvia, L.G.; Shesler, L.W.; Bernstein, E.E.; Schoenfeld, D.; Rabideau, D.J.; Leon, A.C.; Faraone, S.; Thase, M.E. Bipolar CHOICE (Clinical Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness): a pragmatic 6-month trial of lithium versus quetiapine for bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2016, 77(1), 90-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14m09349] [PMID: 26845264]
[31]
Fieve, R.R.; Kumbaraci, T.; Dunner, D.L. Lithium prophylaxis of depression in bipolar I, bipolar II, and unipolar patients. Am. J. Psychiatry, 1976, 133(8), 925-929.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.133.8.925] [PMID: 782261]
[32]
Amsterdam, J.D.; Lorenzo-Luaces, L.; Soeller, I.; Li, S.Q.; Mao, J.J.; DeRubeis, R.J. Short-term venlafaxine v. lithium monotherapy for bipolar type II major depressive episodes: Effectiveness and mood conversion rate. Br. J. Psychiatry, 2016, 208(4), 359-365.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.169375] [PMID: 26892848]
[33]
Young, A.H.; McElroy, S.L.; Bauer, M.; Philips, N.; Chang, W.; Olausson, B.; Paulsson, B.; Brecher, M. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of quetiapine and lithium monotherapy in adults in the acute phase of bipolar depression (Embolden I). J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2010, 71(2), 150-162.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.08m04995gre] [PMID: 20122369]
[34]
Zhihan, G.; Fengli, S.; Wangqiang, L.; Dong, S.; Weidong, J. Lamotrigine and lithium combination for treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder: Results from meta-analysis. Front. Psychiatry, 2022, 13, 913051.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.913051] [PMID: 35911238]
[35]
Hsu, C.W.; Tsai, S.Y.; Tseng, P.T.; Liang, C.S.; Vieta, E.; Carvalho, A.F.; Stubbs, B.; Kao, H.Y.; Tu, Y.K.; Lin, P.Y. Differences in the prophylactic effect of serum lithium levels on depression and mania in bipolar disorder: A dose-response meta-analysis. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2022, 58, 20-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.01.112] [PMID: 35158229]
[36]
Nelson, J.C.; Baumann, P.; Delucchi, K.; Joffe, R.; Katona, C. A systematic review and meta-analysis of lithium augmentation of tricyclic and second generation antidepressants in major depression. J. Affect. Disord., 2014, 168, 269-275.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.053] [PMID: 25069082]
[37]
Smith, K.A.; Cipriani, A. Lithium and suicide in mood disorders: Updated meta-review of the scientific literature. Bipolar Disord., 2017, 19(7), 575-586.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12543] [PMID: 28895269]
[38]
Cipriani, A.; Hawton, K.; Stockton, S.; Geddes, J.R. Lithium in the prevention of suicide in mood disorders: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 2013, 346(jun27 4), f3646.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f3646] [PMID: 23814104]
[39]
Fries, G.R.; Pfaffenseller, B.; Stertz, L.; Paz, A.V.C.; Dargél, A.A.; Kunz, M.; Kapczinski, F. Staging and neuroprogression in bipolar disorder. Curr. Psychiatry Rep., 2012, 14(6), 667-675.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11920-012-0319-2] [PMID: 23090632]
[40]
Elefante, C.; Brancati, G.E.; Torrigiani, S.; Amadori, S.; Ricciardulli, S.; Pistolesi, G.; Lattanzi, L.; Perugi, G. Bipolar disorder and manic-like symptoms in Alzheimer’s, vascular and frontotemporal dementia: A systematic review. Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2023, 21. [E-pub ahead of print]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X20666220706110157] [PMID: 35794767]
[41]
Carli, M.; Aringhieri, S.; Kolachalam, S.; Longoni, B.; Grenno, G.; Rossi, M.; Gemignani, A.; Fornai, F.; Maggio, R.; Scarselli, M. Is adult hippocampal neurogenesis really relevant for the treatment of psychiatric disorders? Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2021, 19(10), 1640-1660.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X18666200818194948] [PMID: 32811415]
[42]
Steinberg, G.R.; Kemp, B.E. AMPK in health and disease. Physiol. Rev., 2009, 89(3), 1025-1078.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00011.2008] [PMID: 19584320]
[43]
Salloum, I.M.; Cornelius, J.R.; Daley, D.C.; Kirisci, L.; Himmelhoch, J.M.; Thase, M.E. Efficacy of valproate maintenance in patients with bipolar disorder and alcoholism: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2005, 62(1), 37-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.1.37] [PMID: 15630071]
[44]
Geller, B.; Cooper, T.B.; Sun, K.; Zimerman, B.; Frazier, J.; Williams, M.; Heath, J. Double-blind and placebo-controlled study of lithium for adolescent bipolar disorders with secondary substance dependency. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1998, 37(2), 171-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199802000-00009] [PMID: 9473913]
[45]
Kemp, D.E.; Gao, K.; Ganocy, S.J.; Elhaj, O.; Bilali, S.R.; Conroy, C.; Findling, R.L.; Calabrese, J.R. A 6-month, double-blind, maintenance trial of lithium monotherapy versus the combination of lithium and divalproex for rapid-cycling bipolar disorder and Co-occurring substance abuse or dependence. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2009, 70(1), 113-121.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.07m04022] [PMID: 19192457]
[46]
Albanese, M.J.; Clodfelter, R.C., Jr; Khantzian, E.J. Divalproex sodium in substance abusers with mood disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2000, 61(12), 916-921.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v61n1205] [PMID: 11206596]
[47]
McMillan, T.M. Lithium and the treatment of alcoholism: A critical review. Addiction, 1981, 76(3), 245-258.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00231.x] [PMID: 6791674]
[48]
Fawcett, J.; Clark, D.C.; Aagesen, C.A.; Pisani, V.D.; Tilkin, J.M.; Sellers, D.; McGuire, M.; Gibbons, R.D. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lithium carbonate therapy for alcoholism. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 1987, 44(3), 248-256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800150060008] [PMID: 3103580]
[49]
Clark, D.C.; Fawcett, J. Does lithium carbonate therapy for alcoholism deter relapse drinking? Recent Dev. Alcohol., 1989, 7, 315-328.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1678-5_16] [PMID: 2494686]
[50]
Gadh, S. Low-dose lithium impact in an addiction treatment setting. Pers. Med. Psychiatry, 2020, 21-22, 100059.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmip.2020.100059]
[51]
Bocchetta, A.; Ardau, R.; Fanni, T.; Sardu, C.; Piras, D.; Pani, A.; Del Zompo, M. Renal function during long-term lithium treatment: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. BMC Med., 2015, 13(1), 12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-014-0249-4] [PMID: 25604586]
[52]
Carli, M.; Risaliti, E.; Francomano, M.; Kolachalam, S.; Longoni, B.; Bocci, G.; Maggio, R.; Scarselli, M. A 5-year study of lithium and valproic acid drug monitoring in patients with bipolar disorders in an Italian clinical center. Pharmaceuticals, 2022, 15(1), 105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15010105] [PMID: 35056162]
[53]
Baldessarini, R.J.; Tondo, L.; Floris, G.; Rudas, N. Reduced morbidity after gradual discontinuation of lithium treatment for bipolar I and II disorders: a replication study. Am. J. Psychiatry, 1997, 154(4), 551-553.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.4.551] [PMID: 9090345]
[54]
Tondo, L.; Baldessarini, R.J.; Hennen, J.; Floris, G. Lithium maintenance treatment of depression and mania in bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry, 1998, 155(5), 638-645.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.5.638] [PMID: 9585715]
[55]
Cipriani, A.; Reid, K.; Young, A.H.; Macritchie, K.; Geddes, J. Valproic acid, valproate and divalproex in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Cochrane Libr., 2013, 2013(10), CD003196.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003196.pub2] [PMID: 24132760]
[56]
Bowden, C.L.; Calabrese, J.R.; McElroy, S.L.; Gyulai, L.; Wassef, A.; Petty, F.; Pope, H.G., Jr; Chou, J.C.; Keck, P.E., Jr; Rhodes, L.J.; Swann, A.C.; Hirschfeld, R.M.; Wozniak, P.J. A randomized, placebo-controlled 12-month trial of divalproex and lithium in treatment of outpatients with bipolar I disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2000, 57(5), 481-489.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.57.5.481] [PMID: 10807488]
[57]
Tohen, M.; Chengappa, K.N.R.; Suppes, T.; Baker, R.W.; Zarate, C.A.; Bowden, C.L.; Sachs, G.S.; Kupfer, D.J.; Ghaemi, S.N.; Feldman, P.D.; Risser, R.C.; Evans, A.R.; Calabrese, J.R. Relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder: 18-month comparison of olanzapine plus mood stabiliser v. mood stabiliser alone. Br. J. Psychiatry, 2004, 184(4), 337-345.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.4.337] [PMID: 15056579]
[58]
Calabrese, J.R.; Pikalov, A.; Streicher, C.; Cucchiaro, J.; Mao, Y.; Loebel, A. Lurasidone in combination with lithium or valproate for the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2017, 27(9), 865-876.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.06.013] [PMID: 28689688]
[59]
Duffy, A.; Goodday, S.; Passos, I.C.; Kapczinski, F. Changing the bipolar illness trajectory. Lancet Psychiatry, 2017, 4(1), 11-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30352-2] [PMID: 28012467]
[60]
Reischies, F.M.; Hartikainen, J.; Berghöfer, A. Initial lithium and valproate combination therapy in acute mania. Neuropsychobiology, 2002, 46(Suppl. 1), 22-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000068020] [PMID: 12571429]
[61]
Freeman, T.W.; Clothier, J.L.; Pazzaglia, P.; Lesem, M.D.; Swann, A.C. A double-blind comparison of valproate and lithium in the treatment of acute mania. Am. J. Psychiatry, 1992, 149(1), 108-111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.1.108] [PMID: 1728157]
[62]
Smith, L.A.; Cornelius, V.R.; Azorin, J.M.; Perugi, G.; Vieta, E.; Young, A.H.; Bowden, C.L. Valproate for the treatment of acute bipolar depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Affect. Disord., 2010, 122(1-2), 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.10.033] [PMID: 19926140]
[63]
Bond, D.J.; Lam, R.W.; Yatham, L.N. Divalproex sodium versus placebo in the treatment of acute bipolar depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Affect. Disord., 2010, 124(3), 228-234.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.11.008] [PMID: 20044142]
[64]
Yatham, L.N.; Kennedy, S.H.; Parikh, S.V.; Schaffer, A.; Beaulieu, S.; Alda, M.; O’Donovan, C.; MacQueen, G.; McIntyre, R.S.; Sharma, V.; Ravindran, A.; Young, L.T.; Milev, R.; Bond, D.J.; Frey, B.N.; Goldstein, B.I.; Lafer, B.; Birmaher, B.; Ha, K.; Nolen, W.A.; Berk, M. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2013. Bipolar Disord., 2013, 15(1), 1-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12025] [PMID: 23237061]
[65]
Bach, D.R.; Korn, C.W.; Vunder, J.; Bantel, A. Effect of valproate and pregabalin on human anxiety-like behaviour in a randomised controlled trial. Transl. Psychiatry, 2018, 8(1), 157.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0206-7] [PMID: 30115911]
[66]
Van Ameringen, M.; Mancini, C.; Pipe, B.; Bennett, M. Antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of anxiety disorders: role in therapy. Drugs, 2004, 64(19), 2199-2220.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200464190-00004] [PMID: 15456335]
[67]
Aliyev, N.A.; Aliyev, Z.N. Valproate (depakine-chrono) in the acute treatment of outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder without psychiatric comorbidity: Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur. Psychiatry, 2008, 23(2), 109-114.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.08.001] [PMID: 17945470]
[68]
Bowden, C.L. Valproate. Bipolar Disord., 2003, 5(3), 189-202.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-5618.2003.00031.x] [PMID: 12780873]
[69]
Rakofsky, J.J.; Dunlop, B.W. Treating nonspecific anxiety and anxiety disorders in patients with bipolar disorder: a review. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2011, 72(1), 81-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.09r05815gre] [PMID: 21208580]
[70]
Davis, L.L.; Ryan, W.; Adinoff, B.; Petty, F. Comprehensive review of the psychiatric uses of valproate. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2000, 20(Suppl. 1), 1S-17S.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-200002001-00001] [PMID: 10646685]
[71]
Davis, L.L.; Bartolucci, A.; Petty, F. Divalproex in the treatment of bipolar depression: a placebo-controlled study. J. Affect. Disord., 2005, 85(3), 259-266.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2004.09.009] [PMID: 15780695]
[72]
Lee, J.; Baek, J.H.; Lee, D.; Ahn, S.W.; Yang, S.Y.; Choi, Y.; Bahk, Y.C.; Hong, K.S. Defining phenotypes of long-term lithium and valproate response, including combination therapy: a modified application of the Alda scale in patients with bipolar disorders. Int. J. Bipolar Disord., 2020, 8(1), 36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40345-020-00199-w] [PMID: 33215250]
[73]
Perugi, G.; Frare, F.; Toni, C.; Tusini, G.; Vannucchi, G.; Akiskal, H.S. Adjunctive valproate in panic disorder patients with comorbid bipolar disorder or otherwise resistant to standard antidepressants: a 3-year “open” follow-up study. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 2010, 260(7), 553-560.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-010-0109-y] [PMID: 20238120]
[74]
Grunze, H.; Schaefer, M.; Scherk, H.; Born, C.; Preuss, U.W. Comorbid bipolar and alcohol use disorder—A therapeutic challenge. Front. Psychiatry, 2021, 12, 660432.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.660432] [PMID: 33833701]
[75]
Huband, N.; Ferriter, M.; Nathan, R.; Jones, H. Antiepileptics for aggression and associated impulsivity. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2010, 2010(2), CD003499.
[PMID: 20166067]
[76]
Macfarlane, A.; Greenhalgh, T. Sodium valproate in pregnancy: what are the risks and should we use a shared decision-making approach? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2018, 18(1), 200.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1842-x] [PMID: 29859057]
[77]
Freeman, M.P.; Stoll, A.L. Mood stabilizer combinations: A review of safety and efficacy. Am. J. Psychiatry, 1998, 155(1), 12-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.1.12] [PMID: 9433333]
[78]
Granneman, G.R.; Schneck, D.W.; Cavanaugh, J.H.; Witt, G.F. Pharmacokinetic interactions and side effects resulting from concomitant administration of lithium and divalproex sodium. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1996, 57(5), 204-206.
[PMID: 8626351]
[79]
Rapoport, S.I.; Basselin, M.; Kim, H.W.; Rao, J.S. Bipolar disorder and mechanisms of action of mood stabilizers. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev., 2009, 61(2), 185-209.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.06.003] [PMID: 19555719]
[80]
Sharma, V.; Persad, E.; Mazmanian, D.; Karunaratne, K. Treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder with combination therapy of valproate and lithium. Can. J. Psychiatry, 1993, 38(2), 137-139.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800213] [PMID: 8467440]
[81]
Preuss, U.W.; Schaefer, M.; Born, C.; Grunze, H. Bipolar disorder and comorbid use of illicit substances. Medicina, 2021, 57(11), 1256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111256] [PMID: 34833474]
[82]
Muti, M.; Del Grande, C.; Musetti, L.; Marazziti, D.; Pergentini, I.; Corsi, M.; Turri, M.; Umberto Corsini, G.; Dell’Osso, L. Prescribing patterns of lithium or lithium+valproate in manic or mixed episodes. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2013, 28(6), 305-311.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0b013e3283642348] [PMID: 23873290]
[83]
Hong, J.; Reed, C.; Novick, D.; Haro, J.M.; Windmeijer, F.; Knapp, M. The cost of relapse for patients with a manic/mixed episode of bipolar disorder in the EMBLEM study. PharmacoEconomics, 2010, 28(7), 555-566.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11535200-000000000-00000] [PMID: 20405969]
[84]
Bowden, C.L.; Mosolov, S.; Hranov, L.; Chen, E.; Habil, H.; Kongsakon, R.; Manfredi, R.; Lin, H.N. Efficacy of valproate versus lithium in mania or mixed mania: a randomized, open 12-week trial. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2010, 25(2), 60-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0b013e328333ac1b] [PMID: 20101186]
[85]
Vieta, E.; Sanchez-Moreno, J. Acute and long-term treatment of mania. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci., 2008, 10(2), 165-179.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.2/evieta] [PMID: 18689287]
[86]
Aringhieri, S.; Carli, M.; Kolachalam, S.; Verdesca, V.; Cini, E.; Rossi, M.; McCormick, P.J.; Corsini, G.U.; Maggio, R.; Scarselli, M. Molecular targets of atypical antipsychotics: From mechanism of action to clinical differences. Pharmacol. Ther., 2018, 192, 20-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.012] [PMID: 29953902]
[87]
Goldberg, J.F. Complex combination pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder: Knowing when less is more or more is better. Focus Am. Psychiatr. Publ., 2019, 17(3), 218-231.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.20190008] [PMID: 32047367]
[88]
Fountoulakis, K.N.; Yatham, L.N.; Grunze, H.; Vieta, E.; Young, A.H.; Blier, P.; Tohen, M.; Kasper, S.; Moeller, H.J. The CINP guidelines on the definition and evidence-based interventions for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2020, 23(4), 230-256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyz064] [PMID: 31802122]
[89]
Fountoulakis, K.N.; Vieta, E.; Young, A.; Yatham, L.; Grunze, H.; Blier, P.; Moeller, H.J.; Kasper, S. The International college of neuropsychopharmacology (CINP) treatment guidelines for bipolar disorder in adults (CINP-BD-2017), Part 4: Unmet needs in the treatment of bipolar disorder and recommendations for future research. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2017, 20(2), 196-205.
[PMID: 27677983]
[90]
Bjørklund, L.; Horsdal, H.T.; Mors, O.; Østergaard, S.D.; Gasse, C. Trends in the psychopharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder: a nationwide register-based study. Acta Neuropsychiatr., 2016, 28(2), 75-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2015.52] [PMID: 26357986]
[91]
Chang, C.M.; Wu, C.S.; Huang, Y.W.; Chau, Y.L.; Tsai, H.J. Utilization of psychopharmacological treatment among patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder From 2001 to 2010. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2016, 36(1), 32-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000000440] [PMID: 26650974]
[92]
Kessing, L.V.; Vradi, E.; Andersen, P.K. Nationwide and population-based prescription patterns in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord., 2016, 18(2), 174-182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12371] [PMID: 26890465]
[93]
McElroy, S.L.; Keck, P.E., Jr; Tugrul, K.C.; Bennett, J.A. Valproate as a loading treatment in acute mania. Neuropsychobiology, 1993, 27(3), 146-149.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000118970] [PMID: 8232829]
[94]
Suppes, T.; Vieta, E.; Liu, S.; Brecher, M.; Paulsson, B. Maintenance treatment for patients with bipolar I disorder: results from a north american study of quetiapine in combination with lithium or divalproex (trial 127). Am. J. Psychiatry, 2009, 166(4), 476-488.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08020189] [PMID: 19289454]
[95]
Vieta, E.; Suppes, T.; Eggens, I.; Persson, I.; Paulsson, B.; Brecher, M. Efficacy and safety of quetiapine in combination with lithium or divalproex for maintenance of patients with bipolar I disorder (international trial 126). J. Affect. Disord., 2008, 109(3), 251-263.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.001] [PMID: 18579216]
[96]
Bowden, C.L.; Vieta, E.; Ice, K.S.; Schwartz, J.H.; Wang, P.P.; Versavel, M. Ziprasidone plus a mood stabilizer in subjects with bipolar I disorder: a 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2010, 71(2), 130-137.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.09m05482yel] [PMID: 20122373]
[97]
Suppes, T.; Vieta, E.; Gustafsson, U.; Ekholm, B. Maintenance treatment with quetiapine when combined with either lithium or divalproex in bipolar I disorder: analysis of two large randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Depress. Anxiety, 2013, 30(11), 1089-1098.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.22136] [PMID: 23761037]
[98]
Yatham, L.N.; Beaulieu, S.; Schaffer, A.; Kauer-Sant’Anna, M.; Kapczinski, F.; Lafer, B.; Sharma, V.; Parikh, S.V.; Daigneault, A.; Qian, H.; Bond, D.J.; Silverstone, P.H.; Walji, N.; Milev, R.; Baruch, P.; da Cunha, A.; Quevedo, J.; Dias, R.; Kunz, M.; Young, L.T.; Lam, R.W.; Wong, H. Optimal duration of risperidone or olanzapine adjunctive therapy to mood stabilizer following remission of a manic episode: A CANMAT randomized double-blind trial. Mol. Psychiatry, 2016, 21(8), 1050-1056.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.158] [PMID: 26460229]
[99]
Gonzalez-Pinto, A.; Vieta, E.; Reed, C.; Novick, D.; Barraco, A.; Aguado, J.; Haro, J.M. Effectiveness of olanzapine monotherapy and olanzapine combination treatment in the long term following acute mania — Results of a two year observational study in bipolar disorder (EMBLEM). J. Affect. Disord., 2011, 131(1-3), 320-329.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.037] [PMID: 21195486]
[100]
Kulkarni, J.; Filia, S.; Berk, L.; Filia, K.; Dodd, S.; de Castella, A.; Brnabic, A.J.M.; Lowry, A.J.; Kelin, K.; Montgomery, W.; Fitzgerald, P.B.; Berk, M. Treatment and outcomes of an Australian cohort of outpatients with bipolar I or schizoaffective disorder over twenty-four months: implications for clinical practice. BMC Psychiatry, 2012, 12(1), 228.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-228] [PMID: 23244301]
[101]
Wine, J.N.; Sanda, C.; Caballero, J. Effects of quetiapine on sleep in nonpsychiatric and psychiatric conditions. Ann. Pharmacother., 2009, 43(4), 707-713.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1L320] [PMID: 19299326]
[102]
Atkin, T.; Comai, S.; Gobbi, G. Drugs for insomnia beyond benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, clinical applications, and discovery. Pharmacol. Rev., 2018, 70(2), 197-245.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/pr.117.014381] [PMID: 29487083]
[103]
Modesto-Lowe, V.; Harabasz, A.K.; Walker, S.A. Quetiapine for primary insomnia: Consider the risks. Cleve. Clin. J. Med., 2021, 88(5), 286-294.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.88a.20031] [PMID: 33941603]
[104]
Stahl, S.M. Dopamine system stabilizers, aripiprazole, and the next generation of antipsychotics, part 1, “Goldilocks” actions at dopamine receptors. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2001, 62(11), 841-842.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v62n1101] [PMID: 11775041]
[105]
Maruani, J.; Anderson, G.; Etain, B.; Lejoyeux, M.; Bellivier, F.; Geoffroy, P.A. The neurobiology of adaptation to seasons: Relevance and correlations in bipolar disorders. Chronobiol. Int., 2018, 35(10), 1335-1353.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2018.1487975] [PMID: 29939763]
[106]
McGowan, N.M.; Kim, D.S.; de Andres Crespo, M.; Bisdounis, L.; Kyle, S.D.; Saunders, K.E.A. Hypnotic and melatonin/melatonin-receptor agonist treatment in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CNS Drugs, 2022, 36, 345-363.
[107]
Anderson, G.; Maes, M. Melatonin: an overlooked factor in schizophrenia and in the inhibition of anti-psychotic side effects. Metab. Brain Dis., 2012, 27(2), 113-119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11011-012-9307-9] [PMID: 22527998]
[108]
Cruz-Sanabria, F.; Carmassi, C.; Bruno, S.; Bazzani, A.; Carli, M.; Scarselli, M.; Faraguna, U. Melatonin as a chronobiotic with sleep-promoting properties. Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2022, 20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X20666220217152617] [PMID: 35176989]
[109]
Chiesa, A.; Chierzi, F.; De Ronchi, D.; Serretti, A. Quetiapine for bipolar depression. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2012, 27(2), 76-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0b013e32834e4c56] [PMID: 22107783]
[110]
Calabrese, J.R.; Keck, P.E., Jr; Macfadden, W.; Minkwitz, M.; Ketter, T.A.; Weisler, R.H.; Cutler, A.J.; McCoy, R.; Wilson, E.; Mullen, J. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2005, 162(7), 1351-1360.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.7.1351] [PMID: 15994719]
[111]
Sachs, G.; Chengappa, K.N.R.; Suppes, T.; Mullen, J.A.; Brecher, M.; Devine, N.A.; Sweitzer, D.E. Quetiapine with lithium or divalproex for the treatment of bipolar mania: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Bipolar Disord., 2004, 6(3), 213-223.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2004.00115.x] [PMID: 15117400]
[112]
Vieta, E.; Suppes, T.; Ekholm, B.; Udd, M.; Gustafsson, U. Long-term efficacy of quetiapine in combination with lithium or divalproex on mixed symptoms in bipolar I disorder. J. Affect. Disord., 2012, 142(1-3), 36-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.04.014] [PMID: 23062763]
[113]
Takeshima, M. Treating mixed mania/hypomania: a review and synthesis of the evidence. CNS Spectr., 2017, 22(2), 177-185.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1092852916000845] [PMID: 28004626]
[114]
Sheehan, D.V.; Harnett-Sheehan, K.; Hidalgo, R.B.; Janavs, J.; McElroy, S.L.; Amado, D.; Suppes, T. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine XR and divalproex ER monotherapies in the treatment of the anxious bipolar patient. J. Affect. Disord., 2013, 145(1), 83-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.016] [PMID: 22920718]
[115]
Lydiard, R.B.; Culpepper, L.; Schiöler, H.; Gustafsson, U.; Paulsson, B. Quetiapine monotherapy as treatment for anxiety symptoms in patients with bipolar depression: a pooled analysis of results from 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Prim. Care Companion J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2009, 11(5), 215-225.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/PCC.08m00659] [PMID: 19956459]
[116]
Ray, L.A.; Heydari, A.; Zorick, T. Quetiapine for the treatment of alcoholism: Scientific rationale and review of the literature. Drug Alcohol Rev., 2010, 29(5), 568-575.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00185.x] [PMID: 20887583]
[117]
Brown, E.S.; Nejtek, V.A.; Perantie, D.C.; Rajan Thomas, N.; Rush, A.J. Cocaine and amphetamine use in patients with psychiatric illness: a randomized trial of typical antipsychotic continuation or discontinuation. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2003, 23(4), 384-388.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jcp.0000085412.08426.08] [PMID: 12920415]
[118]
Nejtek, V.A.; Avila, M.; Chen, L.A.; Zielinski, T.; Djokovic, M.; Podawlitz, A.; Kaiser, K.; Bae, S.; Rush, A.J. Do atypical antipsychotics effectively treat co-occurring bipolar disorder and stimulant dependence? A randomized, double-blind trial. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2008, 69(8), 1257-1266.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v69n0808] [PMID: 18681757]
[119]
Bentzley, B.S.; Han, S.S.; Neuner, S.; Humphreys, K.; Kampman, K.M.; Halpern, C.H. Comparison of treatments for cocaine use disorder among adults. JAMA Netw. Open, 2021, 4(5), e218049.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.8049] [PMID: 33961037]
[120]
Tapp, A.; Wood, A.E.; Kennedy, A.; Sylvers, P.; Kilzieh, N.; Saxon, A.J. Quetiapine for the treatment of cocaine use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend., 2015, 149, 18-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.037] [PMID: 25682480]
[121]
Dubath, C.; Piras, M.; Gholam, M.; Laaboub, N.; Grosu, C.; Sentissi, O.; Gamma, F.; Solida, A.; von Gunten, A.; Conus, P.; Eap, C.B. Effect of quetiapine, from low to high dose, on weight and metabolic traits: Results from a prospective cohort study. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2021, 54(6), 279-286.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1525-2820] [PMID: 34388836]
[122]
Leucht, S.; Cipriani, A.; Spineli, L.; Mavridis, D.; Örey, D.; Richter, F.; Samara, M.; Barbui, C.; Engel, R.R.; Geddes, J.R.; Kissling, W.; Stapf, M.P.; Lässig, B.; Salanti, G.; Davis, J.M. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: A multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet, 2013, 382(9896), 951-962.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60733-3] [PMID: 23810019]
[123]
Carli, M.; Kolachalam, S.; Longoni, B.; Pintaudi, A.; Baldini, M.; Aringhieri, S.; Fasciani, I.; Annibale, P.; Maggio, R.; Scarselli, M. Atypical antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome: From molecular mechanisms to clinical differences. Pharmaceuticals, 2021, 14(3), 238.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14030238] [PMID: 33800403]
[124]
Brown, R.; Taylor, M.J.; Geddes, J. Aripiprazole alone or in combination for acute mania. Cochrane Libr., 2013, (12), CD005000.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005000.pub2] [PMID: 24346956]
[125]
Suppes, T.; Eudicone, J.; McQuade, R.; Pikalov, A., III; Carlson, B. Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in subpopulations with acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. J. Affect. Disord., 2008, 107(1-3), 145-154.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.08.015] [PMID: 17904226]
[126]
Vieta, E.; T’joen, C.; McQuade, R.D.; Carson, W.H., Jr; Marcus, R.N.; Sanchez, R.; Owen, R.; Nameche, L. Efficacy of adjunctive aripiprazole to either valproate or lithium in bipolar mania patients partially nonresponsive to valproate/lithium monotherapy: a placebo-controlled study. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2008, 165(10), 1316-1325.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07101560] [PMID: 18381903]
[127]
Marcus, R.; Khan, A.; Rollin, L.; Morris, B.; Timko, K.; Carson, W.; Sanchez, R. Efficacy of aripiprazole adjunctive to lithium or valproate in the long-term treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder with an inadequate response to lithium or valproate monotherapy: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study. Bipolar Disord., 2011, 13(2), 133-144.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00898.x] [PMID: 21443567]
[128]
De Fazio, P.; Girardi, P.; Maina, G.; Mauri, M.C.; Mauri, M.; Monteleone, P.; Perini, G.I.; Perugi, G.; Rossi, A. Aripiprazole in acute mania and long-term treatment of bipolar disorder: a critical review by an Italian working group. Clin. Drug Investig., 2010, 30(12), 827-841.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11584270-000000000-00000] [PMID: 20923242]
[129]
de Bartolomeis, A.; Perugi, G. Combination of aripiprazole with mood stabilizers for the treatment of bipolar disorder: from acute mania to long-term maintenance. Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 2012, 13(14), 2027-2036.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2012.719876] [PMID: 22946707]
[130]
Kotzalidis, G.D.; Rapinesi, C.; Chetoni, C.; De Filippis, S. Aripiprazole IM depot as an option for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 2021, 22(11), 1407-1416.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2021.1910236] [PMID: 33847183]
[131]
Calabrese, J.R.; Jin, N.; Johnson, B.; Such, P.; Baker, R.A.; Madera, J.; Hertel, P.; Ottinger, J.; Amatniek, J.; Kawasaki, H. Aripiprazole once-monthly as maintenance treatment for bipolar I disorder: a 52-week, multicenter, open-label study. Int. J. Bipolar Disord., 2018, 6(1), 14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40345-018-0122-z] [PMID: 29886522]
[132]
Li, D-J.; Tseng, P-T.; Stubbs, B.; Chu, C-S.; Chang, H-Y.; Vieta, E. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of aripiprazole in bipolar disorder: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 2017, 79(Pt B), 289-301.
[133]
Meduri, M.; Gregoraci, G.; Baglivo, V.; Balestrieri, M.; Isola, M.; Brambilla, P. A meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in adult and pediatric bipolar disorder in randomized controlled trials and observational studies. J. Affect. Disord., 2016, 191, 187-208.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.033] [PMID: 26674213]
[134]
Fountoulakis, K.N.; Vieta, E. Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Ann. Gen. Psychiatry, 2009, 8(1), 16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1744-859X-8-16] [PMID: 19635147]
[135]
Viikki, M.; Valtonen, H.M.; Leinonen, E. Three cases of hypomania and one case of mania during aripiprazole treatment; Pharmacopsychiatry: Germany, 2011, Vol. 44, pp. 78-81.
[136]
Lin, H-Y.; Lin, C-C.; Liu, C-C. Hypomania associated with adjunctive aripiprazole in an elder female with recurrent major depressive disorder: dose-related phenomenon? J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2012, 32(6), 836-837.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e318272d2b7]
[137]
Donohue, A. First manic episode in a 55-year-old man after initiation of aripiprazole. In: Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa. : Township); , 2010; 7, p. 37-9.
[138]
Del Casale, A.; Sorice, S.; Padovano, A.; Simmaco, M.; Ferracuti, S.; Lamis, D.A.; Rapinesi, C.; Sani, G.; Girardi, P.; Kotzalidis, G.D.; Pompili, M. Psychopharmacological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2019, 17(8), 710-736.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X16666180813155017] [PMID: 30101713]
[139]
Schönfelder, S.; Schirmbeck, F.; Waltereit, R.; Englisch, S.; Zink, M. Aripiprazole improves olanzapine-associated obsessive compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia. Clin. Neuropharmacol., 2011, 34(6), 256-257.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WNF.0b013e31823429bd] [PMID: 22104635]
[140]
Veale, D.; Miles, S.; Smallcombe, N.; Ghezai, H.; Goldacre, B.; Hodsoll, J. Atypical antipsychotic augmentation in SSRI treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 2014, 14(1), 317.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-014-0317-5] [PMID: 25432131]
[141]
Amerio, A.; Odone, A.; Ghaemi, S.N. Aripiprazole augmentation in treating comorbid bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review. J. Affect. Disord., 2019, 249, 15-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.024] [PMID: 30743017]
[142]
Brunetti, M.; Di Tizio, L.; Dezi, S.; Pozzi, G.; Grandinetti, P.; Martinotti, G. Aripiprazole, alcohol and substance abuse: a review. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 2012, 16(10), 1346-1354.
[PMID: 23104650]
[143]
Martinotti, G.; Orsolini, L.; Fornaro, M.; Vecchiotti, R.; De Berardis, D.; Iasevoli, F.; Torrens, M.; Di Giannantonio, M. Aripiprazole for relapse prevention and craving in alcohol use disorder: current evidence and future perspectives. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2016, 25(6), 719-728.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13543784.2016.1175431] [PMID: 27098451]
[144]
Mahapatra, A.; Sharma, P.; Sagar, R. Aripiprazole induced impulse control disorders: Where do we stand? Asian J. Psychiatr., 2016, 23, 128-130.
[145]
Mohan, T.; Dolan, S.; Mohan, R.; Dawson, J. Aripiprazole and impulse-control disorders in high-risk patients. Asian J. Psychiatr., 2017, 27, 67-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2017.02.015] [PMID: 28558898]
[146]
Bulbena-Cabré, A.; Bulbena, A. Aripiprazole-Induced Hypersexuality. Prim. Care Companion CNS Disord., 2016, 18(6), 26650.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/PCC.16l01983]
[147]
Jones, R.; Shad, M. Aripiprazole-induced kleptomania: Case report. J. Affect. Disord., 2019, 244, 242-243.
[148]
Wolfschlag, M.; Håkansson, A. Increased risk for developing gambling disorder under the treatment with pramipexole, ropinirole, and aripiprazole: A nationwide register study in Sweden. PLoS One, 2021, 16(6), e0252516.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252516] [PMID: 34061895]
[149]
Moran, L.M.; Phillips, K.A.; Kowalczyk, W.J.; Ghitza, U.E.; Agage, D.A.; Epstein, D.H.; Preston, K.L. Aripiprazole for cocaine abstinence: a randomized–controlled trial with ecological momentary assessment. Behav. Pharmacol., 2017, 28(1), 63-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0000000000000268] [PMID: 27755017]
[150]
Cuomo, I.; Kotzalidis, G.D.; de Persis, S.; Piacentino, D.; Perrini, F.; Amici, E.; De Filippis, S. Head-to-head comparison of 1-year aripiprazole long-acting injectable (LAI) versus paliperidone LAI in comorbid psychosis and substance use disorder: impact on clinical status, substance craving, and quality of life. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat., 2018, 14, 1645-1656.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S171002] [PMID: 29950846]
[151]
Sepede, G.; Lorusso, M.; Spano, M.C.; Di Nanno, P.; Di Iorio, G.; Di Giannantonio, M. Efficacy and safety of atypical antipsychotics in bipolar disorder with comorbid substance dependence: A systematic review. Clin. Neuropharmacol., 2018, 41(5), 181-191.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WNF.0000000000000297] [PMID: 30036197]
[152]
Vancampfort, D.; Firth, J.; Correll, C.U.; Solmi, M.; Siskind, D.; De Hert, M.; Carney, R.; Koyanagi, A.; Carvalho, A.F.; Gaughran, F.; Stubbs, B. The Impact of Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Improve Physical Health Outcomes in People With Schizophrenia: A Meta-Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials. Focus Am. Psychiatr. Publ., 2021, 19(1), 116-128.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.19103] [PMID: 34483776]
[153]
Shapiro, D.A.; Renock, S.; Arrington, E.; Chiodo, L.A.; Liu, L.X.; Sibley, D.R.; Roth, B.L.; Mailman, R. Aripiprazole, a novel atypical antipsychotic drug with a unique and robust pharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2003, 28(8), 1400-1411.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300203] [PMID: 12784105]
[154]
Abosi, O.; Lopes, S.; Schmitz, S.; Fiedorowicz, J.G. Cardiometabolic effects of psychotropic medications. Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig., 2018, 36(1), 20170065.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2017-0065] [PMID: 29320364]
[155]
Carli, M.; Kolachalam, S.; Aringhieri, S.; Rossi, M.; Giovannini, L.; Maggio, R.; Scarselli, M. Dopamine D2 receptors dimers: How can we pharmacologically target them? Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2018, 16(2), 222-230.
[PMID: 28521704]
[156]
Scarselli, M.; Armogida, M.; Chiacchio, S.; DeMontis, M.G.; Colzi, A.; Corsini, G.U.; Maggio, R. Reconstitution of functional dopamine D2s receptor by co-expression of amino- and carboxyl-terminal receptor fragments. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2000, 397(2-3), 291-296.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00272-7] [PMID: 10844126]
[157]
Chang, S.C.; Goh, K.K.; Lu, M.L. Metabolic disturbances associated with antipsychotic drug treatment in patients with schizophrenia: State-of-the-art and future perspectives. World J. Psychiatry, 2021, 11(10), 696-710.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v11.i10.696] [PMID: 34733637]
[158]
Weston-Green, K.; Huang, X.F.; Deng, C. Second generation antipsychotic-induced type 2 diabetes: a role for the muscarinic M3 receptor. CNS Drugs, 2013, 27(12), 1069-1080.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40263-013-0115-5] [PMID: 24114586]
[159]
Rosemond, E.; Rossi, M.; McMillin, S.M.; Scarselli, M.; Donaldson, J.G.; Wess, J. Regulation of M₃ muscarinic receptor expression and function by transmembrane protein 147. Mol. Pharmacol., 2011, 79(2), 251-261.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.110.067363] [PMID: 21056967]
[160]
Shymko, G.; Grace, T.; Jolly, N.; Dobson, L.; Hacking, D.; Parmar, A.; Kapi, P.; Waters, F. Weight gain and metabolic screening in young people with early psychosis on long acting injectable antipsychotic medication (aripiprazole vs paliperidone). Early Interv. Psychiatry, 2021, 15(4), 787-793.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eip.13013] [PMID: 32715655]
[161]
Parmar, A.; Hulme, D.; Hacking, D.; Shymko, G.; Dragovic, M.; Terina, G.; Waters, F. Aripiprazole in young people with early psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of weight gain. Australas. Psychiatry, 2022, 30(1), 90-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10398562211037334] [PMID: 35001673]
[162]
Weiss, C.; Weiller, E.; Baker, R.A.; Duffy, R.A.; Gwin, K.K.; Zhang, P.; McQuade, R.D. The effects of brexpiprazole and aripiprazole on body weight as monotherapy in patients with schizophrenia and as adjunctive treatment in patients with major depressive disorder. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2018, 33(5), 255-260.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000226] [PMID: 29878915]
[163]
Lu, M.L.; Shen, W.W.; Chen, C.H. Time course of the changes in antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia following the switch to aripiprazole. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 2008, 32(8), 1978-1981.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.09.016] [PMID: 18848860]
[164]
Labad, J.; Montalvo, I.; González-Rodríguez, A.; García-Rizo, C.; Crespo-Facorro, B.; Monreal, J.A.; Palao, D. Pharmacological treatment strategies for lowering prolactin in people with a psychotic disorder and hyperprolactinaemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr. Res., 2020, 222, 88-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.04.031] [PMID: 32507371]
[165]
Lu, Z.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, Y.; Guo, L.; Liao, Y.; Kang, Z.; Feng, X.; Yue, W. Pharmacological treatment strategies for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Transl. Psychiatry, 2022, 12(1), 267.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02027-4] [PMID: 35790713]
[166]
Corena-McLeod, M. Comparative pharmacology of risperidone and paliperidone. Drugs R D., 2015, 15(2), 163-174.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40268-015-0092-x] [PMID: 25943458]
[167]
Cipriani, A.; Barbui, C.; Salanti, G.; Rendell, J.; Brown, R.; Stockton, S.; Purgato, M.; Spineli, L.M.; Goodwin, G.M.; Geddes, J.R. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antimanic drugs in acute mania: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet, 2011, 378(9799), 1306-1315.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60873-8] [PMID: 21851976]
[168]
Hirschfeld, R.M.A.; Keck, P.E., Jr; Kramer, M.; Karcher, K.; Canuso, C.; Eerdekens, M.; Grossman, F. Rapid antimanic effect of risperidone monotherapy: a 3-week multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2004, 161(6), 1057-1065.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.6.1057] [PMID: 15169694]
[169]
Rendell, J.M.; Gijsman, H.J.; Bauer, M.S.; Goodwin, G.; Geddes, J. Risperidone alone or in combination for acute mania. Cochrane Libr., 2006, 2010(1), CD004043.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004043.pub2] [PMID: 16437472]
[170]
Valdes, M.; Bertolin, S.; Qian, H.; Wong, H.; Lam, R.W.; Yatham, L.N. Risperidone adjunctive therapy duration in the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder: A post hoc analysis. J. Affect. Disord., 2019, 246, 861-866.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.003] [PMID: 30795492]
[171]
Popovic, D.; Reinares, M.; Goikolea, J.M.; Bonnin, C.M.; Gonzalez-Pinto, A.; Vieta, E. Polarity index of pharmacological agents used for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2012, 22(5), 339-346.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.09.008] [PMID: 22000157]
[172]
Vieta, E.; Montgomery, S.; Sulaiman, A.H.; Cordoba, R.; Huberlant, B.; Martinez, L.; Schreiner, A. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess prevention of mood episodes with risperidone long-acting injectable in patients with bipolar I disorder. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2012, 22(11), 825-835.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.03.004] [PMID: 22503488]
[173]
Gao, K.; Kemp, D.E.; Ganocy, S.J.; Gajwani, P.; Xia, G.; Calabrese, J.R. Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal side effects in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: a systematic review. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2008, 28(2), 203-209.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e318166c4d5] [PMID: 18344731]
[174]
Haddad, P.M.; Sharma, S.G. Adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics: differential risk and clinical implications. CNS Drugs, 2007, 21(11), 911-936.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200721110-00004] [PMID: 17927296]
[175]
Poddar, I.; Callahan, P.M.; Hernandez, C.M.; Pillai, A.; Yang, X.; Bartlett, M.G.; Terry, A.V., Jr Chronic oral treatment with risperidone impairs recognition memory and alters brain-derived neurotrophic factor and related signaling molecules in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2020, 189, 172853.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172853] [PMID: 31945381]
[176]
Kozicky, J.M.; Torres, I.J.; Bond, D.J.; Lam, R.W.; Yatham, L.N. Comparison of neuropsychological effects of adjunctive risperidone or quetiapine in euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2012, 27(2), 91-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0b013e32834e3bea] [PMID: 22124206]
[177]
Scarselli, M.; Annibale, P.; Gerace, C.; Radenovic, A. Enlightening G-protein-coupled receptors on the plasma membrane using super-resolution photoactivated localization microscopy. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 2013, 41(1), 191-196.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST20120250] [PMID: 23356282]
[178]
Niufan, G.; Tohen, M.; Qiuqing, A.; Fude, Y.; Pope, E.; McElroy, H.; Ming, L.; Gaohua, W.; Xinbao, Z.; Huichun, L.; Liang, S. Olanzapine versus lithium in the acute treatment of bipolar mania: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J. Affect. Disord., 2008, 105(1-3), 101-108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.04.020] [PMID: 17531327]
[179]
Tohen, M.; Chengappa, K.N.R.; Suppes, T.; Zarate, C.A., Jr; Calabrese, J.R.; Bowden, C.L.; Sachs, G.S.; Kupfer, D.J.; Baker, R.W.; Risser, R.C.; Keeter, E.L.; Feldman, P.D.; Tollefson, G.D.; Breier, A. Efficacy of olanzapine in combination with valproate or lithium in the treatment of mania in patients partially nonresponsive to valproate or lithium monotherapy. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2002, 59(1), 62-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.59.1.62] [PMID: 11779284]
[180]
Maina, G.; Albert, U.; Salvi, V.; Mancini, M.; Bogetto, F. Valproate or olanzapine add-on to lithium: An 8-week, randomized, open-label study in Italian patients with a manic relapse. J. Affect. Disord., 2007, 99(1-3), 247-251.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.09.007] [PMID: 17056122]
[181]
Xu, L.; Lu, Y.; Yang, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Chen, F.; Lin, Z. Olanzapine-valproate combination versus olanzapine or valproate monotherapy in the treatment of bipolar I mania: a randomized controlled study in a Chinese population group. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat., 2015, 11, 1265-1271.
[PMID: 26060401]
[182]
Houston, J.P.; Tohen, M.; Degenhardt, E.K.; Jamal, H.H.; Liu, L.L.L.; Ketter, T.A. Olanzapine-divalproex combination versus divalproex monotherapy in the treatment of bipolar mixed episodes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2009, 70(11), 1540-1547.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.08m04895yel] [PMID: 19778495]
[183]
Huhn, M.; Nikolakopoulou, A.; Schneider-Thoma, J.; Krause, M.; Samara, M.; Peter, N.; Arndt, T.; Bäckers, L.; Rothe, P.; Cipriani, A.; Davis, J.; Salanti, G.; Leucht, S. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 Oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of Adults with multi-episode schizophrenia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Focus Am. Psychiatr. Publ., 2020, 18(4), 443-455.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.18306] [PMID: 33343258]
[184]
Wingård, L.; Bodén, R.; Brandt, L.; Tiihonen, J.; Tanskanen, A.; Kieler, H.; Andersen, M.; Reutfors, J. Reducing the rehospitalization risk after a manic episode: A population based cohort study of lithium, valproate, olanzapine, quetiapine and aripiprazole in monotherapy and combinations. J. Affect. Disord., 2017, 217, 16-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.054] [PMID: 28364619]
[185]
Cipriani, A.; Rendell, J.M.; Geddes, J. Olanzapine in long-term treatment for bipolar disorder. Cochrane Libr., 2009, (1), CD004367.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004367.pub2] [PMID: 19160237]
[186]
Cipriani, A.; Rendell, J.; Geddes, J.R. Olanzapine in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Psychopharmacol., 2010, 24(12), 1729-1738.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881109106900] [PMID: 19828571]
[187]
Tohen, M.; Sutton, V.K.; Calabrese, J.R.; Sachs, G.S.; Bowden, C.L. Maintenance of response following stabilization of mixed index episodes with olanzapine monotherapy in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of bipolar 1 disorder. J. Affect. Disord., 2009, 116(1-2), 43-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.11.003] [PMID: 19054570]
[188]
Popovic, D.; Reinares, M.; Amann, B.; Salamero, M.; Vieta, E. Number needed to treat analyses of drugs used for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 2011, 213(4), 657-667.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-010-2056-8] [PMID: 21052983]
[189]
Baldessarini, R.J.; Vázquez, G.H.; Tondo, L. Bipolar depression: a major unsolved challenge. Int. J. Bipolar Disord., 2020, 8(1), 1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40345-019-0160-1] [PMID: 31903509]
[190]
Karaş H.; Güdük, M.; Saatcioğlu, O. Withdrawal-emergent dyskinesia and supersensitivity psychosis due to olanzapine use. Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi, 2016, 53(2), 178-180.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/npa.2015.10122] [PMID: 28360793]
[191]
Chouinard, G.; Samaha, A.N.; Chouinard, V.A.; Peretti, C.S.; Kanahara, N.; Takase, M.; Iyo, M. Antipsychotic-induced dopamine supersensitivity psychosis: pharmacology, criteria, and therapy. Psychother. Psychosom., 2017, 86(4), 189-219.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000477313] [PMID: 28647739]
[192]
Crilly, J. The history of clozapine and its emergence in the US market. Hist. Psychiatry, 2007, 18(1), 39-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154X07070335] [PMID: 17580753]
[193]
Young, C.R.; Longhurst, J.G.; Bowers, M.B., Jr; Mazure, C.M. The expanding indications for clozapine. Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1997, 5(3), 216-234.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.5.3.216] [PMID: 9260069]
[194]
Aringhieri, S.; Kolachalam, S.; Gerace, C.; Carli, M.; Verdesca, V.; Brunacci, M.G.; Rossi, C.; Ippolito, C.; Solini, A.; Corsini, G.U.; Scarselli, M. Clozapine as the most efficacious antipsychotic for activating ERK 1/2 kinases: Role of 5-HT 2A receptor agonism. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2017, 27(4), 383-398.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.02.005] [PMID: 28283227]
[195]
Khokhar, J.Y.; Henricks, A.M.; Sullivan, E.D.K.; Green, A.I. Unique effects of clozapine: A pharmacological perspective. Adv. Pharmacol., 2018, 82, 137-162.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2017.09.009] [PMID: 29413518]
[196]
Nucifora, F.C., Jr; Mihaljevic, M.; Lee, B.J.; Sawa, A. Clozapine as a model for antipsychotic development. Neurotherapeutics, 2017, 14(3), 750-761.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13311-017-0552-9] [PMID: 28653280]
[197]
Kapczinski, F.; Pfaffenseller, B.; Dursun, S.M.; Azevedo Cardoso, T. Clozapine for bipolar disorder: What do we know so far and what next? Bipolar Disord., 2021, 23(2), 115-116.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.13050] [PMID: 33719158]
[198]
Meltzer, H.Y.; Alphs, L.; Green, A.I.; Altamura, A.C.; Anand, R.; Bertoldi, A.; Bourgeois, M.; Chouinard, G.; Islam, M.Z.; Kane, J.; Krishnan, R.; Lindenmayer, J.P.; Potkin, S. Clozapine treatment for suicidality in schizophrenia: International Suicide Prevention Trial (InterSePT). Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2003, 60(1), 82-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.1.82] [PMID: 12511175]
[199]
Andreea, T.; Petru, I.; Miron, A.A.; Paula-Simina, P.; Lorena, D. Clozapine for treatment-refractory aggressive behavior. Psychiatr. Q., 2021, 92(2), 721-733.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09839-x] [PMID: 32918660]
[200]
Calabrese, J.R.; Kimmel, S.E.; Woyshville, M.J.; Rapport, D.J.; Faust, C.J.; Thompson, P.A.; Meltzer, H.Y. Clozapine for treatment-refractory mania. Am. J. Psychiatry, 1996, 153(6), 759-764.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.6.759] [PMID: 8633686]
[201]
Calabrese, J.R.; Meltzer, H.Y.; Markovitz, P.J. Clozapine prophylaxis in rapid cycling bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1991, 11(6), 396-397.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199112000-00026]
[202]
Suppes, T.; Phillips, K.A.; Judd, C.R. Clozapine treatment of nonpsychotic rapid cycling bipolar disorder: A report of three cases. Biol. Psychiatry, 1994, 36(5), 338-340.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(94)90631-9] [PMID: 7993960]
[203]
Li, X.B.; Tang, Y.L.; Wang, C.Y.; de Leon, J. Clozapine for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Bipolar Disord., 2015, 17(3), 235-247.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12272] [PMID: 25346322]
[204]
Delgado, A.; Velosa, J.; Zhang, J.; Dursun, S.M.; Kapczinski, F.; de Azevedo Cardoso, T. Clozapine in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Psychiatr. Res., 2020, 125, 21-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.02.026] [PMID: 32182485]
[205]
Jakobsen, M.I.; Grønborg, H.; Hansen, H.V.; Fink-Jensen, A. Clozapine-associated neutropenia following augmentation with sodium valproate. SAGE Open Med. Case Rep., 2021, 9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313X211019791]
[206]
Kando, J.C.; Tohen, M.; Castillo, J.; Centorrino, F. Concurrent use of clozapine and valproate in affective and psychotic disorders. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1994, 55(6), 255-257.
[PMID: 8071281]
[207]
Williams, A.M.; Park, S.H. Seizure associated with clozapine: incidence, etiology, and management. CNS Drugs, 2015, 29(2), 101-111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40263-014-0222-y] [PMID: 25537107]
[208]
Wilkinson, S.T.; Trujillo, D.D.; Rupp, Z.W.; Kidambi, A.; Ramirez, K.L.; Flores, J.M.; Avila-Quintero, V.J.; Rhee, T.G.; Olfson, M.; Bloch, M.H. Pharmacological and somatic treatment effects on suicide in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Depress. Anxiety, 2022, 39(2), 100-112.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.23222] [PMID: 34762330]
[209]
Silva, E.; Higgins, M.; Hammer, B.; Stephenson, P. Clozapine rechallenge and initiation despite neutropenia- a practical, step-by-step guide. BMC Psychiatry, 2020, 20(1), 279.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02592-2] [PMID: 32503471]
[210]
Amerio, A.; Odone, A. Clozapine and lithium as maintenance therapy in a young treatment-resistant bipolar patient. Asian J. Psychiatr., 2018, 94-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2018.07.005]
[211]
Wilkowska, A. Cubała, W. Clozapine as transformative treatment in bipolar patients. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat., 2019, 15, 2901-2905.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S227196] [PMID: 31632038]
[212]
Fehr, B.S.; Ozcan, M.E.; Suppes, T. Low doses of clozapine may stabilize treatment? resistant bipolar patients. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 2005, 255(1), 10-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-004-0528-8] [PMID: 15538596]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy