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Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

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ISSN (Print): 1389-2010
ISSN (Online): 1873-4316

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Review Article

Biosynthesis and Detection of Domoic Acid from Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia: A Review

Author(s): Zhen-yuan Nie, Xiao-ping Long, Nour EI Houda Bouroubi, Hong-chang Liu*, Si-ting Cao, Yu-xin Chen, Xing-fu Zheng and Jin-lan Xia

Volume 24, Issue 5, 2023

Published on: 28 September, 2022

Page: [599 - 610] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220624123116

Price: $65

Abstract

The domoic acid (DA) produced by certain species of the marine pennate diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia is highly neurotoxic and can induce nerve excitability and neurotoxicity by binding with ionotropic glutamate receptors, causing amnesic shellfish poisoning in humans who consume seafood contaminated with DA. In recent years, poisoning of humans caused by DA has occurred around the world, which has attracted increasing attention, and studies on DA production by Pseudo-nitzschia have become the hotpot. This article reviews the progress in the biosynthesis of DA by the typical diatom Pseudo-nitzschia, in which the metabolic pathway of the biosynthesis of DA and its precursors, i.e., geranyl pyrophosphate and L-glutamate, and the various environmental factors affecting DA production including temperature, light intensity, nutrients, trace metals, and alien bacteria are discussed. The detection methods of DA (including bioassays, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and biosensors), as well as the morphology and toxigenicity of Pseudo-nitzschia are also presented.

Keywords: Pseudo-nitzschia, domoic acid, diatom, biosynthesis, metabolic pathway, detection

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