Generic placeholder image

Current Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-4501
ISSN (Online): 1873-5592

Review Article

Bidirectional Relations Between Anxiety, Depression, and Cancer: A Review

Author(s): Ailar Nakhlband, Raheleh Farahzadi, Nazli Saeedi, Habibeh Barzegar, Soheila Montazersaheb* and Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani*

Volume 24, Issue 2, 2023

Published on: 26 December, 2022

Page: [118 - 130] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220922094403

Price: $65

Abstract

Epidemiological evidence continues to accumulate on the effect of stress and depression on cancer initiation and progression. Depression has been introduced as an independent predictor of increased cancer mortality. At the same time, early intervention for depression increases the survival rate. Even some evidence has given prognostic value for depression to predict cancer recurrence and mortality. This article presents current evidence on the correlations of molecular mechanisms of cancer and depression through; I. The evidence shows the role of pre-existing depression and anxiety in the development and progression of cancer. II. The Immune system performs a crucial role in stress, depression, and cancer. III. The role of stress and depression-induced inflammation. IV. The evidence has proposed that cancer may result in depression and the effect of depression on cancer outcomes. In conclusion, the importance of preventive interventions to monitor patients’ mental health during cancer treatment is very significant and should not be underestimated. In other words, the initial interventions can improve depressive symptoms and increase cancer survival. On the other hand, by identifying key biomarkers of depression, physicians can identify cancer patients at risk for depression or those who may not respond to routine treatments. Revealing the molecular mechanism of the cancer microenvironment in the development of comorbidities promises innovative therapeutic options for cancer. Identifying these mechanisms opens a new avenue in identifying cancer patients at risk for depression and can also provide considerable potential in identifying depressive patients prone to cancer.

Keywords: Depression, stress, cancer, immune, system, anti-depressant

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Park B, Youn S, Yi KK, Lee S, Lee JS, Chung S. The prevalence of depression among patients with the top ten most common cancers in South Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14(5): 618-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4306/pi.2017.14.5.618] [PMID: 29042887]
[2]
Smoller JW. The genetics of stress-related disorders: PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41(1): 297-319.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.266] [PMID: 26321314]
[3]
Cuijpers P, Vogelzangs N, Twisk J, Kleiboer A, Li J, Penninx BW. Comprehensive meta-analysis of excess mortality in depression in the general community versus patients with specific illnesses. Am J Psychiatry 2014; 171(4): 453-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13030325] [PMID: 24434956]
[4]
Lloyd-Williams M, Shiels C, Taylor F, Dennis M. Depression - An independent predictor of early death in patients with advanced cancer. J Affect Disord 2009; 113(1-2): 127-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.04.002] [PMID: 18558439]
[5]
Wang X, Wang N, Zhong L, et al. Prognostic value of depression and anxiety on breast cancer recurrence and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 282,203 patients. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25(12): 3186-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-00865-6] [PMID: 32820237]
[6]
Van der Elst S, Bardash Y, Wotman M, Kraus D, Tham T. The prognostic impact of depression or depressive symptoms on patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Head Neck 2021; 43(11): 3608-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.26868] [PMID: 34525238]
[7]
Russ TC, Stamatakis E, Hamer M, Starr JM, Kivimäki M, Batty GD. Association between psychological distress and mortality: Individual participant pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2012; 345(jul31 4): e4933.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e4933] [PMID: 22849956]
[8]
Domschke K, Gottschalk MG. Genetics of anxiety and stress-related disorders-toward a bottom-up cross-disorder psychopathology. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76(9): 889-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0998] [PMID: 31116367]
[9]
Currier MB, Nemeroff CB. Depression as a risk factor for cancer: From pathophysiological advances to treatment implications. Annu Rev Med 2014; 65(1): 203-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-061212-171507] [PMID: 24215332]
[10]
Jia Y, Li F, Liu YF, Zhao JP, Leng MM, Chen L. Depression and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2017; 149: 138-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2017.04.026] [PMID: 28641155]
[11]
Chida Y, Hamer M, Wardle J, Steptoe A. Do stress-related psychosocial factors contribute to cancer incidence and survival? Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2008; 5(8): 466-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncponc1134] [PMID: 18493231]
[12]
Rahman MR, Islam T, Al-Mamun MA, Zaman T, Karim MR, Moni MA. The influence of depression on ovarian cancer: Discovering molecular pathways that identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2019; 16: 100207.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2019.100207]
[13]
Cui B, Peng F, Lu J, et al. Cancer and stress: NextGen strategies. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93: 368-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.005] [PMID: 33160090]
[14]
Niknamian S. The impact of stress. Anxiety, Fear and Depression in The Cause of Cancer in Humans 2019.
[15]
Cole SW. The Conserved transcriptional response to adversity. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019; 28: 31-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.008] [PMID: 31592179]
[16]
Palacios R, Sugawara I. Hydrocortisone abrogates proliferation of T cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by rendering the interleukin-2 Producer T cells unresponsive to interleukin-1 and unable to synthesize the T-cell growth factor. Scand J Immunol 1982; 15(1): 25-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1982.tb00618.x] [PMID: 6461917]
[17]
Antoni MH, Dhabhar FS. The impact of psychosocial stress and stress management on immune responses in patients with cancer. Cancer 2019; 125(9): 1417-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31943] [PMID: 30768779]
[18]
Pavlov VA, Tracey KJ. Neural circuitry and immunity. Immunol Res 2015; 63(1-3): 38-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-015-8718-1] [PMID: 26512000]
[19]
Xu Z, Shioda S, Masahisa J, et al. Role of the autonomic nervous system in the tumor micro-environment and its therapeutic potential. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 23(11): 1687-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161025152942] [PMID: 27784236]
[20]
Nagaraja AS, Sadaoui NC, Dorniak PL, Lutgendorf SK, Sood AK. SnapShot: Stress and disease. Cell Metab 2016; 23(2): 388.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.01.015]
[21]
Miller AH, Maletic V, Raison CL. Inflammation and its discontents: The role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 65(9): 732-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.029] [PMID: 19150053]
[22]
Bortolato B, Hyphantis TN, Valpione S, et al. Depression in cancer: The many biobehavioral pathways driving tumor progression. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 52: 58-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.004] [PMID: 27894012]
[23]
Maes M, Leonard BE, Myint AM, Kubera M, Verkerk R. The new ‘5-HT’ hypothesis of depression: Cell-mediated immune activation induces indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which leads to lower plasma tryptophan and an increased synthesis of detrimental tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), both of which contribute to the onset of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35(3): 702-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.12.017] [PMID: 21185346]
[24]
Sperner-Unterweger B, Kohl C, Fuchs D. Immune changes and neurotransmitters: Possible interactions in depression? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48: 268-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.006] [PMID: 23085509]
[25]
Pierone BC, Pereira CA, Garcez ML, Kaster MP. Stress and signaling pathways regulating autophagy: From behavioral models to psychiatric disorders. Exp Neurol 2020; 334: 113485.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113485] [PMID: 32987001]
[26]
Leonard BE. The concept of depression as a dysfunction of the immune system Depression: From psychopathology to pharmacotherapy 27. Karger Publishers 2010; pp. 53-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000319504]
[27]
Hasnain SZ, Lourie R, Das I, Chen ACH, McGuckin MA. The interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation. Immunol Cell Biol 2012; 90(3): 260-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/icb.2011.112] [PMID: 22249202]
[28]
Dhabhar FS. Effects of stress on immune function: The good, the bad, and the beautiful. Immunol Res 2014; 58(2-3): 193-210.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-014-8517-0] [PMID: 24798553]
[29]
Zhang X, Zhang Y, He Z, et al. Chronic stress promotes gastric cancer progression and metastasis: An essential role for ADRB2. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10(11): 788.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-2030-2] [PMID: 31624248]
[30]
Jobling P, Pundavela J, Oliveira SMR, Roselli S, Walker MM, Hondermarck H. Nerve–cancer cell crosstalk: A novel promoter of tumor progression. Cancer Res 2015; 75(9): 1777-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-3180] [PMID: 25795709]
[31]
Slavich GM, Irwin MR. From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. Psychol Bull 2014; 140(3): 774-815.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035302] [PMID: 24417575]
[32]
Bauer ME. Stress, glucocorticoids and ageing of the immune system. Stress 2005; 8(1): 69-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10253890500100240] [PMID: 16019599]
[33]
De Nicola AF, Ortí E, Moses DF, Magariños AM, Coirini H. Functions and dysfunctions of receptors for adrenal corticoids in the central nervous system. J Steroid Biochem 1987; 27(1-3): 599-607.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4731(87)90359-1] [PMID: 3695496]
[34]
Godbout JP, Glaser R. Stress-induced immune dysregulation: Implications for wound healing, infectious disease and cancer. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2006; 1(4): 421-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-006-9036-0] [PMID: 18040814]
[35]
Tang M, Liu T, Jiang P, Dang R. The interaction between autophagy and neuroinflammation in major depressive disorder: From pathophysiology to therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168: 105586.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105586] [PMID: 33812005]
[36]
Maier SF, Watkins LR. Cytokines for psychologists: Implications of bidirectional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behavior, mood, and cognition. Psychol Rev 1998; 105(1): 83-107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.105.1.83] [PMID: 9450372]
[37]
Elenkov IJ, Iezzoni DG, Daly A, Harris AG, Chrousos GP. Cytokine dysregulation, inflammation and well-being. Neuroimmunomodulation 2005; 12(5): 255-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000087104] [PMID: 16166805]
[38]
Lee BN, Dantzer R, Langley KE, et al. A cytokine-based neuroimmunologic mechanism of cancer-related symptoms. Neuroimmunomodulation 2004; 11(5): 279-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000079408] [PMID: 15316238]
[39]
Narendran G, Tomfohr L, Schulte F. Inflammatory cytokines and depression in children with cancer: A review of the literature. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018; 35(1): 11-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08880018.2018.1440335] [PMID: 29648904]
[40]
Li M, Kouzmina E, McCusker M, et al. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine associations with major depression in cancer patients. Psychooncology 2017; 26(12): 2149-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.4316] [PMID: 27862626]
[41]
Young K, Singh G. Biological mechanisms of cancer-induced depression. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9: 299.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00299] [PMID: 30042700]
[42]
Smith HR. Depression in cancer patients: Pathogenesis, implications and treatment. (Review). Oncol Lett 2015; 9(4): 1509-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.2944] [PMID: 25788991]
[43]
Kurz K, Schroecksnadel S, Weiss G, Fuchs D. Association between increased tryptophan degradation and depression in cancer patients. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2011; 14(1): 49-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e328340d849] [PMID: 21076293]
[44]
Barreto FS, Chaves Filho AJM, de Araújo MCCR, et al. Tryptophan catabolites along the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathway as a biological link between depression and cancer. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 29(2 and 3): 165-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0000000000000384] [PMID: 29543650]
[45]
Hestad KA, Engedal K, Whist JE, Farup PG. The relationships among tryptophan, kynurenine, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, depression, and neuropsychological performance. Front Psychol 2017; 8: 1561.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01561] [PMID: 29046648]
[46]
Yin X, Eisenbarth SC. Torn between type 1 and type 2 immunity. Sci Immunol 2020; 5(53): eabf4905.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abf4905] [PMID: 33158976]
[47]
Maes M. Depression is an inflammatory disease, but cell-mediated immune activation is the key component of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35(3): 664-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.014] [PMID: 20599581]
[48]
Broere F, Eden Wv. T cell subsets and T cell-mediated immunity Nijkamp and Parnham’s Principles of Immunopharmacology. Springer 2019; pp. 23-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10811-3_3]
[49]
Jiang G, Wang Y, Liu Q, et al. Autophagy: A new mechanism for esketamine as a depression therapeutic. Neuroscience 2022; 498: 214-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.014] [PMID: 35597333]
[50]
Sumitomo A, Tomoda T. Autophagy in neuronal physiology and disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 60: 133-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2021.07.013] [PMID: 34416525]
[51]
Glick D, Barth S, Macleod KF. Autophagy: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Pathol 2010; 221(1): 3-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.2697] [PMID: 20225336]
[52]
Hurley JH, Young LN. Mechanisms of autophagy initiation. Annu Rev Biochem 2017; 86(1): 225-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044820] [PMID: 28301741]
[53]
Jia J, Le W. Molecular network of neuronal autophagy in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31(4): 427-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12264-015-1548-2] [PMID: 26254058]
[54]
Xiao X, Shang X, Zhai B, Zhang H, Zhang T. Nicotine alleviates chronic stress-induced anxiety and depressive-like behavior and hippocampal neuropathology via regulating autophagy signaling. Neurochem Int 2018; 114: 58-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2018.01.004] [PMID: 29339018]
[55]
Alcocer-Gómez E, Casas-Barquero N, Núñez-Vasco J, Navarro-Pando JM, Bullón P. Psychological status in depressive patients correlates with metabolic gene expression. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23(10): 843-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cns.12755] [PMID: 28879683]
[56]
Gassen NC, Rein T. Is there a role of autophagy in depression and antidepressant action? Front Psychiatry 2019; 10: 337.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00337] [PMID: 31156481]
[57]
Häusl AS, Brix LM, Bajaj T, et al. Mediobasal hypothalamic FKBP51 acts as a molecular switch linking autophagy to whole-body metabolism. bioRxiv 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.31.445775]
[58]
Gassen NC, Hartmann J, Schmidt MV, Rein T. FKBP5/FKBP51 enhances autophagy to synergize with antidepressant action. Autophagy 2015; 11(3): 578-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2015.1017224] [PMID: 25714272]
[59]
Gassen NC, Hartmann J, Zschocke J, et al. Association of FKBP51 with priming of autophagy pathways and mediation of antidepressant treatment response: Evidence in cells, mice, and humans. PLoS Med 2014; 11(11): e1001755.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001755] [PMID: 25386878]
[60]
Pitman A, Suleman S, Hyde N, Hodgkiss A. Depression and anxiety in patients with cancer. BMJ 2018; 361: k1415.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k1415] [PMID: 29695476]
[61]
Satin JR, Linden W, Phillips MJ. Depression as a predictor of disease progression and mortality in cancer patients. Cancer 2009; 115(22): 5349-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24561] [PMID: 19753617]
[62]
Spiegel D, Giese-Davis J. Depression and cancer: Mechanisms and disease progression. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54(3): 269-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00566-3] [PMID: 12893103]
[63]
Pinquart M, Duberstein PR. Depression and cancer mortality: A meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2010; 40(11): 1797-810.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709992285] [PMID: 20085667]
[64]
Schrepf A, Lutgendorf SK, Pyter LM. Pre-treatment effects of peripheral tumors on brain and behavior: Neuroinflammatory mechanisms in humans and rodents. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 49: 1-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.010] [PMID: 25958011]
[65]
Antoni MH, Jacobs JM, Bouchard LC, et al. Post-surgical depressive symptoms and long-term survival in non-metastatic breast cancer patients at 11-year follow-up. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2017; 44: 16-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.10.002] [PMID: 28041571]
[66]
Giese-Davis J, Collie K, Rancourt KMS, Neri E, Kraemer HC, Spiegel D. Decrease in depression symptoms is associated with longer survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer: A secondary analysis. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29(4): 413-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.28.4455] [PMID: 21149651]
[67]
Fann JR, Thomas-Rich AM, Katon WJ, et al. Major depression after breast cancer: A review of epidemiology and treatment. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2008; 30(2): 112-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.10.008] [PMID: 18291293]
[68]
Cosci F, Fava GA, Sonino N. Mood and anxiety disorders as early manifestations of medical illness: A systematic review. Psychother Psychosom 2015; 84(1): 22-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000367913] [PMID: 25547421]
[69]
Van Esch L, Roukema JA, Ernst MF, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, De Vries J. Combined anxiety and depressive symptoms before diagnosis of breast cancer. J Affect Disord 2012; 136(3): 895-901.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.012] [PMID: 21975139]
[70]
Schneider S, Moyer A. Depression as a predictor of disease progression and mortality in cancer patients. Cancer 2010; 116(13): 3304.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25318] [PMID: 20564636]
[71]
McEwen BS. Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: Understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 583(2-3): 174-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.071] [PMID: 18282566]
[72]
Farmer M, Locke BZ. Mościcki EK, Dannenberg AL, Larson DB, Radloff LS. Physical activity and depressive symptoms: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 128(6): 1340-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115087] [PMID: 3264110]
[73]
Colleoni M, Mandala M, Peruzzotti G, Robertson C, Bredart A, Goldhirsch A. Depression and degree of acceptance of adjuvant cytotoxic drugs. Lancet 2000; 356(9238): 1326-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02821-X] [PMID: 11073026]
[74]
Vlad-Andrei D, Enache R-G. Depression in cancer patients. Technium Soc Sci J 2020; 12: 150.
[75]
Madmoli M. A systematic review study on the changer factors of the quality of life in cancer patients. Int Res Med Health Sci 2019; 2(1): 8-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.36437/irmhs.2019.2.1.J]
[76]
Ahmed E. Antidepressants in patients with advanced cancer: When They’re warranted and how to choose therapy. Oncology (Williston Park) 2019; 33(2): 62-8.
[PMID: 30784031]
[77]
Fitzgerald P, Li M, Grassi L, Rodin G. Pharmacotherapy of depression in cancer patients Psychopharmacology in Oncology and Palliative Care. Springer 2014; pp. 145-61.
[78]
Baltenberger EP, Schmitt G, Thomas CJ. Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with cancer. Ment Health Clin 2014; 4(3): 114-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.n194575]
[79]
Lu D-Y, Lu T, Che J, Yarla N. Individualized cancer therapy, what is the next generation. EC Cancer 2018; 2(6): 286-97.
[80]
Wong RL, El-Jawahri A, D’Arpino SM, et al. Use of antidepressant medications moderates the relationship between depressive symptoms and hospital length of stay in patients with advanced cancer. Oncologist 2019; 24(1): 117-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0096] [PMID: 30082486]
[81]
Shen WW, Chang S-C. Antidepressant therapy in patients with cancer: A clinical review. Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry 2019; 33(1): 13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_3_19]
[82]
Ostuzzi G, Benda L, Costa E, Barbui C. Efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants on the continuum of depressive experiences in patients with cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41(8): 714-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.06.003] [PMID: 26118318]
[83]
Matiiash T, Bondarchuk A. Usage of antidepressants in cancer patients Psychosomatic Medicine and General Practice 2019; 4(2): e0402195-e.
[84]
Smith EML, Pang H, Cirrincione C, et al. Effect of duloxetine on pain, function, and quality of life among patients with chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013; 309(13): 1359-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.2813] [PMID: 23549581]
[85]
Durand JP, Deplanque G, Montheil V, et al. Efficacy of venlafaxine for the prevention and relief of oxaliplatin-induced acute neurotoxicity: Results of EFFOX, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Ann Oncol 2012; 23(1): 200-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdr045] [PMID: 21427067]
[86]
Hutton B, Yazdi F, Bordeleau L, et al. Comparison of physical interventions, behavioral interventions, natural health products, and pharmacologics to manage hot flashes in patients with breast or prostate cancer: Protocol for a systematic review incorporating network meta-analyses. Syst Rev 2015; 4(1): 114.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13643-015-0099-y] [PMID: 26307105]
[87]
Biglia N, Bounous VE, Susini T, et al. Duloxetine and escitalopram for hot flushes: Efficacy and compliance in breast cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2018; 27(1): e12484.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12484] [PMID: 26936232]
[88]
Navari RM. Nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2020; 21(2): 14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11864-020-0704-8] [PMID: 32025954]
[89]
Shibahara H, Ito T, Uematsu N, Imai E, Nishimura D. Low-dose mirtazapine improved nausea and appetite loss during S-1 therapy Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2012; 39(1): 143-5.
[PMID: 22241371]
[90]
Ming-Hua C, Bao-Hua Z, Lei Y. Mechanisms of anorexia cancer cachexia syndrome and potential benefits of traditional medicine and natural herbs. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2016; 17(13): 1147-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201017666161018123311] [PMID: 27758689]
[91]
Mangoulia P. The psychopharmacological management of depression in patients with cancer. Int J Nurs (N Y) 2020; 7(2): 6-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijn.v7n2a2]
[92]
Mohandas H, Jaganathan SK, Mani MP, Ayyar M, Rohini Thevi GV. Cancer-related fatigue treatment: An overview. J Cancer Res Ther 2017; 13(6): 916-29.
[PMID: 29237952]
[93]
Ashrafi F, Mousavi S, Karimi M. Potential role of bupropion sustained release for cancer-related fatigue: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. APJCP 2018; 19(6): 1547-51.
[PMID: 29936730]
[94]
Fang CK, Chen HW, Chiang IT, et al. Mirtazapine inhibits tumor growth via immune response and serotonergic system. PLoS One 2012; 7(7): e38886.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038886] [PMID: 22808019]
[95]
Park EJ, Lee JH, Jeong DC, Han SI, Jeon YW. Natural killer cell activity in patients with major depressive disorder treated with escitalopram. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28(1): 409-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.031] [PMID: 26177234]
[96]
Dai J, Liao N, Shi J, Tao JQ. Study of prevalence and influencing factors of depression in tumor patients and the therapeutic effects of fluoxetine. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21(21): 4966-74.
[PMID: 29164561]
[97]
Kubera M, Lin AH, Kenis G, Bosmans E, van Bockstaele D, Maes M. Anti-Inflammatory effects of antidepressants through suppression of the interferon-γ/interleukin-10 production ratio. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 21(2): 199-206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-200104000-00012] [PMID: 11270917]
[98]
Xia Z, Bergstrand A, DePierre JW, Nässberger L. The antidepressants imipramine, clomipramine, and citalopram induce apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells via caspase-3 activation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 1999; 13(6): 338-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0461(1999)13:6<338:AID-JBT8>3.0.CO;2-7] [PMID: 10487422]
[99]
Yuan SY, Cheng CL, Ho HC, et al. Nortriptyline induces mitochondria and death receptor-mediated apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and inhibits bladder tumor growth in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 761: 309-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.007] [PMID: 26086857]
[100]
Ahmadian E, Eftekhari A, Babaei H, M, Nayebi A, A, Eghbal M. Anti-cancer effects of citalopram on hepatocellular carcinoma cells occur via cytochrome C release and the activation of NF-kB. Anti- Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents) 2017; 17(11): 1570-7.
[101]
Atale N, Rani V. Angiogenesis: A Therapeutic Target for Cancer Drug Targets in Cellular Processes of Cancer: From nonclinical to preclinical models. Springer 2020; pp. 165-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7586-0_9]
[102]
Kannen V, Hintzsche H, Zanette DL, et al. Antiproliferative effects of fluoxetine on colon cancer cells and in a colonic carcinogen mouse model. PLoS One 2012; 7(11): e50043.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050043] [PMID: 23209640]
[103]
Stepulak A, Rzeski W, Sifringer M, et al. Fluoxetine inhibits the extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway and suppresses growth of cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2008; 7(10): 1685-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cbt.7.10.6664] [PMID: 18836303]
[104]
Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, et al. A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 67(5): 446-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033] [PMID: 20015486]
[105]
Derhagopian R. Postsurgical depressive symptoms and proinflammatory cytokine elevations in women undergoing primary treatment for breast cancer 2016.
[106]
Raison CL, Rutherford RE, Woolwine BJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the tumor necrosis factor antagonist infliximab for treatment-resistant depression: The role of baseline inflammatory biomarkers. JAMA Psychiatry 2013; 70(1): 31-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.4] [PMID: 22945416]
[107]
Carvalho AF, Sharma MS, Brunoni AR, Vieta E, Fava GA. The safety, tolerability and risks associated with the use of newer generation antidepressant drugs: A critical review of the literature. Psychother Psychosom 2016; 85(5): 270-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447034] [PMID: 27508501]
[108]
Sharpe CR, Collet J-P, Belzile E, Hanley JA, Boivin J-F. The effects of tricyclic antidepressants on breast cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2002; 86(1): 92-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6600013] [PMID: 11857018]
[109]
Dalton SO, Poulsen AH, Nørgaard M, McLaughlin JK, Johansen C, Friis S. Tricyclic antidepressants and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Epidemiology 2008; 19(4): 546-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e318176bf98] [PMID: 18552589]
[110]
Coogan PF, Palmer JR, Strom BL, Rosenberg L. Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the risk of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 162(9): 835-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi301] [PMID: 16177141]
[111]
Bahl S, Cotterchio M, Kreiger N, Klar N. Antidepressant medication use and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma risk: No association. Am J Epidemiol 2004; 160(6): 566-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh234] [PMID: 15353417]
[112]
Caraci F, Crupi R, Drago F, Spina E. Metabolic drug interactions between antidepressants and anticancer drugs: Focus on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and hypericum extract. Curr Drug Metab 2011; 12(6): 570-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920011795713706] [PMID: 21395523]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy