Abstract
Background: Water is polluted daily with biological and chemical toxins that can seriously threaten human health, animals and ecosystems. The regular identification and monitoring of biological and chemical toxins in water resources are the first steps of the preventive method. The devices used in traditional detection methods such as adsorption and chromatography combined with mass spectrometry are not easy to transport for analysis and involve laborious preliminary sample preparation steps. However, the developments in nanosensors prepared with nanomaterials provide solutions to these challenges. Nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, graphene and quantum dots are often preferred for the surface preparation of plasmonic nanosensors for the selective, sensitive and label-free detection of very low concentrations of pollutants in water.
Methods: There are different plasmonic nanosensors such as electrochemical, colorimetric and optical sensors prepared using different nanomaterials for the determination of environmental pollutants. These serious nanosensors have many advantages and disadvantages. In this review, the use of different nanomaterials in different types of plasmonic nanosensors for the determination of environmental pollutants, their modifications and their effects on performance in terms of signal enhancement will also be discussed.
Results: When the studies in the literature are examined, although many articles have been published on the detection of pollutants in water, the number of publications specific to nanomaterial based plasmonic nanosensors for detection is quite limited. In this review, we focused on using different nanomaterials to prepare nanosensor surfaces for the detection of environmental pollutants and the preparation, optimization, experimental analysis and application areas of different plasmonic nanosensors made in the literature for detection methods.
Conclusion: Recently, nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, graphene and quantum dots have been preferred for the preparation of surfaces in plasmonic nanosensors. Nanomaterials have important plasmonic properties and are preferred for the selective, sensitive and label-free detection of trace pollutants in water. In studies conducted in the literature, it has been observed that environmental pollutants such as toxins, bacteria, heavy metal ions, and pesticides, especially in water, are determined and analyzed. In this review, it was observed that the low detection limit and sensitive and selective analyses were performed with nanomaterial-based nanosensors. The current review includes the preparation and application studies of nanomaterial based plasmonic nanosensors, especially for the detection and quantification of various trace pollutants in water.
Keywords: Plasmonic nanosensor, environmental pollutants, pollution control, ecosystem, review.
Graphical Abstract
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