A Perspective on the Impact of Advanced Glycation End Products in the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy

Bikbov, B.; Purcell, C.A.; Levey, A.S.; Smith, M.; Abdoli, A.; Abebe, M.; Adebayo, O.M.; Afarideh, M.; Agarwal, S.K.; Agudelo-Botero, M.; Ahmadian, E.; Al-Aly, Z.; Alipour, V.; Almasi-Hashiani, A.; Al-Raddadi, R.M.; Alvis-Guzman, N.; Amini, S.; Andrei, T.; Andrei, C.L.; Andualem, Z.; Anjomshoa, M.; Arabloo, J.; Ashagre, A.F.; Asmelash, D.; Ataro, Z.; Atout, M.M.W.; Ayanore, M.A.; Badawi, A.; Bakhtiari, A.; Ballew, S.H.; Balouchi, A.; Banach, M.; Barquera, S.; Basu, S.; Bayih, M.T.; Bedi, N.; Bello, A.K.; Bensenor, I.M.; Bijani, A.; Boloor, A.; Borzì, A.M.; Cámera, L.A.; Carrero, J.J.; Carvalho, F.; Castro, F.; Catalá-López, F.; Chang, A.R.; Chin, K.L.; Chung, S-C.; Ci-rillo, M.; Cousin, E.; Dandona, L.; Dandona, R.; Daryani, A.; Das Gupta, R.; Demeke, F.M.; Demoz, G.T.; Desta, D.M.; Do, H.P.; Duncan, B.B.; Eftekhari, A.; Esteghamati, A.; Fatima, S.S.; Fernandes, J.C.; Fernandes, E.; Fischer, F.; Freitas, M.; Gad, M.M.; Gebremeskel, G.G.; Gebresillassie, B.M.; Geta, B.; Ghafourifard, M.; Ghajar, A.; Ghith, N.; Gill, P.S.; Ginawi, I.A.; Gupta, R.; Hafezi-Nejad, N.; Haj-Mirzaian, A.; Haj-Mirzaian, A.; Hariyani, N.; Hasan, M.; Hasankhani, M.; Hasanzadeh, A.; Hassen, H.Y.; Hay, S.I.; Heidari, B.; Herteliu, C.; Hoang, C.L.; Hosseini, M.; Hostiuc, M.; Irvani, S.S.N.; Islam, S.M.S.; Jafari Balalami, N.; James, S.L.; Jassal, S.K.; Jha, V.; Jonas, J.B.; Joukar, F.; Jozwiak, J.J.; Kabir, A.; Kahsay, A.; Kasaeian, A.; Kassa, T.D.; Kassaye, H.G.; Khader, Y.S.; Khalilov, R.; Khan, E.A.; Khan, M.S.; Khang, Y-H.; Kisa, A.; Kovesdy, C.P.; Kuate, Defo B.; Kumar, G.A.; Larsson, A.O.; Lim, L.-L.; Lopez, A.D.; Lotufo, P.A.; Majeed, A.; Malekzadeh, R.; März, W.; Masaka, A.; Meheretu, H.A.A.; Miazgowski, T.; Mirica, A.; Mirrakhimov, E.M.; Mithra, P.; Moazen, B.; Mo-hammad, D.K.; Mohammadpourhodki, R.; Mohammed, S.; Mokdad, A.H.; Morales, L.; Moreno Velasquez, I.; Mousavi, S.M.; Mukho-padhyay, S.; Nachega, J.B.; Nadkarni, G.N.; Nansseu, J.R.; Natarajan, G.; Nazari, J.; Neal, B.; Negoi, R.I.; Nguyen, C.T.; Nikbakhsh, R.; Noubiap, J.J.; Nowak, C.; Olagunju, A.T.; Ortiz, A.; Owolabi, M.O.; Palladino, R.; Pathak, M.; Poustchi, H.; Prakash, S.; Prasad, N.; Rafiei, A.; Raju, S.B.; Ramezanzadeh, K.; Rawaf, S.; Rawaf, D.L.; Rawal, L.; Reiner, R.C. Jr.; Rezapour, A.; Ribeiro, D.C.; Roever, L.; Rothen-bacher, D.; Rwegerera, G.M.; Saadatagah, S.; Safari, S.; Sahle, B.W.; Salem, H.; Sanabria, J.; Santos, I.S.; Sarveazad, A.; Sawhney, M.; Schaeffner, E.; Schmidt, M.I.; Schutte, A.E.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Shaikh, M.A.; Sharafi, Z.; Sharif, M.; Sharifi, A.; Silva, D.A.S.; Singh, J.A.; Singh, N.P.; Sisay, M.M.M.; Soheili, A.; Sutradhar, I.; Teklehaimanot, B.F.; Tesfay, B.; Teshome, G.F.; Thakur, J.S.; Tonelli, M.; Tran, K.B.; Tran, B.X.; Tran Ngoc, C.; Ullah, I.; Valdez, P.R.; Varughese, S.; Vos, T.; Vu, L.G.; Waheed, Y.; Werdecker, A.; Wolde, H.F.; Wondmieneh, A.B.; Wulf Hanson, S.; Yamada, T.; Yeshaw, Y.; Yonemoto, N.; Yusefzadeh, H.; Zaidi, Z.; Zaki, L.; Zaman, S.B.; Zamora, N.; Zarghi, A.; Zewdie, K.A.; Ärnlöv, J.; Coresh, J.; Perico, N.; Remuzzi, G.; Murray, C.J.L.; Vos, T. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 2020, 395(10225), 709-733.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30045-3] [PMID: 32061315]

Husain, A.; Farooqui, A.; Khanam, A.; Sharma, S.; Mahfooz, S.; Shamim, A.; Akhter, F.; Alatar, A.A.; Faisal, M.; Ahmad, S. Physico-chemical characterization of C-phycocyanin from Plectonema sp. and elucidation of its bioactive potential through in silico approach. Cell. Mol. Biol., 2022, 67(4), 68-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2021.67.4.8] [PMID: 35809301]

Gupta, R.; Sahu, M.; Srivastava, D.; Tiwari, S.; Ambasta, R.K.; Kumar, P. Post-translational modifications: Regulators of neurodegenera-tive proteinopathies. Ageing Res. Rev., 2021, 68, 101336.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101336] [PMID: 33775891]

Niforou, K.; Cheimonidou, C.; Trougakos, I.P. Molecular chaperones and proteostasis regulation during redox imbalance. Redox Biol., 2014, 2, 323-332.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.017] [PMID: 24563850]

Kumar Pasupulati, A.; Chitra, P.S.; Reddy, G.B. Advanced glycation end products mediated cellular and molecular events in the pathology of diabetic nephropathy. Biomol. Concepts, 2016, 7(5-6), 293-309.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2016-0021] [PMID: 27816946]

Briceno Noriega, D.; Zenker, H.E.; Croes, C.A.; Ewaz, A.; Ruinemans-Koerts, J.; Savelkoul, H.F.J.; van Neerven, R.J.J.; Teodorowicz, M. Receptor mediated effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on innate and adaptative immunity: Relevance for food allergy. Nutrients, 2022, 14(2), 371.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14020371] [PMID: 35057553]

Rowan, S.; Bejarano, E.; Taylor, A. Mechanistic targeting of advanced glycation end-products in age-related diseases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis., 2018, 1864(12), 3631-3643.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.036] [PMID: 30279139]

Moldogazieva, N.T.; Mokhosoev, I.M.; Mel’nikova, T.I.; Porozov, Y.B.; Terentiev, A.A. Oxidative stress and advanced lipoxidation and glycation end products (ALEs and AGEs) in aging and age-related diseases. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2019, 2019, 1-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3085756] [PMID: 31485289]

Papadopoulou-Marketou, N.; Chrousos, G.P.; Kanaka-Gantenbein, C. Diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes: A review of early natural history, pathogenesis, and diagnosis. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev., 2017, 33(2), e2841.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2841] [PMID: 27457509]

Gheith, O.; Farouk, N.; Nampoory, N.; Halim, M.A.; Al-Otaibi, T. Diabetic kidney disease: Worldwide difference of prevalence and risk factors. J. Nephropharmacol., 2015, 5(1), 49-56.
[PMID: 28197499]

Anders, H.J.; Huber, T.B.; Isermann, B.; Schiffer, M. CKD in diabetes: Diabetic kidney disease versus nondiabetic kidney disease. Nat. Rev. Nephrol., 2018, 14(6), 361-377.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41581-018-0001-y] [PMID: 29654297]

Amann, K.; Benz, K. Structural renal changes in obesity and diabetes. Semin. Nephrol., 2013, 33(1), 23-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.12.003] [PMID: 23374891]

Habib, S.L. Kidney atrophy vs. hypertrophy in diabetes: Which cells are involved. Cell Cycle, 2018, 17(14), 1683-1687.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2018.1496744] [PMID: 29995580]

Tan, A.L.Y.; Forbes, J.M.; Cooper, M.E. AGE, RAGE, and ROS in diabetic nephropathy. Semin. Nephrol., 2007, 27(2), 130-143.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2007.01.006] [PMID: 17418682]

Yamagishi, S.; Nakamura, N.; Suematsu, M.; Kaseda, K.; Matsui, T. Advanced glycation end products: A molecular target for vascular complications in diabetes. Mol. Med., 2015, 21(S1)(Suppl. 1), S32-S40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2015.00067] [PMID: 26605646]

Ando, R.; Ueda, S.; Yamagishi, S.; Miyazaki, H.; Kaida, Y.; Kaifu, K.; Yokoro, M.; Nakayama, Y.; Obara, N.; Fukami, K.; Takeuchi, M.; Okuda, S. Involvement of advanced glycation end product-induced asymmetric dimethylarginine generation in endothelial dysfunction. Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res., 2013, 10(5), 436-441.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164113486662] [PMID: 23766377]

Khanam, A.; Ahmad, S.; Husain, A.; Rehman, S.; Farooqui, A.; Yusuf, M.A. Glycation and antioxidants: Hand in the glove of anti-glycation and natural antioxidants. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci., 2020, 21(9), 899-915.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203721666200210103304] [PMID: 32039678]

Najafian, B.; Alpers, C.E.; Fogo, A.B. Pathology of human diabetic nephropathy. Contrib. Nephrol., 2011, 170, 36-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000324942] [PMID: 21659756]

Bansode, S.; Bashtanova, U.; Li, R.; Clark, J.; Müller, K.H.; Puszkarska, A.; Goldberga, I.; Chetwood, H.H.; Reid, D.G.; Colwell, L.J.; Skepper, J.N.; Shanahan, C.M.; Schitter, G.; Mesquida, P.; Duer, M.J. Glycation changes molecular organization and charge distribution in type I collagen fibrils. Sci. Rep., 2020, 10(1), 3397.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60250-9] [PMID: 32099005]

Khanam, A.; Alouffi, S.; Rehman, S.; Ansari, I.A.; Shahab, U.; Ahmad, S. An in vitro approach to unveil the structural alterations in D -ribose induced glycated fibrinogen. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 2021, 39(14), 5209-5223.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1802339] [PMID: 32772827]

Hudson, D.M.; Archer, M.; King, K.B.; Eyre, D.R. Glycation of type I collagen selectively targets the same helical domain lysine sites as lysyl oxidase–mediated cross-linking. J. Biol. Chem., 2018, 293(40), 15620-15627.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.004829] [PMID: 30143533]

Xu, J.; Shi, G.P. Vascular wall extracellular matrix proteins and vascular diseases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis., 2014, 1842(11), 2106-2119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.008] [PMID: 25045854]

Garcia-Fernandez, N.; Jacobs-Cachá, C.; Mora-Gutiérrez, J.M.; Vergara, A.; Orbe, J.; Soler, M.J. Matrix metalloproteinases in diabetic kidney disease. J. Clin. Med., 2020, 9(2), 472.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020472] [PMID: 32046355]

Marshall, C.B. Rethinking glomerular basement membrane thickening in diabetic nephropathy: Adaptive or pathogenic? Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2016, 311(5), F831-F843.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00313.2016] [PMID: 27582102]

Coughlan, M.T.; Forbes, J.M.; Cooper, M.E. Role of the AGE crosslink breaker, alagebrium, as a renoprotective agent in diabetes. Kidney Int., 2007, 72(106), S54-S60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5002387] [PMID: 17653212]

Yin, Q.; Liu, H. Connective tissue growth factor and renal fibrosis. Renal Fibrosis: Mech; Therap, 2019, pp. 365-380.

Husain, A.; Alouffi, S.; Khanam, A.; Akasha, R.; Khan, S.; Khan, M. Non-inhibitory effects of the potent antioxidant from sp. on the gly-cation reaction. Rev. Rom. Med. Lab., 2022, 30(2), 199-213.

Yan, S.F.; Ramasamy, R.; Schmidt, A.M. The RAGE Axis. Circ. Res., 2010, 106(5), 842-853.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.212217] [PMID: 20299674]

Sun, L.; Kanwar, Y.S. Relevance of TNF-α in the context of other inflammatory cytokines in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int., 2015, 88(4), 662-665.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2015.250] [PMID: 26422621]

Cannizzaro, L.; Rossoni, G.; Savi, F.; Altomare, A.; Marinello, C.; Saethang, T.; Carini, M.; Payne, D.M.; Pisitkun, T.; Aldini, G.; Leelaha-vanichkul, A. Regulatory landscape of AGE-RAGE-oxidative stress axis and its modulation by PPARγ activation in high fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Nutr. Metab. (Lond.), 2017, 14(1), 5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12986-016-0149-z] [PMID: 28101123]

Tobon-Velasco. C Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) as mediator of NF-kB pathway activation in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets, 2014, 13(9), 1615-1626.

Ramasamy, R.; Shekhtman, A.; Schmidt, A.M. The RAGE/DI-] APH1 signaling axis & implications for the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2022, 23(9), 4579.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094579] [PMID: 35562970]

Sanajou, D.; Ghorbani Haghjo, A.; Argani, H.; Aslani, S. AGE-RAGE axis blockade in diabetic nephropathy: Current status and future directions. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2018, 833, 158-164.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.001] [PMID: 29883668]

Alouffi, S.; Khanam, A.; Husain, A.; Akasha, R.; Rabbani, G.; Ahmad, S. d-ribose-mediated glycation of fibrinogen: Role in the induction of adaptive immune response. Chem. Biol. Interact., 2022, 367, 110147.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110147] [PMID: 36108717]